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File type: Research report
Topic: Application of Artificial Intelligence in Construction Project Management
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Deadline: 12th July

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Artificial Intelligence Methods in Construction Industry – A Survey – IJERT

Contents
Abstracts ........................................................................................................................................ 3
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Background .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.1 Main aim........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2.2 The project's objective ................................................................................................. 6
2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................................... 7
3. Research methodology ............................................................................................................ 12
3.1 Research philosophy ......................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Research approach ............................................................................................................ 12
3.3 Data collection Methods.................................................................................................... 13
3.3.1 Primary data collection .............................................................................................. 14
3.3.2 Secondary data collection .......................................................................................... 14
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Construction Project
Management

Abstracts
1. Introduction
1.2 Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the reproduction of human intellectual functions by machines,

particularly computer systems. Expert systems, natural language processing, speech
recognition, and computational modeling are some exemplifications of special AI
operations. On the whole, a vast volume of pre-trained models is frequently ingested by AI
systems, which also examine the data for correlations and patterns before employing these
structures to anticipate implicit issues1. Calculation analysis is used by artificial
intelligence to carry out conditioning that would generally need human intellect. Still, it
works significantly more briskly and with far more advanced situations of perfection. A
supplier's digital toolkit now includes artificial intelligence in construction operations due
to this new capability. The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has been around for a
while. Gradually, AI is becoming a part of our daily lives, through instant
recommendations in hunting machines and bus-focus in phones, to robotic receptionists at
shopping complexes and vehicle navigation systems2.

Design construction administration entails planning and managing every stage of the
project, from inception to completion. The construction sector has several difficulties that
have stifled its expansion and resulted in incredibly low product volumes when compared
to other sectors like products3. Lack of proper digital chops and technological advancement
within the structure and construction assiduity has been linked to cost inconsistencies,
product detentions, poor quality prosecution, inaccurate judgement, and incorrect product,
good, and security results. The American Construction Management Association (CMAA)
claims construction directors (CMs) are responsible for supervising a design's whole
construction process, whether it be the structure of a train, airfield, a medical university, a
sports colosseum, or some other kind of structure. By exercising contemporary operation
approaches, design operation is the art of managing and organizing people and productive

1
https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
2
https://www.hcltech.com/technology-qa/what-are-the-advantages-of-artificial-intelligence
3
https://study.com/academy/lesson/construction-project-management-definition-examples.html
 coffers over the duration of the design in order to meet set targets for compass, budget,
schedule, trust ability, and party fulfillment4.

The foundation of artificial intelligence is data. This data, which was gathered throughout
numerous distinct structural systems and at various stages of the design product lifecycle,
offers precious and applicable information for operations exercising artificial intelligence.
Every stage of construction design benefits from artificial intelligence. The structure's
development and casing depends heavily on the construction request, which has been
blamed by a group of scholars for having been under digitization and for failing to
completely embrace artificial intelligence as a force for effectiveness. The construction
industry is on the verge of a digital transformation, thanks to the acceptance and
development of robotization styles such as machine literacy and artificial intelligence. The
current work procedures will be disintegrated by this new business model, which will also
open up a lot of opportunities for the sector5. Despite its current difficulties, AI has yet to
significantly ameliorate the structure sector. Every step in the construction efficiency
product chain will be affected by AI, including budgeting, probing, engineering, and cost-
slicing6. With numerous procedures and approaches in systems like virtual sidekicks and
chatbots, the use of AI in construction design operations is anticipated to have a largely
salutary and more significant function in the long term7.

1.2 Objectives
1.2.1 Main aim

This study's major aim is to learn as much as possible about artificial intelligence and its
uses in building project management. Additionally, the proposed research aims to
determine the construction industry's best usage of artificial intelligence. This study's

4
https://www.smartsheet.com/content-center/best-practices/project-management/project-management-
guide/construction-project-management
5
https://asana.com/resources/construction-project-management
6
https://www.autodesk.com/autodesk-university/class/Enhancing-Construction-Project-Management-
Through-AI-2018
7
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352710221011578
motivation is to show how artificial intelligence may be a powerful ally in project
management and planning for building projects.

1.2.2 The project's objective

1. To research and evaluate the use of artificial intelligence in the organization and
administration of building projects.

2. To analyze the applicability of AI and its relevant fields that are now being used in the
construction sector.

3. To determine the possibilities for further Ai technologies in the construction sector.

4. To investigate the state of project management methods at the moment in the

construction sector.

5. To research, analyze, and explain the justifications for a wider application and better
accomplishment of AI for planning building projects.

6. To determine the obstacles to digital innovation in the construction sector,

7. To recommend methods for businesses to more effectively embrace and use AI for use
in the planning and administration of building projects.

Furthermore, it is believed that this work may impact future research on artificial
intelligence into related areas and has potential for the project construction and production
business.
2. Literature Review

According to the research8, selecting the proper government group for an undertaking can
be hard and risky, especially for huge production projects. According to the primary
sources, combining the 3 predominant pillars of "the government’s participation,"
"manufacture and broadcasting initiatives," and "leveraging the product" is vital for
ensuring the board's survival. As consistent with the study report, the gear can be utilized
in 4 specific areas: venture interchanges the board, venture threat the board, venture
acquisition the board, and incorporation the board. In a paper given to the character library,
the five areas of the challenge board are investigated. It has been observed how companies
are using the usage of automatic reasoning and programming in this discipline as beneficial
gear for evaluating and contrasting traditional development and the leaders' drawing close
plans.

According to the report9, the construction sector is evolving as a result of digital

technologies. On a local, a state, and a global scale, construction is strategically important.
The architectural, design, and construction sector are now dealing with significant
commercial and scientific developments, problems, the spread of IT, and the effective
perpetration of sustainable ways. The development of current developments, ways, and
inventions, such as IoT, ICT, Big Data, Robotics, Interoperability, interruption, bifurcation,
block chain technology, and supply chain operation, is immaculately deposited to prop up
the construction assiduity. The development of a cooperative and intertwined terrain for
construction operations has a lot of potential because of the advancements in personal
computing, AI, and the internet of effects. The use of this slice-edge technology has a huge
impact on adding profitability to the structure. Also, this post continues our previous
network grounded on "current rudiments in the digitization of either managing systems,
construction contractors, or construction sectors together with construction companies."
This study proposal will aid in understanding the change and pave the way for future
research in this field.

8
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/5.0070908
9
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926580508001581
As per the report10, engineering safety policy as it has traditionally been rehearsed is
changing significantly against the background of the digital age. Big data and artificial
intelligence technologies are being used in construction design and safety operations. The
operation of big data, artificial intelligence, and analysis of the literature in construction
safety operations is still in its early stages, particularly in applied exploration people safety
operations where literature is scarce. An assessment and overview of the prevailing
monitoring and assessment of the different systems in construction engineering safety
operation, as well as the configuration of grounded on artificial intelligence construction
safety related products of complex data network structure, which enrich and enhance
construction point safety of directorial practices, are included in this evaluation of the
discovery and application of engineering and construction safety operations under the
confluence of big information and artificial intellectual capability.

According to the study11, the disciplines of structural engineering and the construction
business require an upgrade for the data gathering, evaluation, and analysis with the new
idea of Construction 4.0. For data procurement, administration, and execution, the area of
civil engineering makes excellent use of augmented intelligence and its different
disciplines. This study concentrated on how artificial intelligence (AI) and its fundamental
precepts and techniques can be integrated with the developing fields of construction
management and how it is reshaping the construction industry by using in the key areas of
observing integrity of the structure, assessing damage, and building services. To discover
and resolve conflicts between the various models produced by the various teams, the
business leverages ml algorithms in the form of Intelligence creative models. This reduces
the need for maintenance.

The author of the research12 suggested the use of a deep literacy- grounded AI technology
in construction operation system modeling in order to probe the use of AI technology in
this field. The construction progress trust ability control system's model is erected
grounded on BIM after the 3 D reconstruction deep literacy model is enforced (erecting

10
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=99474
11
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1950/1/012062/meta
12
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/am/2022/5602842/
information model). The 4dbim model's structure procedure is also explained, and the
construction approach is introduced. Data information for the construction schedule
trustability control system is handed by the model's construction. The S- wind comparison
approach is also used to achieve the three functional modules of progress monitoring,
progress trustability early warning, and progress vaticination. Case simulation is also used
to explain how the system operates. This system model aids in enhancing the progress
responsibility control position of construction companies and prepares for software
development. This paper investigates the use of deep literacy-grounded artificial
intelligence technology in the modeling of a structure construction operation system,
starting with the schedule planning and schedule control subsystems. The findings
demonstrate that this technology may significantly increase the efficiency of the schedule
for erecting construction. It has significant advancements over current operating ways in
terms of simplicity of use and handling charges. It also encourages the use of artificial
intelligence during the structuring process.
According to the author of the report13, in the design of assiduity, construction and
modularization stand out and are having a developing impact in propelling human progress.
The utilization of man-made reasoning and advanced mechanics (AIR) is broadly
surrendered as being important to totally profit from pre-assembled and particular designs,
in spite of the fact that it has not yet been totally dug into. Through a careful investigation
of the writing and the activity of the origination system esteem philosophical casing, this
study looks to inspect understood unborn investigation prospects on AIR for pre-assembled
and secluded structures. The Trap of Science and Scopus data sets were utilized to
definitively recognize 97 diary papers that have been distributed. The paper likewise
recommends five headings for unborn investigation and practices coordinated AIR for
enormous scope modularization, multi-layered plan activity, astute post construction
activity, interdisciplinary and interoperability, and moving past particular outcomes. The
ends and hypothetical establishment ought to help unborn investigation and tasks nearby.

According to the research14, the improvement of man-made consciousness (AI) has

diminished the requirement for human mediation in various redundant and rule-based
positions. The labor force of a development task can be fundamentally influenced by AI.
A task director might find it helpful to utilize AI strategies to deal with both the planning
and monetary pieces of an undertaking. Wasteful expense the board and following
methodology are the central concerns that building project chiefs manage. The need for
AI-put together arrangements with respect to building locales stems for the most part from
this. The reason for this study is to decide the way that AI might be utilized to control the
time and expenses of an Indian structure project. A significant AI-based strategy for
diminishing costs in building projects is knowledge robots. Development projects likewise
face different hardships that could altogether affect how they are carried out, for example,
social obstructions, high support costs, and the shortfall of information standards that are
something similar across all ventures. As per the exploration, ANN, SVM, relapse, and
numerous other AI-based AI devices are helpful appliances used in building activities to

13
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CO.1943-7862.0002324
14
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9761027
supplant different tedious cycles with contemporary innovation. The main source of
venture cost and timetable intrusion is development delays. As indicated by this review, it
has been shown that utilizing AI, especially the ANN model, could decrease the potential
for development ventures to be postponed and botched.
3. Research methodology
3.1 Research philosophy

The survey was planned to collect industry evaluation on how well man-made thinking is
seen and used, and whether it is conventional and reliable for managing a design project.
A study was proposed to record the respondents' responses. Examination of the point is
finished in both a subjective and quantitative manner15. Subjective exploration agrees that
the profound and serious need The ontological explanation is that every eccentricity
contains a couple of genuine variables rather than a single reality. There is a utilization of
the subjective method of exploration since each individual experiences reality surprisingly.
They each see, interpret, and experience what is happening or characteristic of interest from
a clever point of view, making the emotional system concentrate on significant. Here the
exploration connects with the members to learn about the characteristics of premium. The
expert partakes in powerful participation in the concentrate by teaming up with individuals
and examining observations, opinions, contemplations, convictions, suspicions, and direct.

The positive outlook prompted the quantitative investigation to improve. The positivist
point of view highlights "insight, objectivity, assumption, and control" extraordinarily.
This exploration is finished to do whatever it takes not to have individual convictions and
predispositions impact the revelations of the survey. The researcher ought to perceive or
make a methodology or instrument to overview the characteristics of a premium while
remaining unbiased to the assessment. The highlight or perspective of quantitative
assessment is normally thick and reductionist, inferring that rather than focusing on the full
thing, it will be isolated into its component parts and a short time later investigated. In this
report's research, control is central in quantitative investigation to recognize and restrict
the issue and to zero in on limiting the impact of unnecessary or external factors that are
not the survey's fundamental fixation. To affirm that the audit revelations fittingly address
reality and that the findings may be summarized, control, instrument, and quantifiable
examinations are used in this report research.

15
https://research-methodology.net/research-philosophy/
 3.2 Research approach

This report implies mixed research method in which researchers gather and examine both
quantitative and qualitative data for a single study16. To more readily fathom the
connections or errors among subjective and quantitative information, here mixed
approaches has been applied. This approach makes no endeavors to manage contact and on
second thought it accumulates information through top to bottom discoursed, diary
keeping, extensive meeting, delayed perception, and center gathering meetings to get
experiences into these abstract real factors. As already mentioned, qualitative and
quantitative research approach is used in thus research report. Throughout this research
approach, researcher have provided participants the chance to speak out and share their
experiences. They have also promoted several lines of inquiry that add to the body of data
and help questions get more in-depth answers. Illustrative, exploratory, equal, and settled
(implanted) plans are among the few plan classes remembered for this review. Through a
corresponding procedure that expands the qualities of every information type and
empowers a more exhaustive comprehension of medical problems and expected
arrangements, blended technique approaches have empowered specialists to utilize
different strategies, joining inductive and insightful reasoning, and counterbalancing
constraints of solely quantitative and subjective exploration. The technique sequence has
been properly linked with the objectives of the study, logically articulated, and flowed.
This research has been used because of the way that it empowers the scientist to get a
profundity and broadness of data on a specific issue while offsetting the blemishes that
either procedure alone would have.

3.3 Data collection Methods

16
https://www.slideshare.net/grovervijayk/research-approach
3.3.1 Primary data collection

The primary data for the research were gathered through a survey of construction workers. We
also did a face-to-face interview with the managers of the field to get the exact information on the
application of artificial intelligence in project management. For the collection of the data, more
than 45 workers were interrogated. Our team member assisted them to learn about the survey and
interview and our objective behind this data collection. After the agreement of all respondents, the
data collection process was started.
Survey

The purpose of the survey was made clear and attainable to the workers; otherwise,
engagement would drop off. Multiple-choice questions were included in the survey to help
elicit a variety of viewpoints, which thus offer additional depth than with a simple yes or
no. The survey didn’t take much time since it was made short so as not to bore the
respondents. A survey of only the workers at the construction sites was taken in order to
get the high accuracy of the data.

Interview

Experts and informants were interviewed for the data collection. We interviewed two
project managers in that field, one equipment operator and one architect. Interview
questions were made clear to the respondents with no doubt for smooth operation. An open-
ended question was asked without going to their personal information. Only information
related to the AI and construction industries was asked for.
3.3.2 Secondary data collection

Through the case study and literature reviews, secondary data from several illustrious
studies and publications was gathered. The internet was used to get all of the secondary
data. We narrowed down the secondary sources of data and examined and acquired all of
the material that was previously accessible from sources that were compatible with the
research. Before putting the data together in a manner that may be used, we first verified it
for duplication.
4. Data Analysis and Findings
4.1 Data Analysis
The survey for the research was done among various respondents who belonged to the
diversified domain of work. The respondents were from engineering, infrastructure, consulting

firm, Technology, Real Estate and many more backgrounds.

Fig.: Domain of work of the survey respondents

Majority of respondents were from engineering background followed by the Infrastructure
background.

4.1.1 Results of the AI related Information

The awareness among the respondents regarding the AI and its concept were satisfactory. The
majority of the respondents rated for 3 and 4.
 Fig.: Rating the awareness of the

Figure 1: Rate of Artificial Intelligence awareness on a scale of 1-5

The above bar chart depicts the awareness of artificial intelligence among the general public. A
total of 50 respondents was given to scale their awareness on a scale of 1-5. From the diagram, it
can be observed that 9 respondents were highly aware of the AI in construction industry while
only 2 respondents were least aware about it.

Figure 2: Utilization of AI in construction work

A highest percentage of respondents, 44% had never seen AI being used in the construction work,
at the same time 36% of them had, which shows that the use of the AI is rapidly growing in the
21st century. At least people are aware of the potential use of AI even though they have never seen
AI being used in person.

Figure 3: Thoughts on the application of AI in construction work

As per the given pie chart, most of the respondents, 44% of them believed that the application of
AI in the construction simplifies the overall work. Meanwhile, only 8% of them were sceptic about
AI application, 22% believed AI makes work even difficult, and 26% of them presumed it is a
must-have for more other useful applications.
In the survey of this research, the respondents were asked to mention the application of AI that
they have observed in the construction industry. Some of them assumed that there is no any
application while some replied, there were no AI being used in their respective fields. The other
respondents answered that they have observed AI being used in modelling robots at conferences,
monitoring health, checking safety of sites, CNC cutting, monitoring AI-powered CCTVs, home
automation, and designing of concrete structures initial phases. Furthermore, some of them had
seen within the survey industry such as aerial and ground surveys, scanning devices, creation of
3D models, analysis of construction data sets and risks, and to track the location of employees and
machinery equipment of the company.

Figure 4: AI Penetration in the construction industry

Again, on the scale of 1-5, the respondents were asked about how much AI has penetrated in the
constructed industry. Most of the respondents believed that the AI has been penetrated in the small-
scale in this industry. 28% of the respondents were neutral to the question while only 10% of them
believed that AI has been introduced in this industry at a high-scale.
 Figure 5: History of company's use of AI at work
The above pie chart helps to show that the use of artificial intelligence in the industries are in just
at the starting point. More than a half percentage of the respondents i.e. 56.3% never had AI used
in their work place. Some of the company had encompassed artificial intelligence for 3 to 5 years
and only 12.5% had just started its usage, a year ago. Only few of the companies were observed to
have exceeded 5 years with AI's usage.

4.1.2 Analysis of application areas of AI in construction PM

Figure 6: Influence of AI implementation on the cost and project duration in

Construction Project
Among the 50 responses, majority of the respondents thought that there was moderate influence
of the AI implementation on the cost and project duration. While minority of respondents thought
there were less to no any influence of its implementation.
 Figure 7: Influence of AI application on the auto detection of problems and issue on the
site
Similar to that of the AI's influence on cost and project duration, majority of the respondents
assumed that there was moderate influence of AI application on the auto detection of problems
and issue in the site.

Figure 8: Influence of AI implementation on contract management

As per the above pie chart, it can be observed that 30% and 28% of the total respondents presumed
that there was a visible to moderate effect of AI implementation on managing contract. It depicts
that the AI plays a significant role in the process of managing contracts.
 Figure 9:Influence of AI implementation on Structure Valuation
The given figure shows that 32% of the total 50 respondents believed that there was a high
influence of AI implementation on structure valuation while an immense lower percentage i.e. 6%
only believed that there were no any effects from its implementation.

Figure 10: Influence of AI implementation on Safety Management

The above diagram of pie chart aids to suppose that the AI implementation for the management of
safety plays a significant role in the construction works. Answerer’s response show that they
presumed that there is remarkable influence of AI on safety management of the all factors of the
construction. The highest rate i.e. 34.7% of the respondents thought that there was a moderate
influence on the safety management caused due to the implementation of AI.
 Figure 11: Influence of AI implementation on Logistics Management
A total of 50 responses were asked about the influence of impacts of AI implementation on the
management of logistics where the majority of them supposed its moderate impacts while only 2%
of them supposed no any impacts on it.

Figure 12: Influence of AI implementation on forecasting demand

The majority of the respondents (32%) thought there was a visible impacts of AI implementation
on forecasting the demand, some believed there was a high influence (30%), some moderate
influence (24%), and rest thought little to no any impacts.
 Figure 13: Influence of AI implementation on time effectiveness
The large percentage i.e. 42% believed that there is a huge impact of implementation of AI on time
effectiveness. Very less percentage of the respondents saw no to little impact of AI usage.

Figure 14: Influence of AI implementation on Cost Effectiveness

The respondents who thought there was a high influence of the AI implementation on cost
effectiveness outranked the respondents who thought less to no any influence by 22%. The other
rest percentage of the respondents believed in moderate to visible influence only.
 Figure 15: Influence of AI implementation on competitive advantage for a company
36.7%, the highest percentage of the respondents assumed that there was a huge impact of AI
implementation on competitive advantage of any company or organization. 28.6% and 22.4%
believed moderate and noticeable impacts of AI usage respectively.

Figure 16: Influence of AI implementation on Planning, Analysis, and Scheduling

Almost half of the respondents (44%) trusted that there was a significant impact of AI
implementation on planning, analysis, and scheduling phases of construction works. While there
was no any respondent who thought there was no any impact of its enactment.
 Figure 17: Influence of AI implementation on Site Layout
The repliers who supposed that there was high and moderate influence of AI implementation on
site layout together formed half percentage of the total survey. While another quarter of the
respondents believed in the detectable impacts on site layout in construction project.

Figure 18: Management of long and large data

In the total of 49 responses, more than a half of the people answered that the long and large data
are managed via pictures and artificial intelligence while the rest (49%) answered via traditional
method; paper and checklists.
4.1.3 Impact analysis of AI in Construction Management

Figure 19: AI and machine learning models in estimating the activity duration
More than a half percentage of the total 49 respondents believed that the artificial intelligence and
models of machine learning helped to some extent in the estimation of activity durations in the
construction project and its management. The percentage of the respondents who thought they had
great impact was slightly less than that of the 51%. Some of the respondents also believed that
there was no any assistance from the AI and machine learning codes in the project management.

As per another survey was executed in order to analyze any threats imposed by the application of
AI in Construction Project Management. Some of the threats answered by the respondents are
numerous trial and errors due to unused method of application, legal and moral issues, entire
dependency on computer outputs, occasional incorrect outputs, requirement of extremely high cost
and budgets, security issues based on privacy, lack of job opportunities to humans, and challenges
in training staffs in a short period of time. Meanwhile, some of the respondents were not aware of
any threats since they had never used it firsthand.
 Figure 20: Difficulty reasons in the AI and machine learning implementation
The majority of the respondents, exactly 50% of them believed that the underdeveloped concept
of AI among the construction workers and personnel was the major challenge of implementation
of AI and machine learning. Then, the second and third crucial challenges were expected to be due
to the expensive price of the technologies and vague reliability of technology.

Figure 21: Impact of AI on work domain

On the scale of 1 to 5, the total 49 respondents were asked to answer the impact of AI on their
domain of work. Majority, 14 respondents selected the scale of 4 to indicate the impact of AI,
while minority, 7 of them selected 1 scale for the indication of AI impacts on the work domain.
 Figure 22: Prevention of cost overruns by the AI application
More than a half of the respondents believed that there was no any prevention of cost overruns
with the application of AI in their work. 12.2% of them were unsure about the prevention problem
while 14.3% believed that cost overruns were prevented to some extent.

4.2 Explanation of Findings