CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION
Civil Engineering
- profession of designing and executing
structural works that serve the general public
- Earliest practices may have commenced
between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt
and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq)
Imhotep
- first documented engineer, built the famous
stepped pyramid for King Djoser at Saqqara
Necropolis.
- biggest contribution in engineering was his
discovery of the art of building with shaped
stones
- First examples of scientific approach in
physical and mathematical problem applicable to
civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in
the 3rd century BC
Vitruvius De Architectura
- written around 15 BC by Roman architect
Vitruvius
- a treatise on architecture published at 1 AD in
Rome
- details engineering education in ancient times
- dedicated to Emperor Caesar Augustus as a
guide for building projects
CIVIL ENGINEERING
- term was first used in the 18th century to
distinguish the newly recognized profession
from military engineering
- May have began as a separate discipline in the
foundation of the bridge and highway corps in
1716 in France
- Books from the corps became standards works
on mechanics of materials, machines, and
hydraulics
- Design and calculation replaced rule of thumb
and empirical formulas – nonmilitary engineers
took the front stage
John Smeaton
- first self-proclaimed civil engineer
- constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse
formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil
engineers in 1771
Smeatonian Society of Civil engineers in 1771
objective:
- bring together experienced engineers,
entrepreneurs, and lawyers to promote the
building of large public works
- secure the parliamentary powers necessary to
execute their schemes
Institution of Civil Engineers
- world’s first engineering Society was founded
in London in 1818
Thomas Telford
- Eminent engineer became the first president in
1820
- received Royal Charter in 1828 and Civil
Engineering was formally recognized as a
profession
- The charter defines Civil Engineering as “Civil
Engineering is the application of physical and
scientific principles and its history is intricately
linked to advances in understanding of physics
and mathematics throughout history. Because
civil engineering is a wide ranging profession,
including several separate specialized
subdiscipline, its history is liked to knowledge
of structures, material science, geography,
geology, soil, hydrology, environment,
mechanics and other fields.”
THE First's of Civil Engineering in US
Norwich University
- founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge,
- first private college to teach civil engineering
in the United states
Rensselaer Polytechnic institute
- first degree in Civil Engineering in the US
awarded in 1835
Nora Stanton Blatch
- first woman to be awarded the degree in 1905
at Cornell University
THE FIRST’s of Civil Engineering in Europe
King’s College, London
- first taught civil engineering in 1838
University of Glasgow, Scot
- first chair of civil engineering and mechanics
was founded by Queen Victoria in 1840
CIVIL ENGINEERING in the Philippines
18th and 19th centuries
- Filipino ‘engineers’ were assigned the task of
maintaining, repairing and/or remodeling
infrastructure systems in all “pueblos” including
churches and government buildings
MAESTRO DE OBRA (MASTER BUILDER)
- equates to today’s construction foreman
- Filipinos were never regarded as civil
engineers even if they have the capability to
design due to social prejudice of being an indio
- Only architects/ engineers with academic
degrees were Spaniards
- Usually called by the illustrados to build
structures in villas and mansions
1900’s
Foundation of LICEO de MANILA
- A private institution offering academic course
for maestro de obras
- Headed by Leon Ma. Guerrero • The
forerunner of formal education in architecture/
engineering
Reinforced concrete was introduced
- used in the construction of the Masonic
Temple (Grand Lodge of the Philippines)
- First multistructure in Escolta, Manila
Escuela de Ingeneria y Arquitectura
- was established in 1904
- Offered a five-year course in architecture and
civil engineering
- Ceased operation after a year • Reopened in
1908 and offered a three-year course for
architecture, civil engineering and electrical
engineering
- Closed again in 1912
1907
- Faculty of Engineering of University of Santo
Tomas (UST) was established as School of Civil
Engineering
- The oldest engineering school in the
Philippines
- Offered leadin degree of Master of Science in
Civil Engineering (MSCE) - Earliest batch of
students were conferred their MSCE degrees in
1912
- Headed by Don Ramon Irureta Goyena
- The college was patterned after the University
of Havana in Cuba
University of the Philippines
- Appointed WJ Colbert as acting Dean of
College of Engineering in 1930
- Created the College of Engineering
- A four-year course leading to the degree of
Bachelor of Science with an additional degree of
Civil Engineer upon completion of an extra year
was approved
US occupation
- Most civil engineers came from America
Engineers and Architects Law
- Act No. 2985 was passed on February 23 1921
- Created separate Board of Examiners for Civil
Engineering and Architecture
- Allowed Filipinos to practice as Architects and
Engineers because of their experience as
Maestro de Obras during the Spanish Period
Act Number 4211
- Enacted on August 2, 1935
- Permits under-aged persons to take board
exam, and not practice until they reach the age
of 21
National Assembly Bill No. 1850
- Enacted in 1938
- Statutes for the practice of architecture from
engineering separated by law
Civil Engineering Law (RA 544) and Architect’s
Law (RA 545)
- Both passed in 1950 separating the
Architecture from Civil Engineering
- Both was further amended by RA 1582 and
1581 respectively in 1956
RA 1080
- Was enacted on 1954
- Made bar and board exam (passers) are
equivalent to first-grade civil service eligibility
Contractor’s License Law (RA 4566)
- Was enacted on June 19, 1965
- Regulates constructions
National Building Code of the Philippines (PD
1096)
- Was signed by President Ferdinand Marcos on
19 February 1977 together with its IRR
National Structural Code of the Philippines
- Was published by the ASEP
- Latest 7th edition was released in 2015 which
was based from UBC 2009
Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE)
- Was formed by a group of civil engineers from
the government sector
- The first civil engineering organization in the
Philippines
- Engr. Marcial Kasilag was its first president
- Holds the PRC registration Number 1 for Civil
Engineers
Philippine Association of Civil Engineers
(PACE)
- Formed from a group of civil engineers in the
private sector in 1937
- Engr. Enrique Sto. Tomas Cortes was its first
president
- More active than PSCE, led transfer of PSCE
members to PACE
Both organization were similar with each
other; OBJECTIVE: Elevate the standards of
the profession, encourage research and
engineering knowledge and technology, foster
fellowship among members, and promote
interrelation with other technological and
scientific societies”
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers, Inc
(PICE)
- Issued SEC Registration Certificate NO. 53896
on December 11, 1973
- Merged PSCE and PACE through the efforts of
PACE president Engr. Cesar A. Caliwara
Association of Structural Engineers of the
Philippines (ASEP)
- Was founded in September 30, 1961
1960’s
- The Philippines produced top architects and
engineers
- Shortage of local projects resulted in influx of
architects and engineers migrating to the US and
Europe
- Inexpensive labor and proficiency in English
made them attractive to hiring developed
countries
PRESENT
- The average salary for a Civil Engineer is Php
22,574 per month in the Philippines
(indeed.com)
- Considered one of the most in-demand
professions in the country
PRACTICES AND CAREERS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERS
Specializations and Careers
1. Construction and Project Management
- Oversee a building project from start to finish -
- Coordinates all different professionals involved
in the project includes but not limited to;
architects, electricians, plumbers, financiers.
- Uphold and comply with safety and
environmental standards (local and national)
- Takes into account the amount of time and
money a project needs for completion
2. Structural Engineering
- focuses on creating a unique and aesthetically
pleasing design to a bridge or building
- Determines which building materials are used
and how the skeleton of the structure is
assembled
- Ensures that buildings or other structure can
support their own weight as well as the weight
of those who will be using it
- Calculates the load that a structure is likely to
encounter
3. Geotechnical Engineering
- involves investigating and understanding what
is beneath the ground’s surface
- Considers the stability of the soil and
underlying rock on which a project is build
- Also considers the soil’s chemical composition
- examines how infrastructure will interact with
the ground and other natural elements
- factors in local geography and which building
materials will work best with a particular climate
- identify environmental risk factors that could
negatively affect the completion and structural
soundness of infrastructure
- evaluate the subsurface soil and use tests to
discover the right building materials to use in
conjunction with the soil type
4. Water Resources Engineering
- primarily responsible for studying water and its
effect on the infrastructure
- tackles the planning, development, and
management of water resources
- covers the estimation of water resource in a
region and the water inflow so that new
structures can be built
- focuses on ways to re-direct water flow in
flood-like situations, proper storage water
through construction of dams
- focuses on ways to re-direct water flow in
flood-like situations
- Uses engineering techniques to transmit
groundwater and construct necessary waterways
used for both rural and urban setting
5. Transportation Engineering
- Applies technology and scientific principle to
planning, functional design, operation and
management of facilities for any mode of
transportation
- Provides safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable,
convenient, economical and environmentally
compatible movement of people and goods
- Includes Highway Engineering and Traffic
Engineering
6. Environmental Engineering
- concerned with protecting people from the
effects of adverse environmental effects
- often focus on hydrology, water resources
management, bioremediation, and water and
wastewater treatment plant design
- Focuses on creating project that sustain or
improve environment they exist
OTHER CAREERS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ACADEME
- Teach in universities principles and theories in
Civil Engineering
RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT
- Focus on developing new technologies and
innovation to improve quality of civil
engineering applications
CODES & SOCIETIES OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS
CIVIL ENGINEERING LAW (CE 544)
- governs the practice of civil engineering in the
Philippines
- INCLUDES services in the form of:
- consultation, design, preparation of plans,
specifications, estimates,
- erection, installation and supervision of the
construction
- streets, bridges, highways, railroads, airports
and hangars, portworks, canals, river and shore
improvements, lighthouses, and dry docks;
- fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection,
drainage, water supply and sewerage works;
- demolition of permanent structures; and
tunnels
NATIONAL BUILIDING CODE (PD 1096)
- Revised version of RA 6541
- Under section 102 : Declaration of Policy “It is
hereby declared to be the policy of the State to
safeguard life, health, property, and public
welfare, consistent with the principles of sound
environmental management and control; and to
this end, make it the purpose of this Code to
provide for all buildings and structures, a
framework of minimum standards and
requirements to regulate and control their
location, site, design quality of materials,
construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance.”
NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
- Was created by the Association of Structural
Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP)
- Need for up-to-date structural codes addressing
design and installation of building structural
systems through requirements emphasizing
performance
- Based on numerous international codes and
standards such as but not limited to UBC, IBC,
ASCE, ACI
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND
MATERIALS (ASTM)
- An international standards organization that
develops and publishes voluntary consensus
technical standards for wide range of materials,
products, systems and services
- Commonly used in the Philippines for material
testing
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE
HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION
OFFICIALS (AASHTO)
- Standards setting body which publishes
specifications, test protocols, and guidelines
used in highway design and construction
throughout the US
- Adopted by the DPWH - recognized organization of Structural
Other adopted codes by the Philippines Engineers of the Philippines. Established in
- American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 1961
- American Concrete Institute (ACI) - known for its publications like the different
-United States Geological Survey (USGS) volumes of the
Philippine Agencies Standards and Codes - National Structural code of the Philippines, •
DTI – BPS the approved referral codes of the Philippine
- Bureau of Product Standards National Building Code
DPWH – BRS
- Bureau of Research and Standards
PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS (PICE)
- professional organization for civil engineers in
the Philippines
- formed by merging two separate organizations
of civil engineers:
- government sector (PSCE) and the the private
sector (PACE)
- Formed in 1937 to provide CE’s with values
and canons to live by as professionals
- Current President is DR. ERDSAN RENE S.
SUERO
PICE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
Civil engineers uphold and advance the
integrity, honor and dignity of the civil
engineering profession by:
1. using their knowledge and skill for the
enhancement of human welfare and the
environment;
2. being honest and impartial and serving with
fidelity the public, their employers/employees
and clients;
3. striving to increase the competence and
prestige of the civil engineering profession; and
4. supporting the professional and technical
societies of their disciplines.
PICE FUNDAMENTAL CANONS
1. Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the
safety, health and welfare of the public and shall
strive to comply with the principles of
sustainable development in the performance of
their duties.
2. Civil Engineers shall perform services only in
areas of their competence.
3. Civil Engineers shall issue public statements
only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Civil Engineers shall act in professional
matters for each employer or client as faithful
agents or trustees and shall avoid conflicts of
interest.
5. Civil Engineers shall build their professional
reputation on the merit of their services and shall
not compete unfairly with others.
6. Civil Engineers shall act in such a manner as
to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity, and
dignity of the civil engineering profession.
7. Civil Engineers shall continue their
professional development throughout their
careers and shall provide opportunities for the
professional development of those civil
engineers under their supervision.
ASSOCIATION OF STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES (ASEP)