CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION MODULE 1

Imhotep - first documented engineer, built a famous stepped pyramid

for King Djoser located at Saqqara Necropolis

Qanat water - the oldest older than 3000 years and longer than 71 km,
management
system

Machu Picchu - built at around 1450, at the height of the Inca Empire is
considered an engineering marvel.

- It was built in the Andes Mountains assisted by some of

history’s most ingenious water resource engineers.

Vitruvius' De - was published at 1AD in Rome and survived to give us a look

Architectura at engineering education in ancient times.

- written around 15 BC by the Roman architect Vitruvius and

dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a
guide for building projects.

18th century - the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things
civilian as opposed to military engineering

The National - first engineering school in France, was opened in 1747

School of Bridges
and Highways

John Smeaton - The first self-proclaimed civil engineer who constructed the
Eddystone Lighthouse

1771 - Smeaton and some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian

Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the
profession who met informally over dinner

1818 - the world's first engineering society, the Institution of Civil

Engineers was founded in London

1820 - Thomas Telford became its first president

1828 - Institution of Civil Engineers received a Royal Charter in

1828, formally recognizing civil engineering as a profession.

Norwich University - The first private college to teach Civil Engineering in the
United States founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge
1835 - The first degree in Civil Engineering in the United States was
awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

1905 - The first such degree to be awarded to a woman was granted

by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch

Philippine Institute - This organization aims to build a strong foundation among all
of Civil Engineers Civil Engineers in the Philippines.

December 11,1973 - PICE was issued a certificate of registration to culminate and

fulfill the vision to merge the two separate organizations in the
country, Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) and
Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE).

Philippine Society - was the first Civil Engineering organization in the country
of Civil Engineers formed by a group of Civil Engineers mostly from the
(PSCE) government sector and was headed by Engr. Marcial Kasilag
who holds the 1st slot in the PRC Registry of Civil Engineers.
PSCE was formed during the late twenties.

1937 - another group of Civil Engineers came and formed the

Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE).

Enrique Sto. - led the said PACE and was the first president of the
Tomas Cortes organization

PACE - to ascend the standards of the profession, inspire research

OBJECTIVES and engineering knowledge and technology to members,
foster good fellowship among members, and promote better
relationships and communication with other technological and
scientific societies.

Cesar A. Caliwara - exerted more effort to merge the two organizations, calling
both panels of representatives to convene and commence a
series of conversations to make a new and united
organization that will benefit the entire Civil Engineers and
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) came and
formed.
PICE Objectives - aims to conscientiously advance the interest and promote the
and Goals welfare of members, promote prestige and public awareness
of the profession, and enhance social responsibility and
community involvement of Civil Engineers

- also observes integrity, professionalism, excellence, social

responsibility and leadership as their core values that must be
developed and exercised among the members of the
organization

Civil Engineering - is designed to prepare graduates to apply knowledge of

curriculum mathematics, calculus-based physics, chemistry, and at least
one additional area of basic science

BSCE Curriculum - has a total of 188 credit units usually completed with eight
of (BatStateU) (8) semesters and two (2) Midterm classes. BatStateU –

BSCE has five (5) options of tracks/ specializations

namely:

- Structural Engineering

- Construction Engineering and Management

- Water Resources Engineering

- Geotechnical Engineering

- Transportation Engineering

Program - 1. successfully participate as partners in nation-building in

Educational engineering projects involving structural, geotechnical, water
Objectives resources, transportation and construction

- 2. adhere to professional, moral, and ethical standards in the

practice of civil engineering

1.2 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATIONS

main objective of - is to safeguard the profession of translators and

CIVIL Engineering interpreters; to promote among its members the principles
associations of professional competence and decorum by organizing
interpreting market and providing information on the Civil
Engineering profession
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO)
American Concrete Institute (ACI)
 American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
American Welding Society (AWS)
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
Institution of Engineers (India) [IEI]
International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical
Engineering (ISSMGE)
Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors(ICES)

LOCAL CIVIL Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers(PICE)

ENGINEERING Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines(ASEP)
ASSOCIATIONS Philippine Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical
Engineering(PSSMGE)

PROFESSIONS/ CAREERS RELATED TO CIVIL ENGINEERING

Architect a person who plans, designs and reviews the construction of

buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in
connection with the design of buildings and the space within the
site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use
as their principal purpose.

Civil Engineering help civil engineers to plan, design, and build highways, bridges,
Technicians utilities, and other infrastructure projects. They also help to plan,
design, and build commercial, industrial, residential, and land
development projects.

Construction will supervise and manage contractors and laborers at

Manager construction sites. Often they meet with architects, specialized
trade employees, and civil engineers on projects or upcoming
builds. They must address emergencies, work delays, or other
problems that affect the construction project

Environmental use the principles of engineering, soil science, biology, and

engineers chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems. They
are involved in efforts to improve recycling, waste disposal, public
health, and water and air pollution control.

Landscape design attractive and functional public parks, gardens,

architects playgrounds, residential areas, college campuses, and public
spaces. They also plan the locations of buildings, roads,
walkways, flowers, shrubs, and trees within these environments.
Landscape architects design these areas so that they are not only
easy to use but also harmonious with the natural environment.

Mechanical design power-producing machines, such as electric generators,

engineers internal combustion engines, and steam and gas turbines, as well
as power-using machines, such as refrigeration and air
conditioning systems. Mechanical engineers design other
machines inside buildings, such as elevators and escalators.
Electrical engineers designs and develops new electrical systems, solves problems
and tests equipment. They study and apply the physics and
mathematics of electricity, electromagnetism and electronics to
both large and small scale systems to process information and
transmit energy.

Surveyors update boundary lines and prepare sites for construction so that
legal disputes are prevented.Surveyors make precise
measurements to determine property boundaries. They provide
data relevant to the shape and contour of the Earth's surface for
engineering, mapmaking, and construction projects.

Civil Engineering and Society and Other Professions

What is Civil ● Civil engineering is the oldest and quintessential

Engineering? engineering profession
● Civil engineering is the design and construction of public
works, such as dams, bridges and other large infrastructure
projects.
● It is one of the oldest branches of engineering, dating back
to when people first started living in permanent settlements
and began shaping their environments to suit their needs

What do ● A global vision and approach to problem identification and

engineers need to problem solving in areas such as infrastructure,
know? environment, facilities, and systems
● A basic management knowledge base in areas such as
business, resources, personnel management,
communication skills, costs and value judgments, and time
management
● A solid foundation in personal and inter-personal attributes
ethics.
● An involvement with engineering practice as the formal
education evolve

Civil Engineering ● supervise project construction and maintenance must

Basics Knowledge possess a very broad skill set, from cost accounting to
geology
● Many civil engineers have jobs that require a very
hands-on role in construction, while others may have
positions more heavily weighted toward supervisory and
administrative skills

Civil Engineering ● should have a level of Mathematics and Physics that allows
Basics Technical for the identification and solving of engineering problems
Skills ● be skilled in design techniques and working with maps,
drawings, and models, as well as CAD software
 ● to be able to predict any possible future problems and find
solutions for them
Math skills
● Civil engineers use the principles of calculus,
trigonometry, and other advanced topics in mathematics for
analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work
Tests of Building Materials
● A good civil engineer should have proper knowledge of
different tests of building materials. e.g.: Concrete Test:
Slump test, compression test, split tensile test, soundness
etc.
Investigation of soil
● Various soil tests are conducted to determine the settlement
and stability of soils before starting construction. So as a
civil engineer, you should have enough knowledge of these
tests which are performed at the site
Uses of Surveying Instruments
● Usages of surveying instruments like the total station,
theodolite, etc. are also mandatory knowledge for every civil
engineer. These instruments are used for marking and
measurement.
Standard Codes Used In Construction
● Every country has its standard safety specifications (e.g.:
NSCP,NBCP) for construction-related works. All new
construction should be done by following all the rules and
procedures mentioned in the standard codes. Otherwise, the
chances of failure of a structure will be always high.
Bar Bending Schedule
● The bar bending schedule is an essential chart for civil
engineers and civil engineering basics skill. It provides the
reinforcement calculation of the RC beam such as cutting
length, type of bending, the length of bending, etc.
Drawing and Design
● Drawing and design are the primary keys of an ongoing
project. It provides all the required specifications of that
project. Every site engineer should have the analyzing
power of such drawings and designs.

Managerial Skills ● When problems arise, it is common for people involved in

the project on all levels to look to the engineer for guidance
and resolution. Civil engineers must be able to step up to
the task and manage a diverse team of professionals whilst
maintaining the confidence of clients.
Scheduling
● project scheduling is a core project management skill.
Cost Control
● critical topic for project managers. Those without this skill
will be at a disadvantage because budgets are tight. You
need to show that you can deliver your project within the
cost constraints and by managing the project finances
intelligently.
Risk Management
● The more ‘routine’ the project, the more it is likely to get
outsourced or given to a functional manager who shows an
 aptitude for getting things done. Project managers will work
on the more complex, transformative, unique endeavors that
require decent risk
Contract Management
● is about being able to actively manage that procurement.
Previously many project managers have been able to rely
on their Finance departments to get this sort of work done
(and Legal teams for managing the terms of the deal)
Critical Thinking
● is core to being able to make good decisions. You must
weigh up the pros and cons of solutions to problems before
choosing the right way forward. This is what distinguishes a
project manager who is good at managing issues to
someone who blows issues out of the water every time.
Project Recovery
● showing you know how to turn around a poorly performing
team and the project will certainly set you aside from your
peers.
Task Management
● be able to create a task list, delegate work to others and
keep on top of progress.
Quality management
● ensures that you deliver a product that is fit for purpose.
Unfortunately, project managers often don’t spend enough
time on the quality angle of their projects – it’s one of those
processes and set of tasks that are overlooked as an
administrative overhead
Meetings Management
● Being able to sense when a meeting is going off the rails
and people aren’t paying attention is a key skill for project
managers. It’s helped by sticking to the agenda but it’s also
about being able to read the body language of people in the
room to check that you are getting through the material
quickly and comprehensively.

Leadership Skills ● Civil engineers take ultimate responsibility for the projects
that they manage or research that they perform. Therefore,
they must be able to lead planners, surveyors, construction
managers, civil engineering technicians, civil engineering
technologists, and others in implementing their project plan
Decision-making
● Civil engineers often balance multiple and frequently
conflicting objectives, such as determining the feasibility of
plans regarding financial costs and safety concerns. Civil
engineers must be able to make good decisions based on
best practices, their own technical knowledge, and their own
experience.
Negotiation
● Project managers with good negotiation skills will be an
asset to their teams as they seek to resolve conflicts by
finding the win-win scenarios for everyone.
Organizational skills
● be able to monitor and evaluate the work at the jobsite as a
project progresses. That way, they can ensure compliance
 with the design documents. Civil engineers also often
manage several projects at the same time, and thus must be
able to balance time needs and to effectively allocate
resources.
Problem-solving skills
● Civil engineers work at the highest level of the planning,
design, construction, and operation of multifaceted projects
or research. The many variables involved require that they
possess the ability to identify and evaluate complex
problems. They must be able to then utilize their skill and
training to develop cost- effective, safe, and efficient
solutions.

Communication ● The ability to communicate effectively is a highly sought-

Skills after skill. Whether dealing with Management or a client,
Engineers need to be able to clearly communicate ideas and
give direction leaving no ambiguity. They must also be able
to listen and benefit from the ideas of others in the team

Written communication skills

● From technicians to project managers, civil engineers at
every level need to be able to communicate via written
reports and correspondence concisely.
Oral communication skills
● This entails being able to listen to clients, officials, team
members, and other skilled workers in order to grasp their
concerns and requests effectively. Strong speaking skills are
also necessary for civil engineers when explaining complex
technical information to the people they work and interact
within a concise fashion so that they can easily comprehend
the information being shared.
Business Case Writing
● With the ongoing focus on delivering business value, being
able to write business case (or at least contribute one) will
be a good skill to have.
Sense of Humor
● Getting through your projects largely relies on a good sense
of humor and the goodwill of colleagues prepared to pick up
the slack or wait another 24 hours. An ability to see the
funny side of project management will keep you on an even
keel.

Other Skills Creativity

● the role of Civil Engineers is applying Engineering principles
to develop solutions within the built environment. Often, this
requires a certain level of creativity. Engineers need to be
able to innovate and improve solutions.
Visualization skills
● must be flexible and dynamic in order to identify and resolve
issues before they can become problems. Because there
are so many component parts to large-scale projects, civil
engineers must be able to envision how the
interrelationships change when one or more individual
aspects are changed.
 Critical thinking
● also one of the civil engineering basics skills required for
civil engineers to often overcome the complex problems and
need to find efficient solutions for them. They need to be
able to assess the pros and cons of all possible solutions,
and they need to be decisive in order to choose the best
one.

Roles and ● Civil engineers play an extremely important role in the

Functions of Civil society. They are responsible for maintaining the overall
Engineers safety of society in several ways including rural engineering.
From constructing highways and buildings to bridges and
tunnels, the responsibilities of civil engineers are many.

● Civil engineers are responsible for planning and overseeing

different construction efforts and apply civil engineering
principles to ensure that the constructed structures are safe
and sturdy.

Civil Engineers ● Surveying

main role is in - ● Planning
● Designing
● Estimation
● Executions of structures like
- Buildings
- Roads
- Bridges
- Railways,
- Ports
- Airports
- Dams

Roles of Civil ● To use scientific and engineering principles for solutions of

Engineers different engineering problems
● To solve engineering problems with the help of field
experience, laboratory techniques, mathematical models,
computer and information technology
● To implement management techniques for better
management of man, material, machines and money
● To carry out planning of building as per its functional needs,
as suggested by clients or user. He must plan the building
as per the bylaws.
● To carry out soil investigations for the design of foundation
of structures.
● To carry out principles of structures as per the principles of
structural analysis and design. Ensures that the design is
safe, durable and economical.
● To prepare the estimates to know the probable cost of
completion of work.
● To invite tender and to select contractors for the work.
● To carry out valuation of land or building for the purpose of
finding its sale or purchase price or taxation.
● Civil engineers must work for the general welfare of people.
Functions of Civil Before Construction
Engineering - Feasibility Study
- Surveying
- Site investigation
- Planning
- Design and drawing
- Estimating
- Planning and scheduling

In the beginning technical feasibility, environmental impact

assessment and economical viability of the project are studied.
Surveying includes preparing site plan, contour map and
measurement of field dimensions and level

Soil investigation includes collecting data regarding soil and bearing

capacity of soil.

Based on the collected planning, designing, are carried and

drawings are prepared. Estimates to know the probable cost of
completion of work and detailed planning and scheduling are
prepared to carry out different activities in time without delay.

During Construction
- Dealing with clients. Consulting engineer and contractors
- Execution and supervision
- Quality control
- Costing

Owner, engineer and contractor are the three constituents of a

construction team in the engineering profession, hence continuous
liaison among themselves is very essential for the speedy progress
of the work.

Execution of work is actual construction carried out on the site with

materials and equipment by the skilled and unskilled workforce,
under technical guidance and supervision or engineer in charge.

During construction engineers must supervise the work carried out

as per the specifications for quality control. Costing is the key
procedure in arriving the actual cost of construction

During construction engineers must supervise the work carried out

as per the specifications for quality control. Costing is the key
procedure in arriving the actual cost of construction

After Construction
- Maintenance and Repairs
- Valuation
- After the construction regular maintenance of structures is to
be carried out. Valuation is carried out for the purpose of
sale. Purchase and many others

Construction - Manage construction projects

engineers - Ensuring that they are scheduled and built in accordance
with plans and specifications.
- Responsible for the design and safety of temporary
structures used during construction.
- Oversee budgetary, time-management, and communications
aspects of a project.

Geotechnical - Work to make sure that foundations for built objects ranging
engineers from streets and buildings to runways and dams, are solid.
- They focus on how structures built by civil engineers, such
as buildings and tunnels, interact with the earth (including
soil and rock).
- They design and plan for slopes, retaining walls, and
tunnels.

Structural - Design and assess major projects, such as buildings,

engineers bridges, or dams, to ensure their strength and durability.

Transportation - Plan, design, operate, and maintain everyday systems, such

engineers as streets and highways
- Plan larger projects, such as airports, ship ports, mass
transit systems, and harbors.

Water Resources - concerned with the study of selected topics in applied

engineers hydrology, hydraulics, applied limnology, water resources
systems analysis, water resources, environmental impact
assessment, hydraulic structures, irrigation and drainage.

The work of civil engineers is closely related to the work of

environmental engineers.

How to become a Civil engineers need a bachelor's degree. They need a graduate
Civil Engineer degree and a license for promotion to senior positions. Civil
engineers usually must be licensed if they provide services directly
to the public.

Education for Civil Engineers

- Civil engineers need a bachelor's degree in civil
engineering, in one of its specialties, or in civil engineering
technology.
- Programs in civil engineering and civil engineering
technology include coursework in math, statistics,
engineering mechanics and systems, and fluid dynamics,
depending on the specialty.
- Courses include a mix of traditional classroom learning,
work in laboratories, and fieldwork.
- Programs may include cooperative programs(co-ops) in
which students gain work experience while pursuing a
degree.
- Further education after the bachelor's degree, along with the
PE license and previous experience, is helpful in getting a
job as a manager

Licenses, Licensure is not required for entry-level positions as a civil engineer.

Certifications and A Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows for higher
Registrations for levels of leadership and independence, can be acquired later in
Civil Engineers one's career. Licensed engineers are called professional engineers
(PEs).
A PE can oversee the work of other engineers, approve design
plans, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the
public.
State licensure requires:
● A degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program
● A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE)
exam
● Relevant work experience, typically at least 4 years working
under a licensed engineer
● A passing score on the Professional Engineering (PE) exam
The initial FE exam can be taken after earning a bachelor's degree.
Engineers who pass this exam commonly are called engineers in
training (EITs) or engineer interns (EIs). After meeting work
experience requirements, EITs and EIs can take the second exam,
called the Principles and Practice of Engineering.
Each state issues its own licenses. Most states recognize licensure
from other states, as long as the licensing state's requirements
meet or exceed their own licensure requirements. Several states
require continuing education for engineers to keep their licenses.

What is a A PROFESSION is defined by:

profession?
1. Knowledge - requires formal education, judgment and
discretion that are not routine and cannot be mechanized;
continuing education required
2. Organization - sets standards for admission to profession,
enforces standards of conduct, establishes codes of ethics
3. Public Good - purpose of service and preservation of public
welfare.

What do 1. A global vision and approach to problem identification and

engineers need to problem solving in areas such as infrastructure,
know? environment, facilities, and systems
2. A basic management knowledge base in areas such as
business, resources, personnel management,
communication skills, costs and value judgments, and time
management
3. A solid foundation in personal and inter-personal attributes
ethics 4. An involvement with engineering practice as the
formal education evolves

Desired Attributes 1. Good Communication Skills

of an Engineering 2. Higher ethical standards
Graduate 3. Ability to think critically and creatively; independently and
cooperatively
4. Flexibility
5. Grasp of Engineering Science fundamentals (math,
statistics, physics and life sciences, information
technologies)
6. Good understanding of design and manufacturing processes
 7. Basic understanding of the context in which engineering is
practiced (economics, history, environment, customer and
societal needs)
8. Possess a multi-disciplinary, system perspective Skills in
order of importance (in your career):
- Writing
- Engineering
- business/financial
- personal interaction
- computer

What do Civil First year engineer

Engineers do? - Getting off to a strong start is the key to a successful career
Tips:
- A proper attitude is vital
- Demonstrate maturity by showing you know how much you
DON’T know
- Learn the culture
- Be conscious of making a good impression
- Learn what your boss wants and expects
- Find a mentor to give you advice and help you adapt
What you might do:
- write engineering reports
- call clients and vendors
- perform design calculations, or calculation checks field
work: construction oversight; inspection; surveying
- data analysis
- special trainings

2 - 5 yrs
Environmental Engineer II
● Analyze and review air quality permit applications.
● Incorporate applicable state and federal regulations with
review conclusions to develop draft air quality operating
permits.
● Assist in the writing and review of air quality construction
permits.

5 years as engineer
Business development
- write proposals; talk with industry to develop a relationship
meet with clients
Project engineer
- coordinate the activities of other junior engineers
- decide who will do what?
- delegate check their work training
- specialty workshops to develop new skills
- present work at technical conferences

>10 years as engineer

project manager
- elect a project engineer
- make sure project stays on budget and on time
- interact closely with client to ensure they get what they want
 Quality “value engineering” = “accomplishing a required function at a lower
cost, without any reduction in quality”

1. identify basic and required functions

2. identify secondary and unnecessary functions
3. Determine the cost to worth ratio for each function
4. Look for alternatives in high cost-to-worth areas

Code of Ethics
Fundamental Principles
Civil engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the civil engineering
profession by:
1. using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare and the
environment;
2. being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the public, their employers/employees
and clients;
3. striving to increase the competence and prestige of the civil engineering profession; and
4. supporting the professional and technical societies of their
disciplines.

Fundamental Canons
1. Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall
strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of their
duties
2. Civil Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence
3. Civil Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Civil Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful
agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest
5. Civil Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and
shall not compete unfairly with others
6. Civil Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity,
and dignity of the civil engineering profession.
7. Civil Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers,
and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those civil engineers
under their supervision.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 544:

ARTICLE I

Section 1: Title of the Act shall be known as the “CIVIL ENGINEERING LAW”
the Act

Section 2:Definition
of Terms “Civil Engineer” as used in this act shall mean a person duly
registered with the Board for Civil Engineers in the manner as
hereinafter provided.
 Civil engineering includes services such as:
• consultation,
• design,
• planning,
• construction and supervision for various projects like streets,
bridges, buildings, and infrastructure

Any other work requiring civil engineering knowledge and

application falls within the purview of the law.

Section 3: Board Establishment

Composition of The Board of Examiners for Civil Engineers is to be established
Board within 30 days of the Act's approval.

Composition
The Board consists of a chairman and two members.

Term Length
Board members serve three-year terms.

Oath of Office
Each board member must take an oath of office before assuming
their duties.

Staggered Appointments
Initial appointments are staggered, with one member serving for
one year, one for

Removal Authority
The President has the authority to remove a board member for
various reasons, based on recommendations from the
Professional Regulation Commission.

Suspension During Investigations

During investigations, the President can suspend a board
member, appointing a temporary replacement.

Vacancy Filling
Vacancies on the Board are filled for the unexpired term only,
ensuring continuity in board membership.

Section 4: Powers Board's Powers

and Duties of the The Board for Civil Engineers has several important powers,
Board including administering oaths, granting, suspending, and revoking
civil engineering registration certificates, and issuing recognition
certificates for advanced studies and training.

Investigative Authority
The Board is authorized to investigate violations of the Act and
related regulations. Educational Institution Inspections. The Board
conducts regular inspections of educational institutions offering
 civil engineering courses

Code of Ethics
The Board is responsible for establishing a code of ethics for the
practice of civil engineering.

Director of Public Works as Agent

The Director of Public Works and their authorized representatives
in provinces and chartered cities serve as agents of the Board,
assisting in the enforcement of the Act

Rule-Making Authority
With the approval of the Professional Regulation Commission, the
Board can issue necessary rules and regulations to implement the
Act.

Official Seal
The Board maintains an official seal to authenticate its official
documents and actions.

Section 5: Each member of the Board shall, at the

Qualifications of time of his appointment:
Board Members a) Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
b) Be at least thirty years of age and of good moral character;
c) Be a graduate of civil engineering from a recognized and legally
constituted school, institute, college or university.
d) Be a registered civil engineer duly qualified to practice civil
engineering in the Philippines;
e) Have practiced civil engineering, with a certificate as such, for a
period of not less than ten years prior to his appointment.
f) Not be a member of the faculty of any school, institute, college,
or university where civil engineering course is taught, nor have a
pecuniary interest in such institutions;
g) No former members of the faculty of any school, institute or
university where civil engineering is taught can become a member
of the Board unless he had stopped teaching for at least three
consecutive years.

Section 6: Fees and Fees:

Compensation of The Board for Civil Engineers charges P100 for each examination
the Board application and fifty pesos for each certificate of registration.

Expenses:
All authorized expenses of the Board, including compensation, are
covered by appropriations and paid by the PRC's collecting and a
disbursing officer.

Compensation:
Board members receive fifteen pesos for examining each
 applicant. Government-employed civil engineer board members
receive this compensation in addition to their government salary.

Section 7: Annual The Board must provide the Professional Regulation Commission
Report (PRC) with a detailed report of its activities and proceedings at the
end of each fiscal year.

SECTION 8 All applicants for registration for the practice

of civil engineering shall be required to pass a
EXAMINATION technical examination as hereinafter provided.
REQUIREMENT

SECTION 9 Examination of candidates desiring to practice civil

engineering in the Philippines shall be given in the
HOLDING OF City of Manila of each year, provided that such days
EXAMINATION
do not fall on official holidays, otherwise the
examinations shall be held on the days following.

Article II

SECTION 10. Applicants for certificate of registration as civil engineer shall be

examined, in the discretion of the Board, on the following
SUBJECTS OF subjects: mathematics, hydraulics, surveying and design and
EXAMINATION.
construction.

MATHEMATICS
• Algebra
• Plane and spherical trigonometry
• Analytics
• Descriptive and solid geometry
• Differential and integral calculus
• Rational and applied mechanics

SURVEYING
• Highway and railroad
surveying
• Plane, topographic and
hydrographic surveying, and
• Advance surveying

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF:

• highways and railroads,
• masonry structures,
 • wooden and reinforced concrete
buildings,
• bridges, towers, walls, foundations,
piers, ports, wharves, aqueducts

• sanitary engineering works,

• water supply systems,
• dikes, dams and irrigation and
drainage canals.

ARTICLE III

SECTION 11. The Commissioner of Professional Regulation Commission shall be

EXECUTIVE the executive officer of the Board and shall conduct the
OFFICER OF THE examinations given by the said Board
BOARD

SECTION 12. Any person applying for admission to the civil engineering
QUALIFICATIONS examination as herein provided shall, prior to the date of the
FOR examination, establish to the satisfaction of the Board that he has
EXAMINATION the following
qualifications:

Be at least twenty-one years of age.

Be a citizen of the Philippines.

Be of good reputation and moral character.

Be a graduate of a four-year course in civil engineering from a

school, institute, college or university recognized by the
Government or the State wherein it is established.

SECTION 13. All successful candidates in the examination shall be required to

OATH OF CIVIL take a professional oath before the Board of Civil Engineers or
ENGINEERS other Government Officials authorized to administer oaths, prior to
entering upon the practice of the civil engineering profession

SECTION 14. All registered civil engineers shall obtain a seal of such design as
SEAL AND USE the Board shall authorize and direct provided that:
OF SEAL
• the serial number of the certificate issued by the Board shall
be included in the design of the seal.
• plans and specifications prepared by, or under the direct
supervision of a registered civil engineer shall be stamped with
said seal during the life of the registrant’s certificate, and
• it shall be unlawful for any one to stamp or seal any documents
 with said seal after the certificate of registrant named thereon
has expired or has been revoked, unless said certificate shall
have been renewed or re-issued.

SECTION 15. 1. Registration shall not be required of the

EXEMPTION following persons:
FROM
REGISTRATION Officers or enlisted men of the United States and Philippine Armed
Forces, and civilian employees of the Government of the United
States stationed in the Philippines while rendering civil engineering
services for the United States and/or Philippines.

Civil engineers or experts called in by the Philippine Government for

consultation, or specific design and construction of fixed structures
as defined
under this Act, provided that their practice shall be limited to such
work.

2. Any person residing in the Philippines may make

plans on specifications for any of the following:

Any building in chartered cities or in towns with building ordinances,

not exceeding the space requirement specified therein, requiring
the services of a civil engineer.

Any wooden building enlargement or alteration which is to be used

for farm purposes only and costing not more than ten thousand
pesos.

There shall be nothing in this Act that will prevent any person from
constructing his own (wooden or light material) residential house,
utilizing the services of a person or persons required for the
purpose, without the use of a civil engineer, as long as he does no
violate local ordinances of the place where the building is to be
constructed.

3. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent draftsmen, student

clerk-or-work, superintendents, and other employees of
those lawfully engaged in the practice of civil engineering
under the provisions of this Act, from acting under the
instruction, control or supervision of their employer

4. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent any person who prior
to the approval of this Act have been lawfully engaged in the
practice of “maestro de obras” to continue as such, provided
they shall not undertake the making of plans supervision for
the following classes of work:

• Building of concrete whether reinforced or not.

• Building of more than two stories.
• Building with frames of structural steel.

• Building of structures intended for public gathering or assemblies

 such as theaters, cinemagraphs, stadia, churches, or structures of
like nature.

5. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent professional architects

and engineers from practicing their professions.

Section 16 The Board for Civil Engineers shall not issue a certificate to any
person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal
Refusal to Issue offense involving moral turpitude, or to any person guilty of immoral
Certificate or dishonorable conduct, or to any person guilty of immoral or
dishonorable conduct, or to any person of unsound mind. In the
event of a refusal to issue a certificate to any person, the Board
shall give to the applicant a written statement setting forth its reason
for such action, which statement shall be incorporated in the
records of the Board

Section 17 The Board shall have the power, after due notice and hearings, to
suspend or revoke the certificate of registration for any cause
Suspension and mentioned in the preceding section.
Revocation of
Certificates

SECTION 18 The Board may, after the expiration of one year from the date the
certificate of registration is revoked and for reasons it may deem
RE-ISSUE AND sufficient, entertain an application for a new certificate of
REPLACEMENT registration from the registrant concerned. Such application shall be
OF accomplished in the same form prescribed for examination, but the
CERTIFICATES. Board may, in its discretion, exempt the applicant from taking the
requisite examination

Section 19. Any person desiring to practice the profession of civil engineering
Transitory shall be required to obtain a certificate of registration in the manner
Provisions and under the conditions hereinafter provided.

All civil engineers duly licensed under the provisions of Act

Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, as amended, shall
be automatically registered under the provisions hereof.

Certificates of registration held by such persons in good standing

shall have the same force and effect as though the same have been
issued under the provisions of this Act.

All graduates in civil engineering from a school, institute, college, or

university recognized by the Government who have passed the civil
service examination for senior civil engineer and have been
practicing or employed in the Government as such during five years
are exempted from taking examinations.

SECTION 20 Law officers of levels of government or any

political subdivisions shall enforce this Act and
prosecute people violating such Act.
Section 21 In order to practice civil engineering in the Philippines, one must
have proper certification of registration from the Board for Civil
Engineers unless exempt from registration.

ARTICLE IV

Failure to do so will lead to imprisonment for not less than six

months not more than one year or a fine of not less
SECTION 22. than five hundred pesos or more than two thousand pesos.
PENAL
PROVISIONS Such violations include practicing civil engineering in the Philippines
without proper registration, falsifying or forging evidence,
impersonating a registrant civil engineer, attempting a revoked or
suspended certificate, using connection with his/her name, and
providing an impression that he/she is a civil engineer without a
valid
certificate.

ARTICLE V

SECTION 23. It is unlawful to order or cause the construction, reconstruction, or

PREPARATION OF alteration of any public building or
PLANS AND structure and any other engineering structures unless:
SUPERVISIONS
OF 1. Designs, plans, and specifications have been prepared, signed
CONSTRUCTION and sealed by a registered civil
BY REGISTERED engineer
CIVIL ENGINEER.
2. The construction, and/or alteration are executed under the
responsible charge and direct
supervision of a civil engineer.

Plans and designs for constructions must be approved in

accordance with the law or ordinance of the
municipality, province, or city where the project is to be built.

SECTION 24 Civil engineering practice is a professional service. Admittance is

based on each applicant's own qualifications. No association may
be
registered for the practice of civil engineering. However, properly
registered and licensed as civil engineers and architects may form
and
obtain registration of a firm or association using the term
“Engineers” or
“Engineers and Architects”.

Members are required to be licensed civil engineers or architects.

 Civil engineers shall only render work and services fit for a civil
engineer, and the same goes with architects as defined in the law
regulating the practice of architecture; individual members of such
firms, partnership or association shall be responsible for their own
acts.

SECTION 25. No person who is not a citizen of the Philippines may take the exam
RECIPROCITY unless he/she can show, in the manner stated by the Rules of
REQUIREMENTS Court, that the country of which he or she is a citizen, subject, or
national either admits citizens of the Philippines to the practice of
the same profession without restriction or allows them to do so after
passing an examination on strict and absolute equality with citizens.

SECTION 26. The Commissioner of PRC shall prepare a roster showing the
ROSTER OF CIVIL names and places of business of all registered civil engineers at
ENGINEERS least once a year. When considered essential, the PRC shall
provide copies of this roster to other Bureaus, government
agencies, local and provincial authorities, the Director of Public
Works, all department heads, mayors of cities, and the general
public upon request.

SECTION 27 All laws, orders, or regulations in conflict with the provisions hereof,
REPEAL are revoked, except the provisions of the Act pertaining to the
practice of “maestro de obras.” – master of works

SECTION 28. The other provisions of this Act shall not be affected if any part
CONSTRUCTION or a sectioN of it is found to be unconstitutional.
OF ACT

SECTION 29 This Act shall take effect upon its approval – June 17, 1950
EFFECTIVITY

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CIVIL ENGINEER

Role of a Civil • Designing and Planning

Engineer • Supervision of Construction Projects
• Quality Control and Assurance
• Safety and Compliance

Design, Plan and Planning Stage

Manage - In every infrastructure project, civil engineers meticulously
Infrastructure plan the whole construction process beforehand to ensure
Projects certain factors are met, specifically safety and sustainability.
Design and Preconstruction Stage
- Civil engineers focus on factors such as site layout, grading
(shaping) of the land, and identifying appropriate surface
water management and sewage systems fit for the project.
Construction Stage
- Oversee the construction. They check the quality during
 construction and guarantee that every phase flows smoothly
and is done accurately
Post Construction Stage
- Civil engineers make sure to conduct one last inspection
before wrapping up. Completion details involve finalizing
billing, walk-throughs (a walk-through is when a team of
contractors and architects walk through the infrastructure to
confirm that all the project specifications have been met),
etc. Hence, after accomplishing the final inspection, it is the
responsibility of a civil engineer to prepare a report and label
the construction as complete.

Ensure Safety, Ensure Safety

Compliance and - Identify potential safety hazards during design, construction
Quality Standards and operations
- Adhere to all safety codes and best practices related to
structures, materials, and equipment
- Provide necessary signs, barriers, and emergency exits to
prevent accidents
- Conduct regular safety audits and inspections of sites
- Train workers on safety protocols and the proper use of
protective gears
- Investigate any accidents and recommend corrective actions
Ensure Compliance
- Comply with local building codes, environmental regulations
and other applicable laws
- Obtain necessary approvals and permits from regulating
authorities - Implement standards related to accessibility,
sustainability, and disaster management.
- Maintain documentation of all compliances and permits must
be obtained
- Address any non-compliance immediately to avoid penalties
Ensure Quality Standards
- Follow industry standards and best practices for design,
materials, and construction
- Conduct tests and trials to verify structures, as well as to
meet required structural integrity standards
- Prepare detailed quality control plans and manuals for
projects - Inspect periodically and certify that workmanship
and quality is as per standards
- Get audit of projects done by third parties to ensure
adherence to standards
- Suggest improvements if needed for quality systems and
practices on sites

Collaborate with Who are the stakeholders and what are their roles?
various
stakeholders ● A client - receives the services of a professional individual.
● Engineers - designs and oversees the construction of
infrastructure projects, ensuring that these buildings are safe,
sustainable and suitable with the quality standards.
● Architects - concerned with the aesthetics, functionality and
spatial organizations of a structure.
● Contractors - in charge of the actual construction process,
 directing resources and workforce.
● Regulatory agencies

SPECIFIC DUTIES Site Analysis and Feasibility Study

OF A CIVIL 5 Phases
ENGINEER 1. Site Parameters
2. Programming
3. Site and Building Diagrams
4. Applications
5. Approvals

Engineering Design and Drafting

- allows the engineer to be involved in all stages of the design
process, from conception to presentation of the finished
plans. They prepare mechanical or digital drawings,
diagrams or blueprints and/or models of various products or
structures to guide product makers, architects or construction
personnel in the manufacture, implementation or building
process (often with computer-aided drafting (CAD))

Material Selection and Procurement

This process involves several key steps:
- Material Identification
- Material Evaluation
- Cost and Availability
- Sustainability
- Supplier Selection
- Procurement and Quality Control
- Logistics and Handling

Construction Supervision and Management

● The civil engineer will follow the project from start to finish
and make any necessary changes along the way.
● They will ensure that procedure is being followed and check
on safety features of the project. Tasks include designing
structures, managing construction projects, overseeing
contractors, ensuring compliance with regulations,
conducting site inspections, and collaborating with other
professionals involved in the project.
● They also analyze site conditions, prepare cost estimates,
monitor project progress, and address any issues that arise
during construction.

CIVIL Structural Engineering

ENGINEERING ● A Structural Operation Engineer is responsible for managing
JOB TITLES AND and supervising the operational elements of ongoing
RESPONSIBILITIE structural projects.
S ● A Structural Operation Engineer is responsible for managing
and supervising the operational elements of ongoing
structural projects.
Construction Engineering
● Surveyor Engineers are responsible for taking
measurements of the earth's surfaces for various projects.
● Field Engineers are responsible for monitoring the
 construction sites periodically to ensure its overall
compliance to building codes, local ordinances, zoning
regulations, and contract specifications
Geotechnical Engineering
● A Geotechnical Staff Engineer is responsible to have
necessary expertise in geotechnical engineering, such as
performing field research, geotechnical investigations and
analysis, and construction-related operations.
● Senior Geotechnical Engineer, they are responsible to
instruct and guide subordinate personnel, distribute project
responsibilities to junior staff, and oversee the project in
totality.
Water Resource Engineering
● Senior Water Resource Engineer is responsible for
assessing hydraulic system designs, supervising watershed
master plans and flood mitigation studies, participating in
stormwater monitoring initiatives, analyzing drainage
systems for erosion management and riverbank stabilization,
restoring stream channels, and preparing environmental
documentation and feasibility assessments for water
resource quality and compliance.
● Project Engineers are responsible for managing complex
projects by facilitating effective communication, evaluating
design options, and providing recommendations, while also
staying updated on regulations and actively participating in
design contract preparation and execution.
● Design Engineer is responsible for creating drawings,
modifying past projects, and generating drawings from
sketches, ensuring alignment with company and client
standards, and exhibiting both collaborative and independent
work capabilities.
Transportation Engineering
● Highway Engineer is responsible for designing local road
schemes and maintaining the road network, including
structures such as bridges.
● Traffic Engineer is responsible for planning, designing, and
supervising the construction of varied types and aspects of
public works engineering projects.
● Safety Engineer is responsible for applying their knowledge
of systemic safety principles to analyze, assess, and present
safety data, and to plan, implement, and evaluate road safety
programs and processes.
Environmental and Energy Engineering
● Senior Civil Engineer manages complex projects, liaises with
stakeholders, reviews design drawings for compliance,
provides technical assistance during construction, addresses
technical challenges, evaluates construction-related
documents, and upholds client standards and internal
controls.
● Senior Civil Design Engineer oversees civil engineering
designs, produces highquality plans and reports, mentors
junior staff, collaborates with project managers, leads
meetings, contributes to project management, conducts
on-site observations, and verifies existing conditions for
 accurate and progressive project execution.
● Project Engineer responsibilities include collaborating with
management and stakeholders to communicate project
updates, overseeing change orders, and interpreting project
plans and specifications to resolve complex issues.

CIVIL 1. Analyze the site location and the surrounding area

ENGINEERS’ 2. Design a plan
RESPONSIBILITY 3. Develop an in-depth layout design
TIMELINE 4. Comply with laws and code of ethics
5. Supervising staff and employees
6. Preparation of reports and schedule
7. Health and safety security
8. Maintenance of the desired level of quality

THE 5 MOST 1. Technical Skills

IMPORTANT 2. Project Management
SKILLS FOR A 3. Communication Skills
CIVIL ENGINEER 4. Creativity
5. Critical Thinking

Significance of ● Construction
Civil Engineers in ● Environment Preservation
Building the ● Urban Development
World ● Water Resources Management
● Transportation Networks
● Health and Safety
In other fields:
● Coastal Protection
● Material Science
● Surveying
● Others