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3-4,2005 35
This paper describes the design and functional parts of the second generation anti-tank guided missile. The detailed
analysis of the missile interface is made with respect to the structural parts and their function. Also, all of the connec-
tors, the connections and the cabling form of interface are presented in detail. The analysis comprises a detailed pres-
entation of all signals which are transmitted by the interface during the sequence of the missile launching and its
flight towards the target. The criteria for the interface optimization estimation are given, as well as the methods for its
main characteristics verification.
Key words: anti-tank missile, guided missile, micro-cable guidance, interface, connector, block scheme
1)
Military Technical Institute (VTI), Ratka Resanovića, 11132 Belgrade
36 KOBILAREV M: CHOICE AND ANALYSIS OF THE ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE INTERFACE OPTIMAL SOLUTION
J6 - BRMI connection ( Q1 ) The main WH section, with SAM2 for the tank main
- armour penetration.
J7 connection at the end of MC ( Q1 )
The aft section, which comprises:
J8 - flare connection ( Q1 ) – BRM, which gives the initial velocity and rotation to the
J 9 , J10 - connectors of the TVC left and right missile and completes the burning within the LT.
actuators ( Q2 ) – IR flare, which enables the CLU to see and guide a mis-
J11 - SRMI connection ( Q3 ) sile towards the target.
– Spool with micro-cable, which acts as the communica-
J12 , J13 - THCW electronic assembly micro-
tion link for the command signals’ transmission between
connectors ( Q4 ) the launcher and the missile, during the flight.
J14 - MC CF connection – Four wings, for the missile stabilization and rotation dur-
Q1 ,Q2 , Q3 iQ4 - missile interface stripe cables ing the flight.
FRONT SECTION
Introduction
Missile interface
The missile interface connects MEA with CLU and
integrates the missile elements with MEA into uniform
functional entity, Fig.3. The CLU, using J1 , J 2 , J 3 and the
LT interface, controls the launching sequence and guides
the missile towards the target, [2].
Figure 1. ATGM The missile interface is composed of:
The missile main functional parts, shown in Fig.2, are: CC WH-1 SAM-1 TB MEA WH-2 THCW BE MC
Q4
– WH1 with SAM1, for the ERA destruction. Q3 Q1 J8
1. The stripe cabling set Q1 , Q2 , Q3 and Q4 , Fig.3, “male” half-part of the connector, and J10 on Q2 is the
which are firmly connected (soldered) to the MEA’s MB “female” half-part of the connector. It was made in such a
on one end, and on the other ending in connectors or way in order to avoid the mistake of crossing the
contacting attachments, Fig.4. connections between the left and the right actuator with Q2.
Q3 has two conductors and connects the MEA with the
2. The interfaces of CC, WH1, SAM1, TB and G, to- SRM igniter via J11, Fig.3 J11 has two connecting pedals,
gether with the MEA’s MB, onto which they are sol- Fig.4, which, by the nuts, have to tighten the screws on the
dered. SRM igniter contacts.
J7-2 Q4 has ten conductors and, by the “male” half-part of
J7-1 J7-3
J12, connects the MEA’s MB with THCW BE, which
1
2
controls the SAM1 and the SAM2 operation in order to
secure and activate WH1 and WH2 within the THCW
3
9
10
housing close to SAM2, which comprises the “female”
half-parts of the J12 and J13 connectors. SAM2 is, by five
11
J2 12
J6-1,2
J7-1,2,3
conductors and by “male” half-part of the J3, connected
J6-1 J6-2
J8-1,2,3,4 with the THCW BE. Two conductors of the J13 “male” half-
J14-1,2
part, connect CF of MC with the THCW BE, using J14,
J8-1 J8-4 Q1 Fig.3. The CC interface with the MEA’s MB has two
conductors, Fig.3. CC is further connected to the THCW
BE, via Q4. The CC has the switching function at the
J9
1
2
3
moment when the impact to the target occurs. Then, it is
4
5
6
closed and activates WH1.
The SAM1 interface with the MEA’s MB has five
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
conductors, Fig.3. SAM1 is further in connection with the
J10 THCW BE, via Q4. In that way, the SAM1 secures and
14
15
16
J12
The TB interface with the MEA’s MB has 2+2
Q4
conductors, Fig.3. Two of them are intended for TB
ignition, and, via Q1 and J1, they are further connected with
Figure 4. Missile interface the CLU. The other two conductors are for the MEA power
supply from TB. At the same time, they, via Q1 and J2, send
The Q1 has 14 conductors and connects MEA’s MB with
the 42V control voltage towards the CLU as information
CLU, MC and F via J 2 , J 7 and J 8 respectively, and the that the TB has achieved its working mode.
CLU with the BRM igniter via J 2 and J 6 , Fig.3. The G interface with the MEA’s MB has 2+4
J6, J7, J8, and J14 are the contacting attachments realized conductors, Fig.3. Two of them are intended for the G gas
by contacting cases, Fig.4. The conductors’ connection is generator ignition, and, via Q1 and J2, they are further
obtained by crimping of both ends of the contacting case connected with the CLU. The other four conductors bring
using a special tool able to control the force of deformation the 15V voltage and V and D signals, from the G sensors,
depending on the conductor diameter. From the outside, to the MEA’s MB. The returning conductors GND for all of
contacting cases are electrically isolated. J2 is directly the signals are jointed into a single junction point at the
connected with MEA’s MB by 5 Q1 conductors. J3 is placed MEA’s MB and connected with the missile mass and the
at the MC beginning and J7 is placed at the MC end. J7 is LT interface protective shield, using J2-6, [3].
directly connected with MEA’s MB by 3 Q1 conductors, and The interface and the electro-initiating elements (SAM1,
has three contacting cases. The F is directly connected with SAM2, WH1, WH2, SRM, BRM, TB, G) are situated
MEA’s MB via J8 and 4 Q1 conductors. J8 has four within the missile which has the characteristics of
contacting cases. The BRM is directly connected with J2 and electrostatic protective shield against EMI, because the
missile body is made of aluminium protected by the electro
the CLU via J6 and 2 Q1 conductors. J6 has two contacting
conductive surface cover. Due to that, the missile interface
cases. conductors are not shielded. The interface part (Q1, Q2, Q4),
Q2 has 16 conductors and connects MEA’s MB with the which lies on the missile outside surface, is protected by the
TVC system actuators on both nozzles of SRM, via aluminium foil which has an electrical contact with the
connectors J9 and J10, Fig.3 J9 and J10 are the same missile. Using J2-6, the missile is connected with the LT
connection pair with 14 contacts, Fig.4 J9 on Q2 is the interface protective electrical shield, [3].
38 KOBILAREV M: CHOICE AND ANALYSIS OF THE ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE INTERFACE OPTIMAL SOLUTION
The missile interface conductor cross-section diameter is Then, the CLU activates PTL, and when the information
determined with respect to the current intensity running about PTL unlocking is received, the CLU ignites BRM
through them (10A through the TVC system actuators exploiting the BRMI signal transmitted via exploiting the
during the impulsive regime of operation) and in order to BRMI signal transmitted via J 2 − 2 , J 2 − 6 and J 6 , Fig.5, [3] .
minimize the length of conductors and the missile mass.
This interface has satisfied criteria adopted for the When the missile starts the motion along the LT, J 2
solution optimization evaluation: EMI protection, minimal disconnects and so does the short circuit between J 2 −5 and
number of the interface conductors, sockets and connectors J 2 − 6 , generating in that way the START signal driven via
and the minimal number of contacts in each of the Q1 to the MEA’s MB. From MB, the START signal is
connectors.
driven to the SRM igniter controller (PCB3), and as an
Interface functions inverted signal START , it is driven to the TVC system
The CLU controls the missile launching sequence via actuator controllers (PCB1 and PCB2) and via J12 −9 to the
J 2 , [ 2] . The TBGI signal, using J 2 −1 and J 2 − 6 , Q1 and
THCW electronic block. The START signal holds the
the MEA’s MB, is transmitted to the TB and G igniters, TVC system interceptors in the extreme position out of
Fig.5. The TB exit voltage of + 42V is transmitted to the nozzles, till the moment of the SRM ignition and the first
CLU, using the MEA’s MB, Q1 , J 2 − 4 and J 2 − 6 . This command appearance. Also, that signal activates the SRM
signal is feedback information that TB has achieved its ignition delay line and initiates the sequence of the THCW
operational mode and, consequently, the launching fuses arming, [ 2] .
sequence can go on, [2]. On the other hand, the TB voltage The SRM is ignited by the SRMI signal from the igniter
is, directly and with the help of DC/DC converters, used for controller (PCB3), which is sent to the SRM via MEA MB,
power supply of the MEA electronics (PCB1, PCB2 and
Q3 and J11 . The SRMI signal is generated 230 ms after the
PCB3), the G, the F (J 8− 2 and J 8−3 ) and the THCW
START signal and eight D signals, generated by the G,
electronics ( J12 − 7 ) with voltages of + 42V, + 15V and - after the first missile rotation.
15V, Fig.5. The CLU is sending TVSINC signal to F, using The only connection between the CLU and the missile,
J 2 − 3 and J 2 − 6 , Q1, MEA’s MB and finally via J 8−1 , while after the launching, is via J 2 and MC. The CLU guides the
the missile is in the LT, [3] . TB takes over the F power missile in flight by the command signals generated by the
CLU ICG. The COM signals are calculated on the bases of
supply from LB on the LT, when the missile starts. the missile angular deviation from the line of sight,
The gyroscope generates the signals V and D and sends measured by the CLU coordinator, and on the bases of the
them, in the form of bipolar signal GS (V+D), to the CLU, missile angular position, measured by the gyroscope, [4].
exploiting the MC interface (PCB3) and J 7 − 2 and J 3− 2 . The CLU sends a bipolar signal COM ( U C1 + U C2 ) via J 3−1
Signal D is also driven into the SRMI controller (PCB3),
(at the MC beginning) and J 7 −1 (at the MC end) towards
Fig.5.
CLU LT MISSILE MB
J13 J12
EI21 CC CC
1 1 1
EI22 EI11 CCGND CC
2 2 2
SAM2 EDD22 EI12
3 3
ARM22 EDD11
4 BE6 4
GND IS1+IS2 EI11
5 5 3
CFS D32 EI12
6 6 4
CFSGND +42V EDD11
7 7 5 SAM1
GND ARM11
8 6
START GND
9 7
ARM22
1 CFS 10
CF
MC 2 CFSGND
MB MEA IS1
J14 8
J9 22 9
IS1GND
PCB 1 WH1
L11B +42V IS2
1 23 10
L11E IS2GND
T 2 24 +15V 11
L21B
V 3 25
L21E START
C 4 26 BE2
L12B TBGI
5 27 UC1 12
L12E TBGIGND
L 6 28 13
L22B GND V
7 29 14
L22E D G
8 30 15 BE3
+15V
16
J10 17
+15VGND
L13B
1 31 PCB 2 +42V
L13E
T 2 32 +15V
L23B TBGI
V 3 33 18
L23E TBGIGND
C 4 34 START 19
L14B BE2 +42V TB
5 35 20
L14E UC2 +42VGND
R 6 36 21
L24B
7 37 GND
+15V L24E
8 38
J6 J11
SRMI SRMI
BRMI S 1 39 START
B 1
P R SRMIGND GND
1 R BRMIGND 2 40 UC2
2 M
M
D32 GND
J8 BE1
UC1
START
TVSINC TVSINC D
1 41
+42V +42V
2 42
F BE7 +15V +15V +15V
3 43
13 GND GND
4 44
14 +15V
16 J2 J2
+42V GND
17 TBGI
TBGI
1 1 45 BE4
BRMI -15V
BRMI 2 2
TVSINC TVSINC
3 3 46
+42V +42V +42V -15V
4 4 47
START START START +15V
5 5 48
GND GND GND
49 INH
6 6
UC2
J3 J3 J7 BE5 UC1
COM COM COM (UC1 +UC2) V
1 1 1 50
GS GS GS (V + D) D
2 2 2 51
MCRC MCRC MCRC GND
3 3 3 52
MC MC PCB 3
MEA’s MB and the MC interface (PCB3), in direction the igniting circuits of TB, G gas-generator, BRM,
opposite to the GS, Fig.5. Within the MC interface (PCB3), SRM, SAM1, SAM2, WH1 and WH2 must be kept at
the COM signal is discomposed onto the U C1 and U C2 . the values lower than those which can activate electrical
Those signals are transmitted, using controllers TVC1 and detonators and cause incidental ignition. For every sin-
gle type of electrical detonator, the current intensity by
TVC2, (PCB1 and PCB2), Q2 , J 9 and J10 to the TVC which a detonator must not to be activated and intensity
system actuators located on the left and on the right SRM by which it must to be activated are defined in advance.
nozzle, where the commands have to be executed. Each The ATGM comprises the EMI sources such as the
actuator has four electro-magnets where the places where short impulses during the TB, gyroscope gas generator,
their coils start are denoted by Lmnb , and the ends of their BRM, SRM, SAM1 and SAM2 igniters’ activation or
coils are denoted by Lmne , at the J 9 and J10 , [5] and [ 6] . the TVC system operation. Those EMI sources are not
strong enough to activate electrical detonators in the
The THCW BE controls the sequence of the SAM1 and neighbouring ignition circuits. For EMI protection, the
the SAM2 arming and the WH1 and the WH2 major importance has to be concerned with the missile
synchronization while acting on the target. The SAM1 and external surface protection from the electro conductivity
SAM2 have two degrees of security, before arming, [2]. In point of view. The EMI characteristics are tested in ac-
the safe position, EDD11 and EDD21 in SAM1 and SAM2 cordance with the MIL standards 461 and 462.
are positioned out of the WH1 and the WH2 axes and are
not able to activate them. During the arming process, the 2. Electrostatic discharge immunity during the handling
rotors, on which EDD11 and EDD22 are located, have to and transportation is related to the electrical detonators ac-
pass two steps that correspond taking off of two degrees of tivation prevention in adequate igniting circuits and to
SAM’s security. The first security degree is taken off when degradation or failure of semi conductive components
within the MEA. Like in the previous case, the most im-
J 2 is separated and signal START is generated, while the portant in this case are the electrical shielding of the inter-
missile has to achieve acceleration of 100 m/s2 within LT. face and conductive protection of the missile body.
The signal START ( J12−9 ) , enables the ignition of EI11 The current induced by the gunner electrostatic discharge,
while handling the missile within LT, is simulated by the
and EI21, via J12 − 2 and J13−1 , which enables the rotors in 5pF condenser discharge through the 5KΩ resistor in the
SAM1 and SAM2 to pass the way to the second secure electrical detonator, charged under the 30 KV voltage.
position. For the second security degree taking off, it is The current induced by the electrostatic discharge during
necessary to generate signal CFS, at the moment when MC the missile transportation by the helicopter, is simulated
tears CF at the distance of 25m from the LT, and signal by the 100pF condenser discharge in the electrical detona-
D32, at the moment when missile makes four rotations and tor circuit, charged under the 300KV voltage.
32 D impulses are generated. In the THCW BE, the CFS 3. Isolation resistance between the neighbouring conductors,
signal is introduced by J14 −1 , J14− 2 and J13− 6 , J13− 7 , and of the every interface set, must be greater than 50MΩ, dur-
D32 signal by J12 − 6 , Fig.5. Those signals enable the ing the 500V direct test voltage implementation.
ignition of EI12 and EI22, via J12−3 and J13− 2 , thus 4. Dialectical strength of the every interface set is checked
making rotors free to place EDD11 and EDD22 into the on the control panel. During the 650V alternative test
WH1 and the WH2 axes. The SAM1 and the SAM2 arming voltage of 1 KHz frequency implementation, for 1s of
is completed. Their status is controlled on the MEA’s MB, duration, the penetration and the spark jump between the
in points ARM11 (6) and ARM22 (22), Fig.5. The contact interface neighbouring conductors are not allowed.
ARM22 is transmitted from SAM2 to MEA’s MB via 5. Interface functional characteristics are approved on
J13− 4 , THCW BE and J12 −10 , while the contact ARM11 is the control panel which has to indicate the short circuit
transmitted directly from SAM1. In the safe position, the or crossing between conductors, as well as the connec-
contacts ARM11 and ARM22 are shorted to the GND, tion breaking.
while they are opened in armed position. 6. Interface dimensional characteristics in reference to
At the target, the CC is switched on and, via J12 −1 , gives the conductors’ length and cross-section diameter, are
the information to the THCW BE to activate EDD11 in controlled by connecting all of the interface connectors
and contacts to the appropriate positions on the missile.
WH1, via J12− 4 . The ionization effect of the WH1 For this purpose, the missile acts as a control tool.
explosion shorts the IS1 and IS2 thus generating signal
IS1+IS2, which via J12 −5 , activates the lines, for the WH2
action delay and self-destruction, in the THCW BE. 150 µs Conclusion
(maximum 200 µs ) after WH1 explosion, EDD22 and WH2 The ATGM is a WH transporter from the launching site
must be activated via J13−3 . In that way, the sequence of to the target, which has to be either destroyed or disabled
for combat activities. The missile main functional parts are:
events during the missile flight is finished. the front section, the SRM section, the main WH section
and the aft section. In functional sense, the MEA is
Interface characteristics composed of electronical blocks intended for: the SRM
The missile interface main characteristics, similar to the igniting, the TVC system control, generating and sending
the signals from the G to the CLU via MC, the MC
LT interface case, [3] , are: interface at the MEA, the IR F operation control and
1. EMI characteristics in the sense of immunity and per- synchronization and the SAM1 and the SAM2 control in
mitted emissivity which do not violate the function or order for securing, arming and synchronizing of the THCW
degrade the characteristics of the other system compo- action against the target.
nents. Influenced by the EMI, the currents induced in The missile interface connects MEA with CLU and
40 KOBILAREV M: CHOICE AND ANALYSIS OF THE ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE INTERFACE OPTIMAL SOLUTION
integrates the missile elements with MEA into uniform emissivity, electrostatic discharge immunity during the
functional entity. The CLU, using J1, J2, J3, and the LT handling and transportation, isolation resistance and
interface, controls the missile launching sequence and dielectical strength between the neighbouring conductors
guides it towards the target. and their dimensional characteristics in reference to the
The missile interface is composed of: the stripe cabling length and cross-section diameter.
set Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 soldered to the MEA’s MB and the
interfaces of CC, WH1, SAM1, TB and G, to the MEA’s References
MB, onto which, they are soldered. [1] KOBILAREV,M. sa saradnicima: Protivoklopni raketni sistem za
The interface and the electro-detonating elements are male daljine BUMBAR, int.dok. VTI-03-01-0311, Beograd, 1994.
settled within the missile, which has the feature of the [2] KOBILAREV, M.: Analysis and choice of the launching process op-
electrostatic shield against EMI, because it is made of timal sequence for an anti-tank guided missile, Scientific technical
aluminium, protected with electro-conductive surface review, 2003., Vol.LIII, No.2, pp.13-18.
protection. Because of that, the missile interface conductors [3] KOBILAREV, M.,: Choice and analysis of the launcher interface
optimal solution for an anti-tank guided missile, Scientific technical
are not shielded. The interface part ( Q1 , Q2 , Q4 ) , which is review, 2005, Vol.LV, No.2, pp.64-68.
laid onto the missile outside surface, is protected by the [4] KOBILAREV,M.: Choice and analysis of the command and launch
aluminium foil which has an electrical contact with the unit optimal solution for an anti-tank guided missile, Scientific tech-
nical review, 2005, Vol.LV, No.1, pp.23-29.
missile. The missile is connected with the LT interface
[5] KOBILAREV,M., BJELOGRLIĆ,Z.: Identifikacija parametara
electrical shield. snažnog sistema za upravljanje vektorom potiska protivoklopne
The interface, described here, has satisfied criteria rakete, Naučno-tehnički pregled, 1999, Vol.49, No.4, pp.3-7.
adopted for the solution optimization evaluation: EMI [6] KOBILAREV,M.: Dynamic analysis of a powerful thrust vector con-
protection, minimal number of the interface conductors, trol system in antitank missile, Scientific technical review, 2000,
sockets and connectors, and minimal number of contacts in Vol.L, No.6, pp.5-11.
each of the connector.
The missile interface main characteristics identified by Received: 23.06.2005.
the appropriate measurement methods are: the EMI
characteristics in the sense of immunity and permitted
Ključne reči: Protivoklopna raketa, vođena raketa, vođenje pomoću mikrokabla, interfejs, konektor, blok šema.
Kly~evwe slova: protivobronirovanna} raketa, upravl}ema} raketa, upravlenie pri pomo|i mikrokabel},
interfejs, soedinitelx, blok-shema.
KOBILAREV M: CHOICE AND ANALYSIS OF THE ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE INTERFACE OPTIMAL SOLUTION 41
Mots clés: missile anticlar, missile guidé, guidage par microcâble, interface, connecteur, schema bloc.