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Table of Contents
Factual Questions...............................................
Premium Questions...............................................
Interpretive Questions..........................................
Notes.........................................................

----Factual Questions----

1) A powerful theory in psychology is _______ _______, explaining learning through

association between stimuli.
Answer: classical conditioning

2) _______ derived from inductive process are called common-sense hypotheses.

Answer: Hypotheses

3) ⦁. _______ _______ a phenomenon and provides a logical explanation of that

phenomenon.
Answer: Theory addresses

4) Scientists emphasize data and _______ _______ as working from data to theory.
Answer: view progress

5) Explain the following with an example: 'A generalization is a broader statement

that cannot be tested directly.'
Answer source: A generalization is a broader statement that cannot be tested
directly.For example, we might generalize that older drivers are unsafe at any
speed and should have restrictions, such as not being able to drive at night, on
their driver’s license.

6) Theory is based on some evidence or _______ _______.

Answer: reasoning process

7) Describe 'Hypothesis'.
Answer source: A hypothesis is a very specific testable statement that can be
evaluated from observable data.

8) Difference between generalization and Hypothesis. A hypothesis is a very

specific testable statement that can be evaluated from _______ _______.
Answer: observable data

9) _______ _______ is also a powerful theory as it systematically explains the

effect of reward be it reinforcement or punishment on a behavioral response.
Answer: Operant conditioning

10) With a small number of statements about the mutual attraction of bodies, it
explains a small number of events.
Answer: False
Correct Sentence: With a small number of statements about the mutual attraction of
bodies, it explains a large number of events.

11) The law of gravity explains falling apples, the behavior of _______ _______,
and the position of bodies within the solar system.
Answer: roller coasters

12) These experiments are based on assumptions and _______ drawn from the theory.
Answer: hypotheses
13) With a small number of statements about the _______ _______ of bodies, it
explains a large number of events.
Answer: mutual attraction

14) ⦁. It involves statement of processes underlying behavior or personality that

can be turned into _______.
Answer: hypotheses

15) A _______ _______ can produce many generalizations and each generalization can
be developed into more than one hypothesis.
Answer: good theory

16) Explain the following with an example: 'A hypothesis is a very specific
testable statement that can be evaluated from observable data.'
Answer source: A hypothesis is a very specific testable statement that can be
evaluated from observable data.For example, we might hypothesize that drivers older
than sixty-five years would have a higher frequency of accidents involving right
turns across oncoming traffic when driving at night than do younger drivers.

17) _______ _______ which is a tendency to put in less effort when working in
groups has been observed in number of situations.
Answer: Social loafing

18) Describe 'Social loafing'.

Answer source: Latanés studies of social loafing are an example how an interesting
problem can be brought into a laboratory setting and studied in a controlled
manner.

----Premium Questions----

19) What is a classic theory in psychology?

Answer: Classical conditioning.

20) Who studied experiments to test theories?

Answer: Scientists.

21) What are basic elements shared to?

Answer: Science.

----Interpretive Questions----

22) What is a theory?

Answer: a set of related statements that explains a variety of occurrences

23) What is the definition of a theory?

Answer: a set of related statements that explains a variety of occurrences

24) how many statements explain the attraction of bodies?

Answer: a small number

25) What does it provide a framework for?

Answer: the systematic and orderly display of data Prediction

---------Notes----------
 A theory can be crudely defined as a set of related statements that explains a
variety of occurrences. The more the occurrences and the fewer the statements, the
better the theory for example theory of gravity is a powerful theory. Theories in
psychological science are not as quantified and precise as theories in older
sciences such as physics. There are psychological events that a theory cannot
explain. Instead, scientists perform experiments to test theories. These
experiments are based on assumptions and hypotheses drawn from the theory. A
powerful theory in psychology is classical conditioning, explaining learning
through association between stimuli. Theory addresses a phenomenon and provides a
logical explanation of that phenomenon. Theory can produce many generalizations and
each generalization can be developed into more than one hypothesis. Theory may be
based on number of generalized observations but it has generated specific
hypotheses. A good theory is fallible, means that it can be disproved. Theory is
based on some evidence or reasoning process. It involves statement of processes
underlying behavior or personality that can be turned into hypotheses. The theory
diffusion of responsibility explains this by stating that in presence of large
number of others, the responsibility tends to diffuse to others. Theory is
tentative pictures of how data are organized. A theory Organizes and Predicts Data.

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