KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

Natural shocks (drought and inadequate rainfall), high food prices, reduced JULY – DECEMBER 2022
employment and income opportunities and livestock diseases/deaths
are driving acute food insecurity in seven districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Published on December 30, 2022

CURRENT ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY PROJECTED ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY

JULY - AUGUST 2022 SEPTEMBER - DECEMBER 2022
Phase 5 0 Phase 5 0
People in Catastrophe People in Catastrophe
1.44M Phase 4 362,000 1.76M Phase 4 392,000
28% of the population People in Emergency 35% of the population People in Emergency
analysed in 7 rural districts analysed in 7 rural districts
Phase 3 1,079,000 Phase 3 1,371,000
of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
People in Crisis People in Crisis
People facing high Phase 2 1,925,000 People facing high Phase 2 1,775,000
acute food insecurity People Stressed acute food insecurity People Stressed
(IPC Phase 3 or above) (IPC Phase 3 or above)
Phase 1 1,714,000 Phase 1 1,542,000
IN NEED OF URGENT People in food IN NEED OF URGENT People in food
ACTION security ACTION security

Overview Current situation July – August 2022

In 2022, the food security situation in the seven analyzed districts has worsened
because of high food and fuel prices, drought/inadequate rainfall, localized flooding in
a few areas, livestock diseases, local conflicts, and reduced employment opportunities.
Around 1.44 million people (28 percent of the rural population analyzed) are classified in
IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) or IPC Phase 4 (Emergency) in the current period (July-August 2022),
which corresponds to the Kharif crop season/monsoon period. These include around
1.08 million people (21 percent of the rural population) in IPC Phase 3 and around
0.36 million people (7 percent of the rural population) in IPC Phase 4 across the seven
districts analyzed. Bajaur, Khyber, Mohmand, North Waziristan and South Waziristan
have between 25-30 percent of their population, whereas Kurram and Orakzai have
40 percent of their population in IPC Phases 3 or 4. Urgent action is therefore required
to protect livelihoods and reduce food consumption gaps of people in Crisis and to
save lives and livelihoods of people in Emergency. All seven analyzed districts, namely
Bajaur, Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand, North Waziristan, Orakzai and South Waziristan, are
classified in IPC Phase 3 during the current analysis period.
The analysis of the projection period (September-December 2022), which corresponds
to the harvesting of Kharif season crops and sowing of Rabi season crops, indicates that
the number of people in Crisis and Emergency phases is expected to increase to 1.76
million (35 percent of the rural population analyzed), an increase of 0.32 million or 22
percent compared to the current period. All seven districts will remain in IPC Phase 3
during the projection period.
Projected situation September - December 2022
The food security situation in the projection period is likely to deteriorate further due
to reduced food production in neighboring districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which
have been affected by monsoon rains and flooding and will have spillover effects on
food prices in the analyzed districts. The food access will be challenging because of the
continuous increase in food commodity prices and reduced livelihood opportunities
during the projection period.

Key Drivers

High food prices Drought and flooding

of commodities and high inflation,
as a result of the Russia-Ukraine
crisis, other domestic and
international factors and the 2022
flooding, led to low purchasing
power of households.
Reduced employment/income
opportunities
due to drought during the first
half of 2022, floods since July,
local conflicts and political and
economic uncertainties.
Most districts experienced drought
and unexpected and unusual
monsoon rains/flash flooding.
Local level conflicts
lead to lack of access to areas and
to food and reduced livelihood
opportunities.
Livestock diseases/deaths
Limited/unavailability of water,
veterinary services, and declining
of pastures/fodder caused
livestock diseases and deaths.
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 2

CURRENT IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY SITUATION MAP

1 - Minimal

(JULY – AUGUST 2022) 2 - Stressed

3 - Crisis
4 - Emergency

Key for the Map

5 - Famine

IPC Acute
Areas with Food
inadequateInsecurity
evidence
Phase Classification
Areas not analysed
(mapped
Map SymbolsPhase represents highest
severity affecting
Urban settlement at least 20% of the
classification
population)
IDPs/other settlements
1classification
- Minimal
Area receives significant
2 - Stressed
humanitarian food assistance
3 -forCrisis
(accounted in Phase classification)
> 25% of households meet 25-50%
4of -caloric
Emergency
needs through assistance
5>-25%
Famine
of households meet > 50%
of caloric needs through assistance
Areas with inadequate evidence
Evidence Level
Areas not analysed
Acceptable
** *Medium
** Medium
High
***
Map Symbols
Scarce evidence due to limited or
no humanitarian access
Urban settlement
classification
IDPs/other settlements
classification

Area receives significant

humanitarian food assistance
(accounted for in Phase classification)
> 25% of households meet 25-50%
of caloric needs through assistance
> 25% of households meet > 50%
of caloric needs through assistance
Evidence Level
* Acceptable
** Medium
*** High
Scarce evidence due to limited or
no humanitarian access

Population table for the current period: July – August 2022

District Total Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Area Phase 3+
population Phase
analysed* #people % #people % #people % #people % #people % #people %

Bajaur 1,278,937 447,628 35 511,575 40 191 841 15 127 894 10 0 0 3 319,735 25

Khyber 1,035,037 362,263 35 414,015 40 207 007 20 51,752 5 0 0 3 258,759 25
Kurram 626,554 156,639 25 219,294 35 187 966 30 62,655 10 0 0 3 250,621 40
Mohmand 519,876 181,957 35 207,950 40 103 975 20 25,994 5 0 0 3 129,969 25
North Waziristan 597,522 209,133 35 239,009 40 119,504 20 29,876 5 0 0 3 149,380 25
Orakzai 262,415 52,483 20 104,966 40 78,725 30 26,242 10 0 0 3 104,967 40
South Waziristan 760,225 304,090 40 228,068 30 190,056 25 38,011 5 0 0 3 228,067 30
Total 5,080,566 1,714,192 34 1,924,876 38 1,079,075 21 362,424 7 0 0 1,441,498 28

Note: A population in Phase 3+ does not necessarily reflect the full population in need of urgent action. This is because some households may be in Phase 2 or even 1 but only because of receipt
of assistance, and thus, they may be in need of continued action. Marginal inconsistencies that may arise in the overall percentages of totals and grand totals are attributable to rounding.
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 3

ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY SITUATION OVERVIEW, KEY DRIVERS

AND LIMITING FACTORS

Current Situation Overview

This IPC Acute Food Insecurity analysis focuses on the rural population of only 7 newly-merged districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)
province of Pakistan, namely: Bajaur, Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand, North Waziristan, Orakzai and South Waziristan. Geographically, all
the districts border with Afghanistan, except Orakzai. Almost all analyzed districts fall under rain-fed regions. Overall, around 1.08
million people are in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) and around 0.36 million people are in IPC Phase 4 (Emergency). Furthermore, 1.92 million
people are in IPC Phase 2 (Stressed). All of the 7 districts analyzed are classified in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis). Bajaur, Khyber, Mohmand, North
Waziristan and South Waziristan districts have between 25-30 percent of their population in IPC Phase 3 or above, while Kurram and
Orakzai have 40 percent of their population in IPC Phase 3 or above.

Hazard and Vulnerability

Overall, 41 percent of the surveyed households reported non-agriculture wage labor as their primary source of livelihood in the
analyzed districts during the household assessment in April 20221, 25 percent are self-employed/employees/have their own business
in the non-agriculture sector, 19 percent reported agriculture and livestock-based activities, 12 percent have other sources (pension
allowance, charity/zakat/gifts, and remittances) and 2 percent reported no income source and surviving on savings and debts.
The main shocks affecting the areas have been limited rains, a high inflation rate, reduced employment opportunities, poor security
situation, reduced crop production, and livestock diseases affecting purchasing power and access to food. Most of the analyzed districts
received 2-3 spells of light to moderate rains in winter that were beneficial for crops and pasture conditions. As per Drought Alert issued
by the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) on May 16, 2022, mild drought conditions were prevailing in North Waziristan and
South Waziristan. From beginning of July, several spells of monsoon rains and flooding in some areas have caused human deaths,
damages to houses and crops, livestock losses and damages to irrigation infrastructure in 17 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa but not
much in the IPC focused districts. The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa declared 17 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as natural
calamity-hit, owing to monsoon heavy rainfall and flooding in July-August 2022, but none of the districts included in the IPC analysis
were notified as calamity-affected. As per the latest statistics by the provincial government, overall, 4.3 million people are affected, 92,120
crop area (in acres) affected and an estimated 94,120 livestock perished in the 17 flood-affected districts of KP.
Further, rural households’ ability to earn income or produce food for self-consumption was also affected by much higher than usual
food prices, sickness or death of a member/breadwinner, much higher than usual fuel prices or transport prices, lost employment or
work opportunities, animal diseases, violence and insecurity/conflict, as reported by surveyed households. Overall, half (51 percent)
of the surveyed households reported reduction in their income from their main source of livelihood due to multiple crises/shocks.
Around three-fourths (77 percent) of surveyed farming households faced crop production difficulties. Of those households that faced
crop production difficulties, 64 percent reported not enough irrigation/rainfall water, 50 percent reported plant diseases, 46 percent
reported they could not access fertilizer, 36 percent reported low quality seeds, 34 percent reported crop damages, 19 percent could
not access enough seeds, 17 percent could not access insecticides, and 15 percent reported access to machinery.
Moreover, 56 percent of the surveyed households reported their livelihood/income was affected by limited rainfall/drought: 19 percent
reported being severely affected, 25 percent reported being moderately affected, 12 percent reported being slightly affected, while
44 percent reported not being affected by limited rainfall/drought. Overall, 19 percent of the surveyed households reported their
income/livelihood affected due to border closure/fencing. Among them, 55 percent reported their household livelihood/income
was moderately affected, followed by 29 percent reporting it being severely affected, and 15 percent slightly affected.
Two-thirds of livestock holders (67 percent) also reported difficulties in livestock production in the three months preceding the
assessment. The difficulty to purchase feed, access to veterinary services, livestock diseases or death, constrained access to pasture,
access to veterinary inputs, constrained access to water, and livestock theft or insecurity are the major difficulties reported.

Availability
Agriculture is one of the most important sources of livelihood for rural households in the analyzed districts. The monsoon rains
localized flooding has adversely affected the food production in some flood-affected areas of Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber and North
Waziristan. Due to limited availability of water, most small landholding farmers are engaged in small-scale subsistence-level crop
production. The distribution of agricultural land ownership shows that 38 percent own up to one acre of land, 38 percent own

1 T he household assessment was conducted in collaboration with the Provincial Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs) of Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa and Food Security and Agriculture Working Group (FSAWG) members (Islamic Relief, Welthungerhilfe, Tameer-e-Khalq Foundation, CESVI and others)
in FAO, in 28 districts of Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in April 2022.
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 4

between one and three acres, 10 percent own between three and five acres, and 3 percent own more than five acres of agricultural
land, while 11 percent of households do not own any agricultural land. In the case of land cultivation in the Rabi 2021-22 season,
38 percent of households cultivated up to one acre of land, 49 percent cultivated between one and three acres, 8 percent between
three and five acres and 5 percent more than five acres. Around 26 percent of farming households have own-produced stocks of
cereals for six or more months, 35 percent of households have stocks for 3-6 months, 27 percent have stocks for 1-3 months and 12
percent have stocks for less than one month. The low adequacy of own-produced cereals make households dependent on markets
for their food needs. Although food is generally available in the markets, access to food is the major problem for the households.
The main cereal crops grown in the analyzed areas are: wheat (the major cereal crop grown in all areas in the winter Rabi season),
barley (cultivated mainly in Bajaur, Kurram, Khyber and North Waziristan districts), maize (grown in all areas), and rice (grown mainly in
the districts of Bajaur, North Waziristan, Kurram and Orakzai). Millet is grown in Khyber and sorghum in Khyber, Mohmand and Orakzai.
Pulses are mostly grown in Orakzai, North Waziristan, Mohmand, Bajaur and Kurram districts, while vegetables are mostly grown in
South Waziristan, Orakzai and Kurram districts. Different varieties of fruits are also grown in these areas.
As per assessment findings, the province is facing a substantial reduction of wheat production, around one-fourth (25 percent) of the
farming households reported a reduction in the wheat planted area, which is the main staple crop, and more than half (54 percent)
of the farming households reported a reduction in production of wheat during the Rabi 2021-22 season, due to multiple shocks,
compared to a normal year. Agricultural support required by farming households to improve crop and livestock production in the
next 3-6 months include cash or food assistance, seeds, fertilizers, veterinary services, animal feed, veterinary inputs, agricultural loans,
pesticides, access to irrigation water, tools and restocking of animals.
Livestock is one of the core assets for rural households in the analyzed areas and kept as a source of livelihood as well as for meeting
household consumption needs. Livestock has also been affected in some areas of Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber and North Waziristan
due to the 2022 monsoon rains and flooding. As per the household assessment, around 69 percent of households own cattle, 23
percent own goats, 5 percent own poultry and 3 percent own sheep; the four most owned livestock. Around one-fourth (21 percent)
of livestock holders who own livestock reported death of their main livestock during the six months preceding the household
assessment, half (50 percent) of the households reported death of their second main livestock, whereas 59 percent reported death of
their third main livestock2. The three main reasons for death of livestock reported are: livestock diseases, shortage of fodder/feed and
limited availability of drinking water for animals. Among the households that sold livestock3, 14 percent reported distress selling to
meet food and other needs, 8 percent reported distress selling due to poor health of animal, 4 percent reported distress selling due
to limited availability of fodder, 1 percent reported distress selling due to limited availability of drinking water for livestock, whereas
16 percent reported normal sale for earning livelihood.
Half (50 percent) of livestock holders reported a reduction in availability of pastures in the analyzed areas compared to the three months
preceding the assessment, which could be mainly due to drought and lack/limited rainfall in the areas. Around 19 percent of the livestock
holders also reported difficulties in selling their livestock during the three months preceding the assessment and the main difficulties
reported are: selling prices are too low (76 percent), higher marketing costs (such as transportation) reported by 46 percent, usual traders
or local customers are not buying as much as usual reported by 8 percent and difficulty accessing the market reported by 4 percent4.
According to the Seasonal Agro-Climate Outlook for June – October 2022, issued by the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD),
“Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (where Bajaur, Mohmand and Khyber are located) is expected to experience 2-3 spells of light to
moderate rainfalls, mainly during the end week of June, mid-August and September. In case of Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (where
Orakzai, Kurram, North Waziristan and South Waziristan are located), it would receive several (5-6) light rainfall spells during the
specified periods. However, a moderate spell is expected during mid of June”. However in the July 2022 monsoon rains, the districts
of Khyber, Mohmand, Bajaur and North Waziristan were hit by the heavy spell of torrential rains, which caused flash flooding.
The above evidence suggests that though own production of food for household consumption might not be available or do not
last for long due to adverse impacts of flooding, sufficient food is available in the markets, which is challenging to access due to low
purchasing power and high food prices.

Access
Pakistan is going through high levels of inflation, including food inflation, which is most likely to have adverse impacts on the
purchasing power of the population and its access to food, particularly for poor and middle-income groups for some time. The
Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation data released by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) in July 2022 shows, that CPI inflation
(General) in Pakistan increased by 24.9 percent on a year-over-year basis in July 2022. Food prices went up by 27.4 percent for urban

2 Death of one or more main, second or third main livestock during the past six months.
3
Percentage of livestock holders who sold one or more livestock during the past six months.
4
A multiple response question
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 5

consumers and 29.6 percent for rural consumers, on a year-over-year basis in July 2022. The Outcome Indicators
In particular, prices of essential food items, such as wheat flour, cooking oil, pulses,
milk and meat, have spiked since January 2022. In the two major markets surrounding
the analyzed districts, on average, the price of wheat flour rose by 10 percent, rice (2 Food Consumption Score – Overall,
more than two-fifths (46 percent)
percent), cooking oil /vegetable ghee (20), masoor (9), mash pulse (4), gram pulse (8), of the households have ‘acceptable’
beef (10), mutton (14), milk (4), eggs (-18), whereas prices of chicken increased by 50 food consumption, 38 percent have
percent. ‘borderline’ and 15 percent have ‘poor’
food consumption.
The conflict in the analyzed districts has been a persistent phenomenon for over
a decade. These districts were characterized by poor security conditions and tribal The Household Dietary Diversity Score
(HDDS) – Overall, around three-fourths
disputes that resulted in displacement from the analyzed districts and affected food (71 percent) of households consumed
access and availability, as cropland remained barren. five or more food groups during the past
The Russia-Ukraine crisis and other domestic and international factors are contributing 24 hours reference period, 18 percent
consumed between three and four food
to increasing prices of essential food and non-food items (fuel and fertilizer), which is a groups, while 11 percent consumed two
major driver of acute food insecurity and also expected to erode households’ purchasing or less food groups.
power. Pakistan imports wheat, pulses, edible oil, milk and dairy products, fuel and fertilizer Reduced Coping Strategy Index (rCSI)
to meet its local demand and a rise in international prices of these items also contribute to – Overall, 4 percent of the households
high local prices. adopted High food-based (reduced)
coping strategies and had a score greater
Although food is generally available in the markets, the purchasing power of than 19, 56 percent had a score of 4-18
households is considerably low due to low income, high food and fuel prices, a high (Medium), whereas 40 percent had a
incidence of poverty, and the distance to food markets, which may have adverse score of 0-3 (Low). Households with an
impacts on access to food. The access to food markets has been further affected by rCSI score 0f 4-18, and 19+ indicates
flooding in concerned districts which has caused damages to road infrastructure. that food gaps exist in these areas and
households are adopting short-term
Around half (52 percent) of the households travel more than 30 minutes to reach coping strategies to meet their food
the food markets. Nearly three-fourths of the households (69 percent) reported that needs.
they face problems reaching the market, such as because of destroyed roads, long The Prevalence of Moderate or Severe
distances to markets, high cost of transportation, transport not often available, and Food Insecurity based on the Food
security issues. Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) is
also an important indicator to assess
Households have also contracted new debts to meet basic household needs during people’s experience of food insecurity.
the three months preceding the assessment. Around three-fourths (72 percent) of Overall, around half (65 percent) of the
households had a FIES score of less than
households accumulated new debts, mainly to: cover food needs, medical expenses,
-0.58 which corresponds to IPC Phase
purchase of livestock / agricultural inputs, contribution to ceremonies, business and 1, 25 percent had a FIES score between
other debt payments. Considering the already limited household income in the area -0.58 and 0.36 corresponding to IPC Phase
and high inflation, people are likely to remain in a debt cycle for some time, as their 2, whereas 9 percent had a FIES score of
monthly income is not enough to cover outstanding debt. more than 0.36, which corresponds to IPC
Phase 3-5.
The above evidence indicates that access to food is the major issue in these areas
The households also resorted to
which contributes to poor food security situation of the households. Livelihood-based coping strategies to
meet their food needs. Overall, 8 percent
Utilization of the households adopted ‘emergency’
livelihood coping strategies, 43 percent
Though an overwhelming majority of households (83 percent) have access to improved adopted ‘crisis’, 29 percent adopted ‘stress’,
sources of water in the analyzed districts, the quality of water based on any lab test whereas 20 percent households did not
adopt any coping strategy.
was not assessed in the assessment. Of the improved water sources, 29 percent access
water from piped water, followed by protected well (24 percent), other safe sources Household Hunger Score (HHS) –
(tube well/boreholes/treatment plant/hand pump - 20 percent) and public tap (10 Overall, 5 percent of the households
experienced moderate hunger, 4 percent
percent). Around 84 percent of households easily access water within 10 minutes from experienced slight, whereas around 8 out
the main sources of drinking water. Access to improved sources of sanitation reported of 9 (91 percent) households experienced
around 66 percent of households usually use flush toilets; 22 percent of households no hunger during the past 30 days
use dry pit latrine; 7 percent use open pit, 3 percent use communal latrine and 2 reference period.
percent of households reported open field defecation.

In case of housing status of households, 67 percent live in non-cemented (Kaccha) houses, 25 percent live in semi-cemented homes
(Semi Pakka) and 8 percent in cemented (Pakka) houses. Overall, 96 percent of the households have access to electricity from
government source and solar panel/generator, 2 percent use lamps and 3 percent have no electric supply to the house.
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 6

The limiting factors for the key dimensions of food security (Availability, Access and Utilization) vary across the analyzed districts.
Overall food availability is considered a ‘major’ limiting factor for Orakzai district. Access is considered as a ‘major’ limiting factor for
all 7 districts: Bajuar, Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand, North Waziristan, Orakzai and South Waziristan. The major limiting factors in term
of accessibility are attributed to a number of factors such as: low income, higher share of food expenditure in total household
expenditure, limited sufficiency of cereal crops, high cost of transportation, long distance to markets, reduction in income and rising
food and fuel prices. Similarly, utilization is considered a ‘major’ limiting factor for Khyber and North Waziristan except Kurram, Orakzai
and South Waziristan, where it is considered “not a limiting factor”.

Humanitarian Food Assistance

In some districts, the United Nations, along with international and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provided support
to help improve the livelihoods and food security situation of vulnerable households in 2022.
The organizations and UN agencies such as Islamic Relief, FAO, and the Foundation for Rural Development and Secours Islamique
France partnered with WFP and provided food assistance to 63,660 people in Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand and Orakzai; cash assistance
to 58,606 people in Kurram, Mohmand, North Waziristan and Orakzai; crop inputs to 1,535 people in all analysed districts except South
Waziristan; livestock inputs provided to 679 people in Kurram, North Waziristan and Orakzai.
Islamic Relief, the Foundation for Rural Development and Secours Islamique France with the support of WFP have planned some food
assistance to 84,300 people in Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand, North Waziristan and Orakzai for the period of July-November 2022; and
cash support to 154,500 people in Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand and Orakzai for the period of July 2022-March 2023.
FAO and Islamic Relief have also planned some support in terms of crop inputs to 1,140 people in Bajaur, Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand;
livestock inputs to 130 people in Bajaur, Khyber, Mohmand and Orakzai for the period of July 2022-March 2023.

The Conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine and its Possible Impacts on Food and Agriculture
Markets in Pakistan
Both the Russian Federation and Ukraine are major players in agricultural production and supply of two critical inputs to production, namely
fertilizers and energy. In 2021, both countries stood among the top ten exporters of wheat, maize, oilseeds, and vegetable oils globally. Given a
considerable concentration of exportable surplus of agricultural commodities and inputs to agricultural production in the Russian Federation
and Ukraine, the conflict between the two countries has exposed global food and agricultural markets to increased volatility and vulnerability
to shocks.
Pakistan imports significant amounts of wheat, pulses, and oilseeds from the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Last year, imports from Russia
and Ukraine contributed to 77.3 percent of total wheat imports, 19.3 percent of total pulses imports, and 10.4 percent of total oilseed imports
into the country. Moreover, although Pakistan is not primarily dependent on these two countries for fertilizers and fossil fuels, it suffers with-
standing negative effects of rising international prices for fertilizers and energy. Pakistan continues to bear the brunt of the conflict between
the Russian Federation and Ukraine in terms of rising prices for wheat, edible oils, chicken meat, fertilizers, and fossil fuels. During the third week
of June 2022, the domestic price of wheat went up by 31 percent, edible oils by 82 percent, chicken meat by 51 percent, DAP fertilizer by 82
percent, petrol by 110 percent, diesel by 133 percent, and Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) by 61 percent, compared to their levels 12 months ago.
Due to high fertilizer prices and below-average rainfall in some parts of the country, Pakistan did not meet its wheat production target of 28.9
million metric tons (MMT) for the 2021-22 season. Therefore, the government has decided to import 3 MMT of wheat in the next few months.
Wheat prices were already rising to historic levels, but with the ongoing conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, international
wheat prices are at their highest level in the last few decades. The increased cost of production domestically due to increased fertilizer and
energy costs are expected to raise the price of wheat in the Pakistani market.
Cooking oil and ghee are also essential food commodities in Pakistan. In 2021, Pakistan produced only 8 percent of edible oil required for do-
mestic consumption, and the remaining 92 percent was imported. Since the beginning of the conflict, the price of cooking oil in Pakistan has
increased by 25 percent, and that of vegetable ghee has risen by 35 percent. This increasing trend is likely to, persist as the international edible
oils market may experience a considerable shortfall due to the conflict.
Pulses are classified as essential food commodities in Pakistan. Pakistan caters to a major portion of pulses demand through imports. In 2021,
the country imported $758 million worth of pulses, out of which 17 percent were from Russia and 2.25 percent from Ukraine. Any shock to the
global supply of pulses is likely to impact the availability and prices of pulses in Pakistan.
A rise in global prices will ultimately affect local food prices and access to food, especially for the low income groups. Severe implications for
the poor population who spend a significant portion of their incomes on food is expected. (Source: FAO)
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 7

PROJECTED IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY SITUATION

1 - Minimal

(SEPTEMBER - DECEMBER 2022) 2 - Stressed

3 - Crisis
4 - Emergency

Key for the Map

5 - Famine

IPC Acute
Areas with Food
inadequateInsecurity
evidence
Phase Classification
Areas not analysed
(mapped
Map SymbolsPhase represents highest
severity affecting
Urban settlement at least 20% of the
classification
population)
IDPs/other settlements
1classification
- Minimal
Area receives significant
2 - Stressed
humanitarian food assistance
3 -forCrisis
(accounted in Phase classification)
> 25% of households meet 25-50%
4of -caloric
Emergency
needs through assistance
5>-25%
Famine
of households meet > 50%
of caloric needs through assistance
Areas with inadequate evidence
Evidence Level
Areas not analysed
Acceptable
** *Medium
** Medium
High
***
Map Symbols
Scarce evidence due to limited or
no humanitarian access
Urban settlement
classification
IDPs/other settlements
classification

Area receives significant

humanitarian food assistance
(accounted for in Phase classification)
> 25% of households meet 25-50%
of caloric needs through assistance
> 25% of households meet > 50%
of caloric needs through assistance
Evidence Level
* Acceptable
** Medium
*** High
Scarce evidence due to limited or
no humanitarian access

Population table for the projected period: September – December 2022

District Total Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Area Phase 3+
population Phase
analysed* #people % #people % #people % #people % #people % #people %

Bajaur 1,278,937 511,575 40 383,681 30 255,787 20 127,894 10 0 0 3 383,681 30

Khyber 1,035,037 310,511 30 414,015 40 258,759 25 51,752 5 0 0 3 310,511 30
Kurram 626,554 125,311 20 219,294 35 219,294 35 62,655 10 0 0 3 281,949 45
Mohmand 519,876 207,950 40 155,963 30 129,969 25 25,994 5 0 0 3 155,963 30
North Waziristan 597,522 119,504 20 268,885 45 149,381 25 59,752 10 0 0 3 209,133 35
Orakzai 262,415 39,362 15 104,966 40 91,845 35 26,242 10 0 0 3 118,087 45
South Waziristan 760,225 228,068 30 228,068 30 266,079 35 38,011 5 0 0 3 304,090 40
Total 5,080,566 1,542,281 30 1,774,871 35 1,371,114 27 392,300 8 0 0 1,763,414 35

Note: A population in Phase 3+ does not necessarily reflect the full population in need of urgent action. This is because some households may be in Phase 2 or even 1 but only because of receipt of
assistance, and thus, they may be in need of continued action. Marginal inconsistencies that may arise in the overall percentages of totals and grand totals are attributable to rounding.
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 8

PROJECTED SITUATION OVERVIEW (SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 2022)

During the projection analysis period (September to December 2022), corresponding

to the harvesting of Kharif season crops and sowing of Rabi season crops, the total Key Assumptions:
population facing high acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or above) was expected Price levels (food and fuel prices) are
to increase to 1.76 million from 1.44 million (35 percent of the analyzed population). expected to increase further due to
This represents an increase of 0.32 million or 22 percent of people facing high levels the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, other
of acute food insecurity from the current to the projection period. All seven analyzed domestic and international factors and
districts will remain in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis). An increase of 0.29 million people in the 2022 flooding.
numbers and severity is expected particularly in IPC Phase 3 because of a continuous
Low purchasing power is expected to
rise in prices of food and non-food items, reduced employment opportunities/
continue for rural households because
income, reduced food production due to the monsoon rains/flooding, livestock
of lingering effects of high food prices,
losses and irrigation infrastructure damages in KP province.
fuel prices and damages/losses due to
Furthermore, own production of wheat, other cereals and pulses are not expected the 2022 flooding.
to meet sufficient levels to ensure adequate household consumption, even if the
The damages of agricultural land with
stocks remain safe after the monsoon/flooding season. Therefore, the majority of
ripe crops and livestock diseases will
households are likely to remain dependent on markets to access food during the
contribute to the high levels of food
projected period.
insecurity in the projection period.
All analyzed districts have mountainous and rain-fed regions and did not receive
Employment opportunities and
adequate and timely rainfall at critical stages of Rabi crop production, resulting in
income are expected to be affected
low production of cereals and vegetables. However, in this monsoon season, most
due to border closure and fencing,
of the districts have received 30 percent more rains (above normal) which resulted in
which would continue to affect the
flash flooding, but at the same time it is also anticipated that it will help to increase
livelihoods of traders and wage workers
the production of cereals and vegetables and level of ground water in the future.
in areas neighboring Afghanistan.
Food access is dependent on markets and high food prices, low food production,
Food stocks are not expected to
low purchasing power, conflict and flooding conditions are the primary factors
improve during the projection period,
exacerbating the high levels of food insecurity. Considering the current inflation
however, food markets could be
trends and economic situation, factors such as rising food prices, high fuel and
accessed to meet food needs.
electricity costs would place further stress on food security of vulnerable households.
Livelihood opportunities for farming
The general as well as food inflation are likely to continue, which is expected to
households are expected to increase
result in low purchasing power of households particularly for low income groups
slightly due to the planting season
e.g., small farmers, wage labors, households relying on petty trades etc. (especially
during the last two months of the
those affected by July 2022 monsoon rains/flooding) and might place further stress
projection period.
on food security of vulnerable households, ending up with food consumption gaps.
Livestock diseases such as Lumpy Skin and other infectious diseases are also likely to surface post floods which will have adverse
impacts on the health, production and sale of livestock.
The cultivation of Rabi (winter) crops will be completed during November/December and food stocks of farming households from
own production will end during the projection period. Labor opportunities are expected to increase slightly during the plantation
period in November-December, contributing to the food and income for the people associated with the wage sector for some
period. On the other hand, due to monsoon flooding situations, if agriculture conditions improve, there may be a positive impact on
agriculture, livestock and wage labor opportunities.
Although the overall security situation is stable in most of the districts, a few areas still experience localized conflicts and insecurity.
Keeping in view the geographic situation and the history, any change in the security situation cannot be ruled out, which results in
a curfew-like situation and restriction of movement in and out of the districts. The situation in Afghanistan may deteriorate, which
would affect all the analyzed districts that are bordering, except Orakzai. Secondly, the emerging Afghan situation might also push
refugees to these areas. This would increase pressure on domestic resources affecting the food security situation.
Considering the above-mentioned factors, less opportunities for agriculture and non-agriculture based livelihoods and market-
related activities are expected, which would result in less income, lower food consumption and high food insecurity during the
projection period (September - December 2022).
Based on all the factors mentioned above, the phase classification of all districts is not expected to change in the projection period
(September - December 2022), however, it is likely that there will be an increase in the number of people (321,915 or about 25
percent) facing high acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or above) during the projection period.
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 9

COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS

The previous IPC Acute Food Insecurity (AFI) analysis was conducted in the same seven districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in October
2021, mainly in the context of drought and COVID-19. Due to different analysis periods in the previous round and a slight change
in the context, a direct comparison with the previous round is not suitable. However, some of the key drivers identified in the last
analysis were also key factors for this round, and high food prices, drought/dry conditions, livestock diseases/deaths continue to
impact household food security.
Compared to the previous analysis in October 2021, the acute food insecurity has overall increased. Overall, the projection period has
the highest proportion of population in IPC AFI Phases 3 or 4 (35%). In terms of the number of districts, it has :
• Increased: in Khyber, Kurram and Orakzai.
• Decreased: in Mohmand, North Waziristan and South Waziristan.
• No change: in Bajaur.

Current IPC AFI Analyses (October 2021 - April 2022) and (July 2022 - August 2022) in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
50
40 40 40
35
30 30 30 30 30 30
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
20 20 20 20 20 20
15 15
10 10 10 10
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Oct-21 Jul-22 Oct-21 Jul-22 Oct-21 Jul-22 Oct-21 Jul-22 Oct-21 Jul-22 Oct-21 Jul-22 Oct-21 Jul-22
Bajaur Khyber Kurram Mohmand North Waziristan Orakzai South Waziri stan
Ph 3 Ph 4 Ph 3 & 4
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 10

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION

Response Priorities
This analysis shows that food insecurity has increased during the projection period compared to the previous year (35%) due to
exposure to multiple shocks experienced during 2022. In response to the Crisis and Emergency acute food insecurity situation in the
analyzed districts, the following immediate response actions are suggested in order to help save lives and livelihoods:
• I mprove access to food through appropriate modalities such as food or cash and voucher assistance to reduce the food consumption
gaps and to protect asset depletion for the populations classified in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) and Crisis (IPC Phase 3).
• Scale-up the restoration of livelihoods along with initiating income-generation/employment-creation livelihood support
interventions and recovery projects to support families affected by multiple shocks, including monsoon flooding, persistent
droughts, and price hikes.
• P
 rovide in a timely manner quality seeds for high-yielding crops and vegetables, and agriculture tools, especially to subsistence
level farmers.
• Train farmers on climate-smart crop and fodder production, including guidance on kitchen gardening.
• S cale up livestock protection and management interventions such as vaccination and deworming campaigns to prevent diseases
and facilitate access to fodder, multi-nutritional feed and pastures to help in preventing distress sale. Livestock programmes
should target the vulnerable households and women farmers. Support seeding of rangelands to produce quality fodder.
• Provide livestock/poultry to vulnerable households.
• B
 uild and rehabilitate water infrastructure for agriculture and livestock such as tube-wells, water channels and reservoirs for
better conservation and management. De-silting of critical sections of irrigation channels would be required after the flooding
in July 2022. Resilient water infrastructure can help in reducing the impact of recurring floods and droughts.
• Build and rehabilitate animal sheds/shelters damaged by flooding.
• Introduce livelihood diversification activities for local communities to increase income generation and employment
opportunities. Support local communities, for alternate business/employment opportunities to increase income generation,
who were involved in border trade and lost their businesses due to border closure/fencing.
• Integrate women in economic growth activities (agriculture and non-agriculture) to improve their livelihoods.
• B
 uild the capacity of communities on processing and preservation of the seasonal products to enable them to earn higher
income from processed fruits and vegetables and meet food requirements in the lean seasons.
• Initiate/scale up disaster preparedness interventions in recurring climate shock-prone districts such as those affected with
floods, earthquake, or drought, etc.
• Initiate/scale up resilience building programmes and skills development trainings in different trades in most vulnerable areas
through conditional food/cash programmes for households facing worsening socio-economic crisis conditions.

Situation Monitoring and Update

• T he food security situation in the analyzed areas needs to be monitored regularly due to the high levels of acute food insecurity
and malnutrition, in addition to the high incidences of poverty and vulnerability of households.
• If macroeconomic trends persist in Pakistan with rising inflation and climatic conditions (flooding), there could be more adverse
effects on the food security situation in the coming months. Projections may also be revised to reflect those changes if necessary.
• It is recommended to conduct regular or seasonal household food security and livelihood assessments/surveys and IPC Acute
Food Insecurity analyses to monitor the food security situation in these areas and other vulnerable districts of KP to inform policy
makers on the food security situation in the vulnerable areas. The next IPC acute food insecurity analysis is planned in February
2023 for the selected flood-affected districts of KP.
• T he IPC analysis guides on district vulnerability ranking and provides population numbers in Crisis or Emergency in current
period as well as short term projections, and can serve as an important tool for advocacy to prioritize right areas and population.
It is recommended to use the IPC analysis findings for informing geographic targeting and prioritization of Government-led
social safety programme (BISP/EHSAS).
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 11

Risk Factors to Monitor

• P
 rices of essential food items- the increasing prices of essential food and non-food items is a major risk to the food security of
households, which is also expected to erode their purchasing power that needs to be monitored. The prolonged Russia-Ukraine
crisis and damages/losses of food due to 2022 monsoon rains and flooding can further contribute to rising food, fuel and
fertilizer prices.
• Climatic conditions- climatic conditions are crucial to monitor, as they may impact agricultural production and livelihoods. The
mild drought conditions were prevailing in 2 out of 7 analyzed districts. Monsoon rains/flood have caused a reduction in crop
production because of damages to agricultural land with ripe crops under water, damages to irrigation infrastructure and losses
of livestock.
• Livestock diseases- Livestock diseases such as Lumpy Skin and other infectious diseases are also likely to surface post-floods.
• Reduced food production- Food production will reduce in the current period due to floods, mild drought and high prices of
pesticides and fertilizers. Flash flooding and torrential rains usually damage the agriculture production and could further reduce
food production and could damage assets as well.
• Loss of employment/income- Due to economic instability and exchange rate depreciation, fuel prices and cost of production
are increasing, which may cause loss of employment and may affect the livelihoods further.
• B
 order fencing & closure- Livelihood opportunities have been reduced for those engaged in informal trade, due to the closure
of the border with Afghanistan and Iran. The border fencing has resulted in the stoppage of informal trade and access to markets
on both sides of the border. The community at the border must now travel long distances to reach the market, which has
increased their food cost and adversely affects their livelihoods.
• Afghanistan situation- Any escalation or political instability in Afghanistan can cause cross-border displacement of Afghan
nationals. The displacement would put enormous pressure on the local market structures, labour market, and natural resources,
that can negatively affect the food security dimensions.
• Security situation/conflict- Over the years, the poor security situation has affected the lives and livelihoods of the communities
in the analyzed districts. Any deterioration in the security situation will restrict the movement of people and thus, their ability to
earn livelihoods and access markets for food and agricultural inputs.
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 12

PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY

The IPC Acute Food Insecurity analysis was conducted for two time periods. The initial current period of analysis was July-November
2022 and was mainly based on the data of household assessment conducted in April 20225, along with other secondary information
sources. The initial projected period of analysis was December 2022-March 2023, which was based on data of household assessment,
other secondary information sources and forward-looking assumptions on rainfall, food prices, crop harvests and livelihood
opportunities. However, due to the unprecedented monsoon rains and flooding situation, which have caused a catastrophic
situation in almost the entire Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the periods of the analysis have been changed and the projected period analysis
has been updated in September using the flood damages/losses data on the advice of the IPC Global Support Unit (GSU) and in
consultation with the IPC partners. The revised current period of analysis is now July-August 2022 whereas the revised projection
period is September-December 2022. The analysis covered the seven districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, namely: Bajaur, Khyber, Kurram,
Mohmand, North Waziristan, Orakzai and South Waziristan.
A joint training and analysis workshop was held from 1-7 July 2022 in Karachi, Pakistan. The workshop was attended by officials/staff
of Federal and Provincial government ministries/departments, UN organizations, and international and local NGOs. This analysis
has been conducted in close collaboration with IPC stakeholders at national and provincial levels, including the Ministry of National
Food Security and Research (MNFSR), the Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination (MNHR&C), the Pakistan
Agriculture Research Council (PARC), the Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives (MPD&SI), the National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA), the Bureau of Statistics of Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Provincial Disaster
Management Authorities (PDMAs) of Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Agriculture and Livestock Departments of
Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, UN Organizations (FAO, WFP, UNICEF), and International and National NGOs (including:
Welthungerhilfe (WHH), Concern Worldwide, ACTED, Action Against Hunger (ACF), Secours Islamique France (SIF), Islamic Relief
(IR), HANDS, Tameer-e-Khalaq Foundation (TKF), Fast Rural Development Program (FRDP), Taraqee Foundation (TF), Foundation For
Rural Development (FRD), Balochistan Rural Support Programme (BRSP) and RDF. The analysis for the revised projection period has
also been updated by the same group of analysts. The active participation and support of officials/staff from the above ministries/
departments/organizations is highly acknowledged.
The data used in the analysis was organized according to the IPC analytical framework and included data on food security contributing
factors and outcome indicators. The data was collected from multiple sources listed below and analysis was conducted in ISS.

Sources
Data sources used for this analysis included:
• T he Household Food Security and Livelihood Assessment carried out in 28 districts of Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
in April 20226. The assessment provided information on a wide range of indicators: both outcome and contributing factors. The
outcome indicators included in the analysis are the Food Consumption Score (FCS), Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS),
Household Hunger Scale (HHS), the Reduced Coping Strategy index (rCSI), Livelihood Coping Strategies and the Prevalence of
Moderate and Severe Food Insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES).
• Crop production data from the Crop Reporting Services (CRS), Agriculture Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa;
• Food prices data from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS);
• Projected population based on 2017 Population Census by Bureau of Statistics Khyber Pakhtunkhwa;
• Food and cash assistance, agriculture support, livelihood support/other distribution from WFP, FAO, INGOs and NGOs;
• Precipitation/rainfall/flood sitreps and Seasonal Agro-Climate Outlook from PMD and PDMA Khyber Pakhtunkhwa;
• F lood damages/losses data on crop area affected, livestock perished, houses damaged and number of people affected from the
provincial government departments (PDMA, Agriculture and Livestock Departments).

The Evidence Level of this analysis is Medium**.

5
The household assessment was conducted in collaboration with Provincial Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs) of Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
and Food Security and Agriculture Working Group (FSAWG) members (Islamic Relief, Welthungerhilfe, Tameer-e-Khalq Foundation, CESVI and others) in FAO in 28
districts of Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in April 2022.
6
See above footnote 5
 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN | IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS 13

Limitations of the analysis What is the IPC and IPC Acute

Limitations of the Analysis and Recommendation for Future Analyses
• D
 ue to availability of a limited number of evidence informing the projection and
with quite probabilistic weather forecast, the analysis was revised after getting
notifications regarding heavy rains/flooding.
• H
 umanitarian Food Assistance (HFA) data was not available in the format
allowing to extrapolate Kilo-calories coverage.
• T he household assessment and the IPC analysis has covered only rural areas
of 7 districts. As such, the results should not be extrapolated or generalized as
representative of the whole population in the area, but only of rural households.
• T his IPC analysis was conducted in July 2022, just before the floods started. It
has been updated in September to account for flood damages/losses, yet this
analysis does not fully capture the food insecurity situation in the province,
which has aggravated due to flooding. The next IPC AFI analysis is planned for
February 2023. It will provide an updated food insecurity situation. Furthermore,
the discussion is also ongoing with partners to consider extrapolation of IPC
findings of flood-affected districts to non-IPC flood affected districts and to
prepare a consolidated snapshot. However, it will be decided based on the need
for this information, availability and interest of the partners.
Food Insecurity?
The IPC is a set of tools and procedures to clas-
sify the severity and characteristics of acute
food and nutrition crises as well as chronic
food insecurity based on international stan-
dards. The IPC consists of four mutually rein-
forcing functions, each with a set of specific
protocols (tools and procedures). The core IPC
parameters include consensus building, con-
vergence of evidence, accountability, trans-
parency and comparability. The IPC analysis
aims at informing emergency response as
well as medium and long-term food security
policy and programming.
For the IPC, Acute Food Insecurity is defined
as any manifestation of food insecurity found
in a specified area at a specific point in time of
a severity that threatens lives or livelihoods, or
both, regardless of the causes, context or du-
ration. It is highly susceptible to change and
can occur and manifest in a population within
a short amount of time, as a result of sudden
changes or shocks that negatively impact on
the determinants of food insecurity.

Acknowledgements
The IPC training was facilitated by Duaa Sayed (IPC Food Security Analyst) and co- Contact for further Information
facilitated by Raja Ajmal Jahangeer and Asifa Ghani (FAO), Aman ur Rehman Khan and
Khadim Shah (WFP), Kazim Jafri (Sindh Bureau of Statistics), Shafqat Ullah (Concern Jahangeer, Raja Ajmal
Worldwide), Mehvish Asghar (Ministry of Planning, Development & Special Initiatives) IPC Coordinator
and Amir Ali.
Email: Raja.Jahangeer@fao.org
The IPC analysis for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa districts was facilitated by Duaa Syed (IPC
Food Security Analyst) and co-facilitated by Raja Ajmal Jahangeer, Khadim shah IPC Global Support Unit
(WFP), Fahim Khan (Foundation for Rural Development) and Akbar khan (Khyber www.ipcinfo.org
Pakhtunkhwa Bureau of Statistics). The support of Duaa Syed (IPC Food Security Analyst)
for data quality review, uploading evidence in ISS, revision of analysis areas in ISS and This analysis has been conducted under
participating in the plenary discussion is highly appreciated. Support of Muhammad the patronage of the Provincial Disaster
Afzal (FAO) for uploading data in ISS and Areesha Asghar (FAO) for preparation of Management Authority (PDMA) Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa. It has benefited from the
maps is also highly appreciated. The critical support of Asifa Ghani for organizing the technical and financial support of IPC Global
IPC training & analysis workshop and preparing this communication brief is highly Support Unit.
acknowledged. The valuable support of Provincial Disaster Management Authority
Classification of food insecurity and
(PDMA) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for providing coordination support for household food malnutrition was conducted using the
security and livelihood assessment in April 2022 is also highly acknowledged. IPC protocols, which are developed and
implemented worldwide by the IPC Global
Furthermore, financial support from IPC GSU, WFP, Islamic Relief, WHH and TKF for co- Partnership - Action Against Hunger, CARE,
financing this IPC workshop is also highly acknowledged. CILSS, EC-JRC , FAO, FEWSNET, Global Food
Security Cluster, Global Nutrition Cluster,
IGAD, Oxfam, PROGRESAN-SICA, SADC, Save
the Children, UNICEF and WFP.

IPC Analysis Partners: