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Table of Contents
Factual Questions...............................................
Premium Questions...............................................
Interpretive Questions..........................................
Notes.........................................................

----Factual Questions----

1) Perception of pitch closely linked to _______ tone’s frequency.

Answer: a

2) How lever action can amplify a small force, presented on the right, to lift the
large weight on the left.
Answer: True

3) The main structure of the _______ _______ is the liquid-filled cochlea, the
snail-like structure.
Answer: inner ear

4) Where the dashed line at 10 dB traverses the auditory response area indicates
which frequencies can be heard at 10 dB SPL.
Answer: True

5) The auditory system can detect extremely small pressure changes.

Answer: True

6) Explain the following with an example: 'Timbre is the quality that distinguishes
between two tones that have the same loudness, pitch, and duration, still sound
different.'
Answer source: Timbre. Timbre is the quality that distinguishes between two tones
that have the same loudness, pitch, and duration, but still sound different.For
example, when a flute and a bassoon play the same note with the same loudness, we
can still tell the difference between these two instruments.

7) How lever _______ can amplify a small force, presented on the right, to lift the
large weight on the left.
Answer: action

8) The first of the bones, the malleus, is set into _______ by the tympanic
membrane, to which it is attached.
Answer: vibration

9) ⦁. Measurements of the pattern of firing indicate that _______ _______ occurs up

to a frequency of about 4,000 Hz.
Answer: phase locking

10) A perspective view of an uncoiled cochlea, showing how the _______ _______ gets
wider at the apex end of the cochlea.
Answer: basilar membrane

11) _______ piano keyboard, indicating the frequency associated with each key.
Answer: A

12) (Palmer, Physiology of the cochlear nerve and cochlear nucleus, _______ Medical
Bulletin on Hearing, 43,1987, 838–855.
Answer: British
13) _______ _______ first pass through the outer ear, which consists of the pinna
and the auditory canal.
Answer: Sound waves

14) The basilar membrane; supports the organ of _______ and vibrates in response to
sound.
Answer: Corti

15) _______ _______; Inner hair cells, outer hair cells.

Answer: Hair Cells

16) P indicates the peak of the basilar membrane _______.

Answer: vibration

17) The major workings of the _______ are found within the head, hidden from view.
Answer: ear

18) Psychophysical experiments on the phenomenon of _______ _______.

Answer: auditory masking

19) The middle ear is a small cavity, about 2 cubic centimeters in volume, which
separates the outer and inner ears.
Answer: True

20) The way the cochlea separates frequencies along its length has been described
as an _______ _______.
Answer: acoustic prism

21) Low frequencies cause _______ _______ in the hair cells and auditory nerve
fibers at the apex end of the basilar membrane.
Answer: maximum activity

22) _______ diagrammatic representation of the tympanic membrane and the stapes,
showing the difference in size between the two.
Answer: A

23) Loudness is the quality most closely related to the amplitude or _______
_______, which is also called the level of an auditory stimulus.
Answer: sound pressure

24) The liquid inside the cochlea is set into _______ by the movement of the stapes
against the oval window.
Answer: vibration

25) Decibels _______ a physical measure, whereas loudness is psychological.

Answer: are

26) The frequency scale is in kilohertz , where 1 kHz = 1,000 Hz.

Answer: True

27) The link between frequency and activation of specific places along the _______
_______.
Answer: basilar membrane

28) Movement in the opposite direction closes the ion channels, so there is no ion
_______ and no transmitter release.
Answer: flow
29) _______ _______ cause maximum activity in hair cells and auditory nerve fibers
at the base of the membrane.
Answer: High frequencies

30) The frequency of a sound is indicated by the place along the cochlea at which
_______ _______ is highest.
Answer: nerve firing

31) The characteristic frequency of each fiber, the _______ along the frequency
axis.
Answer: arrows

32) Describe 'Inner ear'.

Answer source: The main structure of the inner ear is the liquid-filled cochlea,
the snail-like structure.

33) The auditory system can detect extremely small _______ _______.
Answer: pressure changes

34) If vibrations had to pass directly from the air in the middle ear to the liquid
in the inner ear, less than 1 percent of the vibrations would be transmitted .
Answer: True

35) Very small amount of movement needed to hear a sound.

Answer: True

36) Classic research by _______ _______ _______, the Nobel Prize in physiology and
medicine, 1961, research on the physiology of hearing.
Answer: Georg von Békésy

37) Loudness of a 1,000-Hz tone as a function of intensity, determined using

magnitude estimation. The dashed lines show that increasing the intensity by 10 dB
almost doubles the loudness.
Answer: True

38) _______ monotopic map—an orderly map of frequencies along the length of the
cochlea.
Answer: A

39) The shaded areas indicate locations of peak _______ associated with each
harmonic in the complex tone.
Answer: vibration

40) (Palmer, Physiology of the cochlear nerve and cochlear nucleus, British Medical
_______ on Hearing, 43,1987, 838–855.
Answer: Bulletin
A)Bulletin
B)Investigative
C)Annual
D)Survey

41) Frequency spectra for a guitar, a bassoon, and an alto saxophone playing a tone
with a fundamental frequency of 196 Hz.
Answer: True

42) Close-up of the organ of _______, showing how it rests on the basilar membrane.
Answer: Corti

43) The tectorial membrane; extends over the _______ _______.

Answer: hair cells

44) Describe 'Ear'.

Answer source: The middle ear is a small cavity, about 2 cubic centimeters in
volume, which separates the outer and inner ears.

45) The cochlear partition, indicated here by a line, actually contains the basilar
membrane and the organ of _______.
Answer: Corti

46) How _______ _______ activation and auditory nerve fiber firing are synchronized
with pressure changes of the stimulus.
Answer: hair cell

47) So large, cause the eardrum to move only 10 –11 cm, less than the diameter of a
hydrogen atom.
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: So small, cause the eardrum to move only 10 –11 cm, less than the
diameter of a hydrogen atom.

48) Temporal coding; The connection between the frequency of a sound stimulus and
the timing of the _______ _______ fiber firing.
Answer: auditory nerve

49) Loudness of a 1,000-Hz _______ as a function of intensity, determined using

magnitude estimation.
Answer: tone

50) Auditory _______ _______ from the cochlea synapse in a sequence of subcortical
structures—structures below the cerebral cortex.
Answer: nerve fibers

51) The lever action of the ossicles amplifies the sound vibrations reaching the
tympanic _______ _______.
Answer: inner ear

52) The _______ _______ fiber fires when the cilia are bent to the right.
Answer: auditory nerve

53) _______, the perceptual quality we describe as “high” or “low” is defined as

the attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which sounds may be ordered on a
musical scale.
Answer: Pitch
A)Pitch
B)Distance
C)Track
D)Dot

54) Where the dashed line at 94 dB traverses the auditory response area indicates
which frequencies can be heard at 10 dB SPL.
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: Where the dashed line at 10 dB traverses the auditory response
area indicates which frequencies can be heard at 10 dB SPL.

55) Frequency spectra for a guitar, a bassoon, and an alto saxophone playing a tone
with a fundamental frequency of _______ _______.
Answer: 196 Hz

56) The middle ear is a small cavity, about 2 cubic centimeters in volume, which
separates the outer and _______ ears.
Answer: inner

57) Hearing loss due to damage to the hair cells, _______ _______, or brain is
called sensorineural hearing loss.
Answer: auditory nerve

58) Measurement of electrical response of the cochlea and of individual hair cells
and auditory _______ _______.
Answer: nerve fibers

59) A perspective view showing the traveling wave motion of the _______ _______.
Answer: basilar membrane

----Premium Questions----

60) Who shows the traveling wave motion?

Answer: The basilar membrane..

61) What is the tectorial membrane; extend over?

Answer: The hair cells.

62) What is the most common frequency of the canal?

Answer: Resonant frequency.

----Interpretive Questions----

63) What is Loudness?

Answer: the quality most closely related to the amplitude or sound pressure

64) What is the most closely related quality to the amplitude or sound pressure?
Answer: Loudness

65) What is the physical measure of loudness?

Answer: Decibels

66) What is the fundamental frequency?

Answer: 200 Hz

---------Notes----------

Decibels are a physical measure, whereas loudness is psychological. Loudness

is most closely related to the amplitude or sound pressure of an auditory stimulus.
Low fundamental frequencies are associated with low pitches, and high fundamental
frequencies associated with high pitches. Timbre is the quality that distinguishes
between tones that have the same loudness, pitch, and duration, but still sound
different. Tones with combinations of dB and frequency that place them in the light
red area below the audibility curve cannot be heard. The auditory system must
accomplish three basic tasks before we can hear. Sound waves first pass through the
outer ear, which consists of the pinna and the auditory canal. The outer ear has
another effect: to enhance the intensities of some sounds by means of the physical
principle of resonance. The frequency reinforced the most is called the resonant
frequency of the canal. Measurements of the sound pressures inside the ear indicate
that the resonance that occurs in the canal has a slight amplifying effect on
frequencies between about 1,000 and 5,000 Hz. When airborne sound waves reach the
tympanic membrane at the end of the auditory canal, they set it into vibration, and
this vibration is transmitted to structures in the middle ear. The middle ear is a
small cavity, about 2 cubic centimeters in volume, which separates the outer and
inner ears. This cavity contains the ossicles, the three smallest bones in the
body. Figure: Basilar membrane supports the organ of Corti and vibrates in response
to sound. In-and-out movement of the stapes creates pressure changes in the liquid
inside the cochlea. This causes the basilar membrane and tectorial membrane to move
back and forth. These two motions cause the cilia of the inner hair cells to bend
because of their movement against the surrounding liquid. The auditory system can
detect extremely small pressure changes. Air pressure at threshold in the most
sensitive range of hearing only 10 to 15 db above the air pressure generated by the
random movement of air molecules. High frequencies cause maximum activity in hair
cells and auditory nerve fibers at the base of the membrane. The frequency scale is
in kilohertz (kHz), where 1 kHz = 1,000 Hz. Hearing occurs in the light green area
between the audibility curve and the upper curve (the threshold for hearing) and
the threshold for feeling. Tones above the threshold of feeling result in pain. The
masking effect spreads more to high frequencies than to low frequencies. (From Egan
& Hake, 1950, 1950. (From Békésy, 1960. ) ) The link between frequency and
activation of specific places along the basilar membrane. The way the cochlea
separates frequencies along its length has been described as an acoustic prism. The
auditory nerve fiber fires when the cilia are bent to the right at the peak of the
sine-wave change in pressure. Hearing loss due to damage to the hair cells,
auditory nerve, or brain is called sensorineural hearing loss. Cochlear transplants
and new technology are available to help patients with hearing loss, such as those
suffering from conductive hearing loss or hearing loss from damage to hair cells or
the auditory nerve or the brain.

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