CHE 301 Transport phenomenon

Homework 9

Mansour Alajmi

Problem 1: Momentum and thermal BL thickness

Consider the following fluids at 300 K flowing over a flat plate with velocity of 1 m/s:

Atmospheric air, water, engine oil, and mercury

For each fluid, look-up (by researching) the transport properties of interest and estimate the
momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses at a distance of 40 mm from the leading edge
(i.e., beginning of the plate).

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑲, 𝑽 = 𝟏 𝒎/𝒔

N.B. Fluid properties were gathered from Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook

1. Air
𝐾𝑔
1.1. 𝜌 = 1.177
𝑚3
𝐾𝑔
1.2. 𝜇 = 1.846 × 10−5
𝑚.𝑠
𝐽
1.3. 𝐶𝑝 = 1004.9 𝐾𝑔.𝐾
W
1.4. 𝐾 = 0.0262 m.K

2. Water
𝐾𝑔
2.1. 𝜌 = 996.6 𝑚3
𝐾𝑔
2.2. 𝜇 = 0.853 × 10−3 𝑚.𝑠
𝐽
2.3. 𝐶𝑝 = 4183 𝐾𝑔.𝐾
W
2.4. 𝐾 = 0.5981
m.K

3. Engine Oil
𝐾𝑔
3.1. 𝜌 = 884 𝑚3
𝐾𝑔
3.2. 𝜇 = 0.486 𝑚.𝑠
𝐽
3.3. 𝐶𝑝 = 1910 𝐾𝑔.𝐾
W
3.4. 𝐾 = 0.139 m.K
 4. Mercury
𝐾𝑔
4.1. 𝜌 = 13529
𝑚3
𝐾𝑔
4.2. 𝜇 = 1.523 × 10−3 𝑚.𝑠
𝐽
4.3. 𝐶𝑝 = 139.3 𝐾𝑔.𝐾
W
4.4. 𝐾 = 8.54 m.K

General momentum boundary layer equation General thermal boundary layer equation
𝛿 1 𝛿𝑡 1
~ ~ 1/3
𝑥 √𝑅𝑒 𝛿 Pr

Where:
𝜌𝑉𝑥
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
𝜇𝐶𝑝
𝑃𝑟 =
𝐾
Species Reynolds Number Momentum boundary layer thickness

Air 1.177 × 1 × 0.04 𝛿 1

𝑅𝑒 = ~
1.846 × 10−5 0.04 √2550.38
1
𝑅𝑒 = 2550.38 𝛿~0.04 ×
√2550.38

𝛿~7.921 × 10−4 𝑚

Water 996.59 × 1 × 0.04 𝛿 1

𝑅𝑒 = ~
0.853 × 10−3 0.04 √46733.4
1
𝛿~0.04 ×
𝑅𝑒 = 46733.4 √46733.4
𝛿~1.85 × 10−4 𝑚

Engine Oil 884 × 1 × 0.04 𝛿 1

𝑅𝑒 = ~
0.486 0.04 √72.757
1
𝛿~0.04 ×
𝑅𝑒 = 72.757 √72.757
𝛿~4.689 × 10−3 𝑚

Mercury 13529 × 1 × 0.04 𝛿 1

𝑅𝑒 = ~
1.523 × 10−3 0.04 √355325
1
𝛿~0.04 ×
𝑅𝑒 = 355325 √355325
𝛿~6.71 × 10−5 𝑚
Species Prandtl Number Thermal boundary layer thickness

Air 1.846 × 10−5 × 1004.9 𝛿𝑡 1

𝑃𝑟 = −4
~
0.0262 7.9206 × 10 0.70691/3

𝑃𝑟 = 0.7069 𝛿𝑡 ~8.89 × 10−4 𝑚

Water 0.853 × 10−3 × 4183 𝛿𝑡 1

𝑃𝑟 = ~
0.5981 1.85 × 10−4 5.971/3

𝑃𝑟 = 5.97 𝛿𝑡 ~1.02 × 10−4 𝑚

Engine Oil 0.486 × 1910 𝛿𝑡 1

𝑃𝑟 = ~
0.139 4.689 × 10−3 66781/3

𝑃𝑟 = 6678 𝛿𝑡 ~2.49 × 10−4 𝑚

Mercury 1.523 × 10−3 × 139.3 𝛿𝑡

~
1
𝑃𝑟 = 6.71 × 10−5 0.0251/3
8.54

𝑃𝑟 = 0.025 𝛿𝑡 ~2.3 × 10−4 𝑚

Problem 2: Estimating Shear Stresses and heat fluxes across a BL

Engine oil at 100 C and a velocity of 0.1 m/s flows over both surfaces of a 1-m-long flat plate
maintained at 20 C. After looking up the transport properties of interest, estimate:

(a) The momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses at the trailing edge (i.e., at the
end of the plate)

𝑇𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 100℃ = 373 𝐾

𝑉𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 0.1 𝑚/𝑠

𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 = 20℃ = 293 𝐾

𝑋 =1𝑚

The average temperature is calculated in order evaluate the fluid properties at this temperature as
follows:

𝑇𝑠 + 𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 =
2
293 + 373
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 =
2

𝑻𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑲

Engine Oil @𝑻𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝑲

𝐾𝑔
𝜌 = 864.2
𝑚3
𝐾𝑔
𝜇 = 0.074
𝑚. 𝑠
𝐽
𝐶𝑝 = 2034
𝐾𝑔. 𝐾

W
𝐾 = 0.14
m. K

General momentum boundary layer General thermal boundary layer

equation equation

𝛿 1 𝛿𝑡 1
~ ~ 1/3
𝑥 √𝑅𝑒 𝛿 Pr
 Where:

𝜌𝑉𝑥
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇

𝜇𝐶𝑝
𝑃𝑟 =
𝐾
Species Reynolds Number Momentum boundary layer thickness

864.2 × 0.1 × 1 𝛿 1
𝑅𝑒 = ~
0.0744 1 √1161.6
Engine oil
𝑅𝑒 = 1161.6 𝛿~0.0293 𝑚

Species Prandtl Number Thermal boundary layer thickness

0.0744 × 2034.4 𝛿𝑡 1
𝑃𝑟 = ~
Engine oil 0.14 0.0293 10811/3
𝑃𝑟 = 1081
𝛿𝑡 ~2.859 × 10−3 𝑚

(b) The local heat flux and surface shear stress at the trailing edge (you may assume a
linear variation of velocity and temperature across the boundary layer).

The local heat flux is calculated as follows:

𝑞 ′′ = ℎ × (𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓 )

Where:

𝜕𝑇
−𝐾𝑓 ×
𝜕𝑦
ℎ=
𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓

𝜕𝑇
ℎ × (𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓 ) = −𝐾𝑓 ×
𝜕𝑦
 (𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆)

100 − 99 100 − 99
ℎ × (20 − 100) = −0.14 × ( ) = −0.14 × ( )
𝛿𝑡 2.859 × 10−3

Therefore:

𝑊
ℎ = 0.612
𝑚2 𝐾

Finally:

𝑞 ′′ = 0.612 × (293 − 373)

𝑊
𝑞 ′′ = −48.97
𝑚2

The surface shear stress is calculated as follows:

𝜕𝑉𝑥
𝜏𝑦𝑥 = −𝜇
𝜕𝑦

(𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚)

0 − 0.099 0 − 0.099
𝜏𝑦𝑥 = −0.0744 × ( ) = −0.0744 × ( )
𝛿 0.0293
𝑁
𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 0.251
𝑚2