CAVITATION APPARATUS

1. OBJECTIVE:
of the cavitation.
To observe the phenomenon

AIM:
cavitation condition
theoretical cavitation number at
To compare the actual and

3 INTRODUCTION:
Such a vapor
cavities in the flowing liquid.
Cavitation is the formation
and collapse of vapor
where the iocai pressure
is reduced to that of
in the fiowing liquid
cavity can form anywhere these locations some of
at the temperature of the flowing liquid. At
the liquid vapor pressure on the
Cavitation is likely to occur
to form bubbles or cavities of vapor.
the liquid vaporizes well above the surface
if the pump is situated at the level
inlet side of the pump particularly to
and prevention of damage
tank. For the sake of good efficiency
of the liquid in the supply
should be avoide.
the impeller, cavitetion

A THEORY:
local increase in the velocity as in eddies and
Low pressure zone can be produced by a

Collapse of the vapor will begin when

vortices or by an overall reduction in static pressure.
where the local pressure is higher than the vapor pressure.
they are moved into the region
and extensive erosion
these cavities may produce objectionable noise, vibration
Collapse of
bubble collapse. In corelating
of the boundary material in the region of the
or pitting
called the
a useful parameter
is the dimensionless grouping
equipment performance data,
calculated
Cavitation Number, which may be
as:

Oc 50*10

5. DESCRIPTION:
5. of
been designed to demonstrate the phenomenon
The present experimental set-up has
diversion scction.
soction having conversion and
cavitation. It consists of a test

CAVITATION APPARATUS
 a control
provided. This test section is having
FTessure tapings at appropriate position are
connected to
gauges are
valve at upstream side to regulate the water flow rate. Two pressure
test section. The
the tapings which give the pressure readout at the
flow passing through the

measuring tank and centrifugal

pump.
unit is self contained close circuit type with sump tank,

6.
6. UrLITIES REQUTRED:

15 Amp socket.
6.1 Electric Supply: single phase, 220 V AC,
6.2 Water Supply: +nitiai Fii.

6.3 Floor Drain.

6.4 Stop Watch.

7. ExPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Starting Procedure:
free from Dusi.
7.i Ciean the appaaius and make ii

7.2 Torelease the air from test section,

start water supply at to maximum flow.
at the
Section with the.help of Valve provided
7.3 Regulate Flow of water through Test
end of Test Section.
low rate of water by Measuring Tank and Stop
7.4 Otserve the condition and measure
Watch provided.
7.5 Note the pressure at the two points of the test section.
number.
7.6 Calculate the actual and theoretical cavitation

8. SPECIFICATION:
Material Acrylic, throat Dia-.
T'est Section
Pressure Gauge Bourdon type, of compaible capacity.
Water circulation Through pump.
Sump Tank Material SS.

Measuring Tank Material SS.

The whole set-up is well designed and arranged in a good quality painted struchre.

9. OBsERVATION & CaLcULATION:

A biopm2
= 2 mm
d
= 19 mm
d2

CAVITATION APPARATUS
 Pw 1000 kg/m
Pv mm of Hg

OBSERVATION TABLE:
t(sec) Condition
Sr. No.
Pi, Kg/cm| Pamm of Ri (cm) Ra (cm)
observed
hg

CALCULATION:

R 100
m
AxR
Discharge ()= m'/sec
Area:

a =d,m

a2d,m
Velocity

V m/sec

V2 m/seca2

Theoretical Cavitation Number:

(P 10

CAVITATION APPARATUS
 Actual Cavitation Number:

(P2x10

CALCULATION TABLE:

Sr. Q Vi, V2 Oc ConditionCondition

No. (m/sec) (m/sec) (m/sec) Calculated observed

Theoretical condition for cavitation, o«o

10. NoMENCLATURE:
A Area of measuring tank, m
a1 Area of pipe, m*
a-Area of throat of venturi meter, m*
d-Diameter of the pipe, m.
d:-Diameter of throat of venturi meter, m
p Pressure at inlet of test section, kg/cm?
p-Pressure at throat of test section, mm of Hg.
p-Vapor pressure of flowing liquid, mm of Hg.
Q.Discharge, m'/s
RI- Final level of water in measuring tank, cm
R2-Initial level of water in measuring tank, cm
R-Rise of water level in measuring tank, m
t Time taken for R (sec).
Vi- Velocity of the fluid at inlet of test section, m/s.

CAVITATION APPARATUS
 V2 Velocity of the fluid at throat, m/s
p Liquid density,kg/m
Actual Cavitation number
G-Theoretical cavitation number
11. PRECAUTIONS & ManNTENANCE INsTRUCTIONS:
10.1 Always keep apparatus free from dust.
10.2 Always use clean water.
drain the apparatus completely.
103 fapparatus is not in use for more than one month,
12. TROUBLESHOOTING:
and rotate thc shaft manually.
11.1 fpump gcts jam, opcn the back cover of pump
15 minutes and avoid closing
11.2 Ifpump gets heat up, switch offthe main power for
the flow control valve and by pass valve at a time.

13. REFERENCES:
Streeter, Wylie, "Fluid Mechanics", P403-406 1st SI Metric ed., McGraw Hill, NY, 1981,

P 403-406.

CAVITATION APPARATUS 6