Types of primary osteoporosis :

A- senile

B- drugs induced

C- osteomalacia

D-Post menoposal

E- A and D

‫ الجواب‬E

-----------

Drugs that may cause osteoporosis:

A- paracetamol

B- statins

C- captopril

D- glucocorticoids

‫ الجواب‬D

----------------

The main goal of treatment of osteoporosis is the prevention of ...........by reducing

bone loss or increasing bone density and strength

A- bone fracture

B- hypocalcemia

C- hyperparathyroidism

D- cancer

‫ الجواب‬A

--------------

Which of following increase calcium absorption:

A- vitamin A

B- vitamin C

C- vitamin D

D- vitamin B12

‫ الجواب‬c

--------------

Teriparatide increase bone :

A- resorption

B- formation

C- remodeling

D-non of following

‫ الجواب‬B

-----------------

Denosumab inhibit osteoclasts so the most important side effect is :

A- GIT upset

B- drowsiness

C- flushing

D- hypocalcemia

‫ الجواب‬d

-----------------

Mechanism of action of calcitonin is :

A- stimulation of osteoblast

B- inhibition of osteoclast

C- inhibition of osteoblast

D- stimulation of osteoclast

‫ الجواب‬B

----------------

Raloxifene is mixed estrogen agonist and antagonist means:

A- estrogen agonist on bone

B- estrogen antagonist on breast

C- estrogen agonist on bone and antagonist on breast

D- estrogen agonist on breast and antagonist on bone

‫ الجواب‬C

-----------------

Estrogen can control osteoporosis but not used as first line and long duration
because of :

A- less effective

B- expensive

C- hot flushing side effects

D- increase risk of breast cancer

‫ الجواب‬D

-------------------

All of following Instructions for bisphosphonate oral administration except:

A- on empty stomach

B- with glass of water

C- no lying down during oral administrations

D- must be take at bedtime

‫ الجواب‬c

------------------

Example of bisphosphonate drugs is :

A- Raloxifene

B- terparatide

C- alendronate

D- phenytoin

‫ الجواب‬c

------------------

Mechanism of action of bisphosphonate:

A- inhibit bone resorption

B- increase bone formation

C- directly suppress parathyroid

D- increase bone resorption

‫ الجواب‬a

--------------

Pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis:

A- Bisphosphonate

B- fluoride

C- calcitonin

D- all true

‫ الجواب‬d

---------------

Non pharmacological therapy for osteoporosis:

A- adequate ca+ and vitamin d intake

B- decrease caffeine

C- physical exercise

D- fall prevention

E- all true

‫ الجواب‬e

-----------------

Osteoporosis t score is

A- 4

B- 0

C- 1

D- <-2.5

‫ الجواب‬d

-----------------

Is osteoporosis curable or controllable?

- Those drugs used for control , prevent progression improve quality of life and
prevent complications

‫ول في بلوك‬-‫ اسئلة الكويز ا‬musculoskeletal

!!!!!!!!!!!

1-❌ in supraspinatus m. due to broken of greater tubercle Lead to abduction

deficiency

2-flextion of shoulder joint by pectoralis major

3-socket for shoulder joint is glenoid cavity

4-abduction in glenouhumoral joint examination by C5

5-calcitonin uses for treatment of osteoporosis

6-cancellous bone has irregular tubercle

7-PTH net effect is hypercalcaemia and hypophosphatemia

8-mylinated nerve fiber consumed the lowest energy for nerve impulse conduction

9- union epiphysis for head of femur at 18 year

10-decrease non diffusible protein in hypoalbuminemia state

11-long bone longitudinal in endochondral ostification

12-GH and thyroxin are high level in children before 5 year

13-cephalic vein starts from lateral end of the dorsal venous arch

14-central and lateral part of the mammary gland to pectoral group of axillary
lymph nodes

15-response to load (stress) is significance of remodeling

#$#$#$#$

By Eatezaz%
NERVE INJURY DEFORMITY
ULNAR C A-WINGING SCAPULA
MEDIAN D B-FLATTENED SHOULDER
RADIAL F,G C-PARTIAL CLAW HAND
POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS D- APE HAND

NERVE TO SERRATUS ANTERIOR E- COPMLETE CLAW HAND

A
LOWER TRUNK F-WRIST AND FINGER DROP
AXILLARY B G-FINGER DROP
MUSCULOCUTANEUS H-EXTENDED DEFORMITY ELBOW PLUS LOSS
H
SENSATION LATERAL ASPECT FOREARM
MATCH STRUCTURES OF COLUMN A WITH SUITABLE ANSWER IN COLUMN B


To back to rest

membrane potential

To release ACH

Action potential full not

localized

No way happens

incomplete tetanus(clonus)

Treppe

Because of stimulating of sympathetic

which lead to increased adrenaline

which lead to more metabolic activity

 MSK Midterm Q

1-most causative organism in osteomyelitis?

Septic focus in hematogenouse spread

2-decrease mineralization in nutritional rickets due to

decrease calcium?
A)Absorption from intestine✅
B) release from bone
C) reabsorption of Ca from kidney

3-peak bone mass develop as the age of ?

20-25

4-represent 90% of organic matrix?

A)collegen I ✅
B)collagen ||
C)Ground substance

5-muscle affected in lesions of lower trunk ?

Small muscles of hand

6-Compressional strength of bone can decreased by high levels of?

PTH

7-Which muscle help Raising from sitting ,climbing upstaris

Gluteus maximus
8-Articulation of proximal radioulnar joint with the circumference of
head of radius and ?
annular ligament and radial notch in ulna

9-bone signaling protein?

A)Cathepsin k
B)TRAP
C)Osteocrin
D)Osteprotegerin

10-In Osteoporosis , there is decrease of?

A)function of osteoblast compared to osteoclast✅
B)function of hydroxyapatite in osteoblast

11-Inertion of quadriceps muscle in

tibial tuberosity

12-wrist joint articulation between the end of radius and?

articular disc above , and scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum below

13-superficial muscles of the back of leg

gastrocnemius

14-Iliotibial tract attached between:

A)Iliac crest and lateral condyle of tibia✅
B)Iliac crest and lateral condyle of fibula

15-Medial border of cubital fossa:

A)Pronator teres ✅
B)Brachioradialis
16-Apex of ilio-femoral ligament is attached to:
A)Anterior inferior iliac spine✅
B)Posterior inferior iliac spine
C)Anterior superior iliac spine
D)Anterior superior iliac spine

17-One of the following is feature of anaerobic infection:

A)Isolation of organism from pus by usual aerobic method
B)Infection associated with sterile pus✅
C)Respond to conventional antimicrobial therapy
D)Infection occure in rich blood site

18-Virulence factor of Bacteroid fragilis:

A-Exotoxins
B-polysaccharide capsule ✅

19-If the injury occure in upper trunk of brachial plexus which of the
following muscle could be affected:
A) Trepezius
B) Serratus anterior
C) Biceps ✅
D) Felxor carpi ulnaris

20-Fontanelle of the skull represent:

A)ossification centers that are not fused prenatally ✅
B)Fusion of spicules at ossification center
21-Synostosis represent:
A)bones are joined by bone ✅

22-Which one of the following muscles is called boxer muscle:

A)Serratus anterior✅

23-Which one of the following muscle abduction the arm (0-15)

A-Supraspinatus✅
B)Infraspinatus

24-Metacarpophalangeal joint is articulation between distal of

metacarapal bone and:
A)Proximal phalanges✅
B)Distal phalanges
C)Middle phalanges

25-Which one of the following is branch from first part of axillary artery:
A)Highest thoracic artery✅

26-Which one of the following is branch from second part of axillary

artery:
A)Lateral thoracic artery✅
27-Clavipectoral fascia is pierced by:
A)Axillary artey
B)Axillary vein
C)Lateral pectoral nerve✅
D)Medial pectoral nerve

28-Which of the following muscle is do dosiflexion mevement of foot:

A)Muscles of anterior compartment of leg✅
B)Muscles of lateral compartment of leg
C)Muscles of posterior compartment of leg

29-The difference between osteomalcia and osteoporosis , that in

osteoporosis is:
A)Equal bone matrix compared to bone calcification
B)Decrease bone matrix compared to bone calcification✅
C)Increase bone matrix compared to bone calcification

30-Which one of the following hormone is permissive bone formation:

A)Calcitriol✅
B)Parathyroid hormone
C)Clcitonin
D)Cortisol

31-Which one of the following structure deep to flexor retinaculum:

A)Ulnar artery -
B)Ulnar nerve
C)Tendon of palmaris longus
D)Tendon of flexor pollicis longus✅
32-Which one of the following structure is stabilise shoulder joint:
A)Rotator cuff muscles✅
B)Flexor carpi ulnaris

33-Which one of the following structure is affected when the medial

condyle is fractured:
A)Median nerve
B)Radial nerve
C)Ulnar nerve✅

34-Medial wall of axilla is:

A)Lower 4-5 ribs and intercostal muscles
B)Upper 4-5 ribs and intercostal muscles ✅

35-Posterior surface of axilla is:

A)Pectoralis major
B)Pectoralis minor
C)Subclavius
D)Teres major✅

36-One of the following is part of intermediate muscles of back:

A)Latissmus dorsi
B)Levator costrum✅
C)Trapezius

37-The movemonts of deep muscles of back:

A)Move trunk and back✅
38-The muscles that protraction the pectoral girdle:
A) Trapezius - rhomboideus muscles
B) levator scapulae- rhomboideus
C) Pectoralis minor - serratus anterior✅

39-The capsule is absent anteriorly and replaced by:

A)Quadriceps rendon✅

40-The ivestigation of C5 is occure by:

A)Test abduction of shoulder ✅
B)Test adduction of shoulder

41-Point to test C6:

A)Palmar pad of liitle finger
B)Palmar pad of thumb✅

42-Lateral side of upper limb innervated by:

A-C4,5,6✅
B-C3,4,5
C-C5,6,7

43-Which one of the following bone is articulating surface of hip joint:

A)Lesser trochanter
B)Greater trochanter
C)head of femure✅
44-Complication of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis:
A-columnar cell carcinoma
B-Squamous cell carcinoma✅

45-writing position supported by?

Lumbricals

46- 4 years old diagnosed with rickets, treated by cholecalciferol, which

molecular action most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of drug in
patient disease?
Nuclear receptor

45-patient was diagnosed having potts, infection might occur?

A) primary TB infection of vertebral
B) secondary to primary pulmonary TB infection✅

46-muscles of leg do eversion of foot?

A)gastrocnemius
B) peroneus longus✅
C) soleus
D)Popliteus

47-Bone tumor 2cm formed of interlacing bone trabecular and

intervening fibrovascular strom called?
A) osteoblastoma ✅
B) codman
C) osteoid osteoma
48-Interstitial growth of cartilage is mediated by?
A) Chondrocyte✅
B) Chondrogenic
C) Chondroblast

49-Cut section of chondroma appear?

50- which cells secretory activity is normally linked with tensile strength
of bone?
A) osteoblast
B) osteocyte

51- The structure stained basophilic?

A) calcified cartilage matrix ✅
B) collagen fiber bone matrix
C) cytoplasm of osteoclast

52-Which of the following bone lies on distal lateral side of elbow joint?
Head of radius

53-If the parathyroid hormone falls down from normal level the
Laboratory analysis reveals:
A)Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
B)Hypercalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia
C)Hypocalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia ✅
54-which is the affected muscle in drop wrist?
A)Extensor ✅
B)Flexor digtourm
Middle trunk of brachial plexus is formed from one of the
following:
a. Root of C7
b. Roots of C5 & C6
c. Roots of C8 & T1
d. Roots of T1& T2

Which of the following nerves is considered as a branch of

lateral cordof brachial plexus?
a. Axillary
b. Long thoracic
c. Median
d. Musculocutaneous

Root value of ulnar nerve is:

a. Root of C7
b. Roots of C5 & C6
c. Roots of C8 & T1
d. Roots of T1& C8,C7

THE stage which has no branches is

Root

Trunk

Divisions

Cords

Which of these nerves contains all roots of brachial p

Radial

Ulnar

Axillary

median
1- which muscle of the following produce abduction (0-15) :

A- supraspinatus

B- infraspinatus

C- deltoid

2- which of the following is the insertion of biceps :

A- radial tuberosiry

B- ulnar tuberosiry

C- olecranon

3- area of cartilage charactrised by the presence of high ground substence and

low fibrils :

A- annulus fibrous

B- epiphyseal plate

C- capsular matrix

4- the woven bone is :

A- compact bone

B- lamellar bone

C- immature bone

5- low Ca blood level :

A- decrese excitability

B- increase excitability

6- the main difference between osteomalacia and osteoprosis , that in

osteoprosis :

A- low matrix and normal calcification

B- normal matrix and high calcification

C- normal matrix and low calcification

7- if the PTH fall below normal :

A- hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

B- hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia

8- Sutures of adult skull is :

A- synchondrosis

B- syndesmosis

C- diathrosis

D- synostosis

9- ossification with cartilage templet :

A- enchondral ossification

B- intramembrenous ossification

10- bone collar is :

A- at mid-diaphysis formed by intramembrenous ossification

B- at mid-diaphysis formed by enchondral ossification

11- The __ , appear basophilic when stained by H&E :

A- bone matrix

B- calcified cartilage matrix

C- collagen fibers

12- the action of brachioradialis :

A- extension of arm

B- flexion of arm at midprone position

13- hypothenar muscles supplied by :

A- ulnar

B- radial

14- hydroxyapatite crystals formation helped by :

A- alkaline phosphatase

B- collagenase

15- teriparatide used in treatment of :

A- osteoprosis

B- hypocalcemia

C- hypercalcemia

16- calcitonin used in treatment of :

A- hypocalcemia

B- vit d defecincy

C- osteoprosis

17- drug use in treatment of paget’s disease of bone :

A- calcitonin

B- teriparatide

18- the main hormon that control physiological osteolysis :

A- calcitonin

B- GH

C- PTH

D- TH

19- hormon that antagoniz the effect of PTH:

A- calcitonin

B- GH

20- point to test C6:

A- palmar pad of thumb

B- palmar bad of little finger

21- muscle tested in C5:

A- abductiobn of shoulder

B- adduction of shoulder

22- dimensions of mature skull of infant :

A- 13 inches , 5 inches , 4 inches

B- 11 , 5 , 4

23- the first suture close :

A - forntal

B- coronal

C- sagittal

24- 2nd molar milk teeth:

A - 12 months

B- 24

C- 6

25- protraction of shoulder girdle :

A- pectoralis minor and serratus ant

26- abductiob of shoulder joint ( 0-18 ) :

A- supraspinatus

B- infraspinatus

C- deltoid

27- stability of shoulder joint :

A- rotator caff

B- short head of bi

C- lateral head of tri

D- coracobrachialis

28- wich bone lie in the lateral distal end of elbow joint :

A- capitulum

B- head of radius

29- adductiob of wrist joint :

A- flexor digitorum superficialis

B- flexor carpi ulnaris

30- in all or non rule:

A- minimal stimulus produce maximal response

B- minimal stimulus produce minimal response

31- chronaxie is :

A- time required for excitation when use double rheobase

32- schwann cell is :

A- found in PNS and CNS

B- important for regeneration after nerve damage

33- upper trunk injury cause paralysis of :

A- lattisimud dorsi

B- biceps

34- lower trunk injury cause paralysis of :

A- intrinsic muscles of hand

B- flexors of elbow

35- quadrangular space transmit which of the following :

A- axillary

B- profunda brachii

36- lateral border of cubital fossa :

A- radial nerve

B- brachioradialis

C- pronator teres

37- carpal tunnel syndrome :

A- tingling sensation of the palmar surface of the laterl three and half fingers

B- loss of flexion

38- sulpher granules indicate presence of :

A- actinomyces

39- virulence factor of B. fragilis :

A- polysaccharide capsule

40- Osteomyelitis occure :

A- 2ry infection to 1ry pulmonary TB

B- 1ry infection

41- difference between TB OM

and acute supprative OM :

A- No involucrum

42- best method used in dignosis of osteoprosis :

A- DXA

B- plain radiograph

43- osteopenia in T-score :

A- between -1.0 and -2.5

44- osteoma is a benign bone tumor common in :

A- long bone in the diaphysis

B- long bone in the metaphysis

C- skull and fascial bone

45- benign bone tumor charactrized by presence of bone mass capped by

cartilage :

A- osteochondroma

B- osteoblastoma

C- chondroma

46- bone tumor have genetics base:

A- ewing sarcoma

B- multiple myloma

47- blue cell tumor with no stroma :

A- ewing sarcoma

48- plasmacytoma found in :

A- diaphysis

B- medullary space

C- cortex

49- which of the following hormons have most significant influnce at the first few
months :

A- GH

B- TH

50- The early epiphyseal closure in female due to :

A - estrogen

B- PTH

51-Loading mode in spiral morphology is?

Torsion

52-Greenstick and buckle fracture are

example of?

Incomplete fracture that seen almost only in children

53-stage of natural bone healing

Hematoma formation

Soft callus formation

Hard callus formation

Remodeling

54-scaphoid x-ray

55-medial epicondyle x-ray

56-acromion x-ray

57-most important predisposing factor in osteomyelitis (children)?

Presence of septic focus & hematogenous spread

(!‫
)صيغة السؤال تخريف بس كذا الجواب إن شاء ا‬

58-osteomyelitis occurs in:

Metaphysis of long bone

59-which of the following layer of back move the upper extremities ?

A-Lower layer

B-Deep layer

C-Superficial layer

D-Intercostal

60-The muscles of intermediate layer of the muscles of the back is

A-Serratus anterior

B-Levator costrotum

C-Pectoralis major

D-Pectoralis minor

61-The muscles which move trunk and back is?

A-Deep group

B-Lower layer

C-Upper layer

62-Posterior relation of apex of axilla is one of the following:

A-Subclavius

B-Intercostal muscles

C-First cervical vertebra

D-Upper border of the scapula

63-Posterior axillary fold of axilla is formed by

A-Biceps

B-Coracobrachialis

C-Pectoralis major

D-latissimus dorsi and Teres major

64-Axillary artery arises at:

A-Inner border of second rib

B-Outer border of first rib

C-Outer border of pectoralis major

D-Medial border of pectoralis minor

65-Brachial artery arises at:

A-Upper border of rhomboids minor

B-Outer border of pectoralis minor

C-Inner border of teres major

D-Lower border of teres major

66-Medial end of dorsal venous arch gives:

A-Basilic

B-Brachial

C-Axillary

67-the medial wall of axilla is formed by:

A-Serratus ant &coracobrachialis

B-Serratus ant& subscapularis

C-Trapezius & upper four ribs

D-Serratus ant& upper four ribs

68-Stimuli A& B both more the threshold stimuli that last for one second, but
stimulus A is stronger.. which of the following is true:

A the AP that produced by both are identical in size & duration

B AP produced by A will be of longer duration

C AP produced by A will be larger

D only A can produce AP

69- Increase in Bone thickness by GH in bone modeling involve:

A ostebalst& osteoclast in the same site

B ostebalst on the inner surface of bone while

osteoclast on the outer surface

C ostebalst on the outer surface of bone while osteoclast on the inner surface

70-the second bicuspid erupt at:

A 10 year

70-patient given a cholecalciferol which of the following is true about the

mechanism by which the drug can achieve the therapeutic activity:

A cholecalciferol- activated vit D receptor complex bind to DNA

B cholecalciferol- activated vit D receptor complex bind to RNA

C calcitriol-activated vit D receptor complex bind to DNA

71-which muscle extent all joints of little finger:

A-extensor carpi ulnaris

B-extensor digitorum

C-extensor digiti minimi

72- clostridium perfringens produce:

A lecithinase

B enterotoxin

73- Lateral side of UL innervated by:

A-C4,5,6

B-C3,4,5

C-C5,6,7

74-cacitonin produce its therapeutic activity by:

A-inhibit osteoclast activity

B-stimulate osteoblasts

75- a spaceman with low bone density caused by:

A-decrease gravity

B-activate osteoclast

76- lunate x-ray

77-glenoid x-ray

78-on x-ray medial epicondyle is ossified which of the following structures should
be visible:

A-trochlea

B-radial head

C-olecranon

A man is admitted to hospital by stabe wound in the front of

the right chest. The wound does not enter the chest. Physical
examination reveals that the patient cannot flex his right
shoulder. Which of the following muscles most probably
injured?

a. Pctoralis major
b. Brachialis.
c. Brachiradialis.
d. Palmaris longus
e. Pronator teres

From the above injured muscle the site of its insertion is one
of the following:

a. Lateral lip of biceptal groove

b. Middle of medial border of humerus
c. Medial supra condylar ridge
d. Front of shaft of humerus
e. Front of lesser tuberosity

From the above injured muscle the other movement could be

lost at the shoulder is:

a. Adduction
b. Abduction
c. Supination
d. Extension
e. Lateral rotation

A man riding a motorcycle hit a wet spot in the road, lost

control, and was thrown from his bike. Subsequent physical
examination revealed that he had tear in the back of right
arm and he cannot extent his right shoulder. Which of the
muscles would you expect to be injured?

a. Teres major
b. Coracobrachialis
c. Pronator teres
d. biceps
e. Extensor digtorum

Following the above injury, which of the following movements of the

arm at the elbow would you expect to be totally lost?
 a. Adduction
b. Abduction
c. Flexion
d. Extension
e. Pronation

During a fight a man is stabbed in the front of the right arm.

The wound does not enter the bone. Physical examination
reveals that the patient cannot flex his right elbow. Which of
the following muscles most probably injured?

a. Biceps
b. Flexor carpi radialis
c. Flexor digitorum superficialis
d. Palmaris longus
e. Pronator teres

From the above injured area of the arm, the muscle most
probably could be injured beside the above muscle is:

a. Brachialis
b. Brachioradialis
c. Serratus anterior
d. Pectoralis minor
e. Teres minor

A man suffers from a penetrating wound through the

anterior surface of the left forearm with inability of flexion of
wrist.

Which of the following muscles most probably injured?

a. Brachialis
b. Brachioradialis
c. Flexor digitorum profundus
d. Anconius
e. Pronator teres

Following the above injury, which of the site the injured

muscle might be inserted?

a. Terminal phalanges
 b. styloid process
c. Hook of hammat
d. Bisiform
e. Radial fossa

A man suffers from a penetrating wound through the

posterior surface of the right forearm with inability of extend
of his medial four fingers.

Which of the following muscles most probably injured?

a. Brachioradialis muscle
b. Extensor carpi radialis longus
c. Extensor carpi ulnaris
d. Extensor digitorum
e. Extensor indices

Following the above injury, which of the site the injured

muscle might be inserted?

a. Biceptal groove
b. Lesser tuberosity
c. Medial epicondyle
d. Phalanges
e. Radial fossa
1-The most important nerve in the hand is
Median

Ulnar

Radial

Anterior intterosseus

Posterior interosseus

2-The main nerve supply for the muscles of the hand is

Median

Ulnar

Radial

Anterior intterosseus

Posterior interosseus

3-All of these structures attached to extensor expansion

except
Dorsal interossei

Palmer interossei

Lumbricals

Extensor indicis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

4-One of these muscles does not belong to thenar muscles

Adductor pollicis

Flexor policies brevis

Abductor policies longus

Abductor policies brevis

5-One of these muscles may be absent

Palmaris brevis

First dorsal interosseus

Lumbrical

Pronator quadrates

6-The nerve supply of adductor policies is

Median

Ulnar

Radial

Anterior intterosseus

Posterior interosseus

7-THE middle finger has all of the following except

Extensor expansion

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

Only one dorsal interosseus attached to it

8-Writing position means

Flexion wrist

Flexion interphalangeal joints

Flexion metacarpophalangeal joint

Extension interphalangeal with flexion of metacarpophalangeal

9-The most powerful extensor at metacarpophalangeal joint is

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor digitorum

Lumbricals

Extensor indicis

10-thumb has all of the following except

Extensor expansion

Long flexor tendon

Long extensor tendon

Two plalanges

11-First dorsal interosseus space is occupied ventrally by

First dorsal interosseus

First palmer interosseus

Adductor policies

Opponens pollicis

12-First dorsal interosseus space is occupied dorsally by

First dorsal interosseus

First palmer interosseus

Adductor policies

Opponens pollicis

good luck
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‫عوض ا‪%‬سمري
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‬ ‫حمود الشريف‬
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Spataro

Bone MCQs

Histology:

The outer covering of each bone, made from fibrous connective tissue, is called
the __.

A) epiphysis

B) diaphysis

C) articular cartilage

D) periosteum

-D-

Inside the epiphyses of each long bone, mostly __ can be found.

A) compact bone

B) spongy bone

C) cartilage

D) yellow marrow

-B-

Compact bone is made up of _ cemented together.

A) osteocytes

B) perforating canals

C) osteons

D) trabeculae

-C-

Which of these statements is not true about intramembranous bones?

A) They begin with a cartilage model.

B) They form between flat sheets of connective tissue.

C) Skull bones are formed in this way.

D) Osteoblasts deposit new bone along blood vessels within the layers.

-A-

Physiology:

Which one of the following is highly potent for PHT secretion?

* A) Plasma Calcitonin level

* B) Plasma Calcium level

* C) Plasma Na level

* D) Plasma K level

-B-

Which one of the following is the major structural protein in bone?

* A) Albumin

* B) Collagen

* C) Globulin

* D) Conjugated protein

-b-

Which one of the following hormones has no effect on the body growth?

* A) GH

* B) Thyroxine

* C) Vasopressin

* D) Insulin

-c- ADH

Which one of the following substances inhibits the osteoblast activity specially in
growing children?

* A) PHT

* B) Thyroxine

* C) Corticosteroids

* D) Prostaglandin E2

-c-

During the First few months the hormones that affect the growth most significantly
is:

* A) TH

* B) Sex hormone

* C) GH

* D) Estrogen

-A-

Which one of the following stimulate bone resorption ?

* A) IL-1 and IGF-I

* B) IL-6 and TGF-b

* C) PGE2 and IL-6

* D) A and B

* E) None

-c-

In case of Osteomalacia the level of Vit.D and PTH are:

* A) High Vit.D and Low PTH

* B) High Vit.D and Low PTH

* C) Low PTH and Low Vit.D

* D) High PTH and Low Vit.D

-d-

Pharmacology:

Which one of the following drugs is true regarding to osteoporosis treatment?

* A) Teriparatide

* B) Prednisone

* C) Na edetate

* D) Zolendronate

The 2nd activation of Vit.D occurs in:

* A) Liver

* B) Kidney

* C) Small Intestine

* D) Bone marrow

Which of the following drugs used for Paget’s disease of bone ?

* A) Calcitonin & Alendronate

* B) Calcitriol

* C) Alfacalcidol & Etidronate

* D) Vitamin D-2

If We injected PTH in high dose that may induce:

* A) Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts

* B) Only Osteoclasts

* C) Only Osteoblasts

* D) None

Biochemistry

Daily requirement of Calcium:

* A) 0.001 kg /d

* B) 1kg/d

* C) 0.1 g/d

* D) 1mg/d

1 g or 0.001 kg

Reabsorption of most Calcium occurs in :

* A) PCT

* B) DCT

* C) Small intestine

* D) Liver

Which of the following states induces the PTH level?

* A) Pregnancy

* B) High Ca level

* C) High Vit.D level

* D) A and C

* E) None

Reabsorption of 10% of Ca under influence of PTH occurs in :

* A) PCT & DCT

* B) DCT

* C) Just PCT

* D) None

MSK QUESTIONS

1- whats the common flexor origin ?

front of medial epicondyl

2- which muscles participate in respiration?

- levatores costarum, serratus posterior superior and inferior

3- which muscles are present deep to the back?

- splenius
- erector spinae
- transverso-spinalis

4- What’s the difference b/w acute and chronic osteomyelitis?

-presence of granuloma with casation in chronic
- No bone formation (involucrum) in chronic

5- what's the most common source of infection?

- through the blood stream

6- common site of osteomyelitis?

- metaphysis of long bones

7- A condition in which TB. osteomyelitis effects the lumbar spine?

- Potts disease

8- virulence factor of B. fragilis?

- polysaccharide capsule

9- Most common drug used for treatment of Bacteroides fragilis?

- metronidazole and clindamycin

10- what's a common bone fracture in childern ?

- Green stick

11- Green stick fracture seen in?

- children

12- spiral fracture result from what force/load?

- tortion force

13- what stimulates the release of PTH?

- decreased ca in blood (hypocalcemia )

14- which hormone inhibits release of PTH?

- vit.D (-ve feedback)

15- what stimulate the release/activation of vit.D?

- PTH

16- A patient suffering from Vit. D deficiency and liver

failure, what form of vit. D should be given to the patient?
-1,25 (OH)2 D

17- chronaxie time for the following nerves is:

nerve A = 5mm
nerve B = 6mm
nerve C = 7 mm
nerve D= 8mm
which nerve has the fastest response/ highest excitibility?
-Nerve A

18- The minimal stimulus strength that cause a response?

- Rheobase

19- what's the difference b/w osteopenia & osteoporosis?

- osteopenia is pre-osteoporosis
- both have low bone mass density
but osteoporosis is more severe
and bones become brittle

20- At the age of 5 years how many & what ossification centers are seen?
- 3 bones : capitellum, radial head, internal epicondyle


21- what is the last ossification centers to be seen?

- external epicondyle

22- What’s the 1st ossification seen in the x-ray?

- capitellum

23- what are the views used for skeleton x-ray?

- ant.post
- lateral
- oblique

24- The views used for chest ×-ray?

- post. Ant.

25- At 1 year and half of age, how many teeth are there?
-16 teeth

26- At 1 year of age how many teeth are seen?

-12 teeth

27- At the age of 15 how many teeth are seen?

- 28 teeth

28- At 19 years old how many teeth are seen?

-28 to 32

29- A time needed by *2 rheobase to excite the nerve?

- chronaxie