1

Time dilation: A new unified & simple prospective

Muhammad Yahya*

Time dilation is process proposed by Sir Albert Einstein against the

misconception of absolute time in 1905. Later in 1907 Einstein proposed
gravitational time dilation which gives a unique plate-form to test time dilation
not with respect to speed but due to gravitational potential. Many researchers
try to unify both kind of time dilation as with respect to speed and with respect
to mass gravitational potential near mass but these concepts contain either
complex equation or something like that. Also, those equations do not give us
any idea about the reason behind time dilation that could fulfill both concepts.
In this article we will not only derive a unified equation for time dilation, but we
also try to understand the reason behind it.

Introduction Thus let us try to construct an equation which

is simple and could be applicable at both
20th century it was thought that time is states.
absolute. It does not depend upon the motion
or position of the observer. But after the Let an object has rest mass m o. so according
discovery of Maxwell's equation (1) it Lorentz to mass-energy equivalence principle
give us results which give us an idea of time
dilation between observers moving at relative E0 = m0c
2
____________ (i)
speed for speed of light but the proper
explanation does not come until 1905 when Now if the object is moving with some kinetic
Albert Einstein proposed the Special theory of
energy then the total energy would be:
relativity (2) which give us postulates like time
dilation length contraction and invariance of
Total energy = E0 + Kinetic energy
speed of light. Along with a very long 2 2
derivation Einstein proposed his famous = m0c + ½ mv
equations for time dilation and time dilation.
Which we can be written as: Also we know that when an object moves
some of its energy is converted into kinetic
energy (4) which can be written as:
T= , L= √ ⁄ Lo
⁄√
⁄ E0= P.E + K.E = Inertial energy + ½ mv
2

2
Inertial energy = E0 – ½ mv
Here we only discuss first one which states Thus total kinetic energy would be:
that the passage of time between two
observers moving at different speed would be Total kinetic energy= E = T.E – inertial energy
different. In 1907 Einstein move one step
further which is Gravitational time dilation (3), 2 2
=m0c + ½ mv – E0 + ½ mv
2

which states that the passage of time between

two observers present inside different 2 2 2 2
= m0c + ½ m0v – m0c + ½ m0v
gravitational potential would be different.
Whose equation also known as Schwarzschild 2
E = m0v _______________(ii)
Equation for Gravitational time dilation is:
T= Divide equation (ii) by (i)
⁄√
⁄
=

These both concepts are proved but about the

same phenomenon that is time dilation.
=
* yahyapracha78f@gmail.com
 2

Put this value in formula presented by Albert and also Schwarzschild’s time dilation formula
Einstein for time dilation: which is gravitational time dilation
simultaneously.
T=
⁄√
⁄ Reason behind time dilation:

This equation also tells us something

This formula is valid for both kinds of time that time dilation depends upon energy ratio or
dilation that are time dilation due to high speed energy density present in the form of energy
and also due to gravitational potential as both within matter (condensed form of energy). We
of them include energy density within them. can understand it by having some practical
example. Place your hand once in water and
Let check this approach from Schwarzschild’s then in honey while shaking within both fluids
equation: you would notice that in honey it is quite
difficult to shake hand rather than water
T= definitely because honey has more density
⁄√
that water (5). So we can also conclude that
the more density a fluid have the more difficult
it would be to shake hands in that fluid in other
T=
⁄√ words the your hand will move more slowly in
that fluid .Similar phenomenon happens to
energy when we are in high dense medium or
If mechanical energy approaches to zero then: energy field everything including our
consciousness slows down because
Mechanical energy = P.E + K.E everything around us experience same energy
2
field so we does not notice It than in less
0 = - GMm/R + ½ mv energy density field where every motion
speeds up including the passage of time but
2 we don’t notice it because our surrounding
GMm/R = ½ mv
experience the same energy field. Thus time
dilation is nothing but an illusion or
2 misconception happens to matter when it is
2GMm/R = mv = E
placed in an energy field.
Put in Schwarzschild’s equation:
Space contraction:
T=
⁄√ Space contraction is
something similar to time dilation means it is
also a relativistic effect which gives us an idea
T= of decrease in length of the path followed by
⁄√ an object moves with high speed. When some
sort of matter moves with some speed it
experience time dilation which decrease the
2
T= (Eo = mc ) time between surrounding and of that matter
⁄√
due to speed it have. Then to overcome this
gap in time , matter starts moving in the form
of energy ( because time stops ) on time axis
This is Yahya’s equation similar to equation until it become equal exactly to that of
derived before for Einstein’s time dilation surrounding and again this happens! This
formula. happens continuously until that object move
with such speed. Because the moving object is
Thus by using this formula we can
within system so it would not notice this thing
calculate the values of Einstein’s time dilation
because its consciousness also pause when it
equation which is time dilation due to speed
 3

is converted into energy. But instead it So the flow of time for both observers
experience shorter space interval than the rest would be:
observer or the observer moving slowly that
prior observer. This phenomenon could be Flow of time along x-axis for observer1= LT
calculated between observers easily by using
formula: =√ ⁄ Lo =LoTo
⁄√
⁄
L= √ ⁄ Lo
= For second observer 2
Why speed of light is constant?
Thus no matter with which speed or relative
One of the important postulates presented by
speed both of observers move they observe
Sir Albert Einstein in Special theory of relativity
is that speed of light remains constant for ever the same speed of time axis along any
y observer regardless of his relative speed wit dimension. Now we can say that:
h one another. Its always seems to travel at 29
9,792,458m/s calculated by Michelson-Morley “The speed of light is the speed with
Experiment (6). This sounds quite weird as be which any object stationary in time moves
cause in the same theory Einstein give us an i along any dimension on time axis.”
dea about time dilation. However Speed of ligh
t is a speed with which every electromagnetic
wave moves in free space. But the question ari Hence we can say that time dilation is nothing
ses when we discuss about the inconsistency but a process generated when there came an
of speed of light as it remain unaltered or cons energy ratio with total energy ( energy + mass)
tant for every observer moving with any velocit whenever this happen we observe change in
y in space-time despite of effect of time dilatio the passage of time whether it is due to when
n and length contraction or space contraction an object attain some speed or when it is
proposed by the same theory. So why is it con
within an energy field as gravitational time
stant? The answer is very simple:
dilation.
Speed of light is not actually the speed
Acknowledgement:
of light neither it is the speed of any
electromagnetic wave because we believe that
I am grateful to all of those with whom
time stops for all massless particle moving
I have had the pleasure to work during this
with speed of light. So how do they even have
and other related projects. Each of the
speed if time stops for them? Actually speed of
members of my Dissertation Committee has
light is speed of time with which it flows in any
provided me extensive personal and
direction. So this is how this happen.
professional guidance and taught me a great
Let two observers are observing
deal about both scientific research and life in
speed of time flowing along any axis say x-
general. Some of top listed are Prof. Hashim
axis having speed relative to one another.
Javeed of Govt. College Faisalabad , Prof.
Then time dilation for both observers would
Ghulam Fareed of Govt. Islamia Collage
be:
Faisalabad and Prof. Yasir Jameel HOD
Department of Physics at Agriculture
T=
⁄√ University Faisalabad whom always welcome
⁄
my questions and provide sufficient
suggestions that helps me complete my work.
Similarly length contraction or space
REFRENCE:
contraction for both observers would be:

1. Turnbull, G. ―Maxwell’s Equations

L= √ ⁄ Lo [Scanning Our Past].‖ Proceedings of the
IEEE, vol. 101, no. 7, Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), July
2013, pp. 1801–05. Crossref,
 4

2. Das, Anadijiban. ―The Special Theory of

Relativity.‖ A Mathematical Exposition,
1996. Bowker,
3. Austin, Rickey W. ―Gravitational Time
Dilation Derived From Special Relativity
and Newtonian Gravitational
Potential.‖ European Scientific Journal, vol.
13, no. 3, European Scientific Institute,
ESI, Jan. 2017. Crossref,
4. Petersen, Kristen. Understanding Kinetic
Energy. 2014.
5. Aparna, A. R., and D. Rajalakshmi.
―Honey—its Characteristics, Sensory
Aspects, and Applications.‖ Food Reviews
International, vol. 15, no. 4, Informa UK
Limited, Nov. 1999, pp. 455–71. Crossref,
6. R.S. Shankland, American Journal of
Physics 32, 16 (1964).