NAME: JOSEPH NAMWANDI THOMAS

STUDENT NUMBER: 22504512

SUBJECT CODE: MAN101

QUESTION 1
1.1
Water-scarcest in south Africa has been under increasing pressure since the early years of 2000, there is
a great need for development and socioeconomic change. These pressures are enhanced by increased
climate variability as a result of climate change. In the olden days, a focus on water resource
development, including complex transport systems, has helped address water problems. With water
allocated to almost all river basins in South Africa and the expected increase in floods and droughts, the
need for better management of water resources comes to the fore. As such, major challenges in key
resource areas mean that we need to fundamentally change the way we manage resources.

South Africa has received negative comments when it comes to the management of its resources, which
includes natural, human, capital and entrepreneurial resources. A lot of experts are of the view that
South Africa will not build a successful country due to the scarcity of its resources and how it’s managed

Government does not generally have a single voice on growth and employment as a reference for all
government action, national, provincial and local. As a result, market-friendly messages are often
negated by anti-market sentiments and approaches. The government is now increasingly discredited.
Too many failed promises have led to public skepticism about ministers and their ability to deliver on
their promises.

South African entrepreneurs aren't sure if the country is the best place to invest capital and themselves in the long
run, the reason being government regulations cost too much, an inflexible labor market that increases costs and
complexity, critical infrastructure and institutional performance are deteriorating, with major impacts on business
operations; too much has changed too quickly more than 500 changes to the regulatory environment for
businesses in the last 6 years; an ineffective and declining justice system and an unconvincing approach to solving
crime. Intense focus on race leads to insecurity about the inclusion of ethnic minorities in the new South African
and race is often considered more important than skill to offer.

Our natural resources are not infinite, there is Careless over-consumption of these resources and soon
we might expect deforestation, species extinction, soil erosion, oil depletion, ozone layer depletion and
greenhouse gas emissions.
Capital resources which include money to start a new business, tools, buildings, machines, and all other
goods that people produce to produce goods and provide services. The scarcity of these resources has
increased drastically soaring unemployment rate, natural disease and regional wars sweeping the
region. High cost of living despite record high unemployment, these are among some of South Africa’s
biggest problems or weaknesses.

1.2 Scarcity refers to the gap between scarce resources and the theoretical need people have for
those resources. In resource scarce situations, society must decide how to allocate scarce resources
efficiently to meet the needs and desires of the majority of the population. Resource scarcity is one of
the most important aspects of business and the economy. It can affect how companies use their
resources, manufacture their products, and meet the needs of their employees. When you properly
manages scare resources you can help organizations reduce costs, increase efficiency, and increase
productivity. Scare resource management in a business helps organizations optimize people by providing
insights into workloads, availability, project time requirements, skills, and more. Resource management
gives on-demand resource managers a real-time view of people and other resources, giving them
greater control over delivery. Proper resource management can help your organization reduce costs,
increase efficiency and increase productivity.

Question 2
2.1 Departmentalization also known as departmentation is the process of grouping jobs/teams into
functional units called departments based on their areas of expertise in order to achieve organizational
goals. In this way the whole business is divided into parts/departments made up of groups of employees
who carry out similar activities.
The formation of departments aims to specialize activities, simplify organizational processes and
operations, and maintain control. Departmentalization of activities leads to greater efficiency in
management and ultimately in the company. It also helps establish responsibilities and accountability.

2.2 Functional departmentalization allows the organization to arrange all key positions with
functional specialists and facilitates coordination and integration, Activities related to each
administrative function are summarized. Activities such as advertising, market research and sales are
classified under marketing functions, while those related to the production of goods are classified under
operations.
Functional departmentalization will be most suitable to South African Airways (SAA’s) because it helps
organize functional divisions to provide a logical reflection of the power and prestige of the key features.
It follows the principle of professional specialization, simplifies training and supervision of subordinates,
and provides a tight means of control at the top and each department can have experts in its functional
area which makes coordinating of activities within a department much easier.

2.3 Product departmentalization is an organizational strategy that divides employees into teams to
work on all aspects of a specific project or product line. Each product line has a separate department or
team, with members of the department each specializing in different aspects of product development
and sales. This means that the team is responsible for creating and perfecting the product or service
from start to finish.
This type of structures could be implemented to increase the effectiveness of SAA because it can
promote teamwork and camaraderie: when an entire group of employees all contributing to the same
service delivery can enhance a sense of teamwork and create camaraderie. This improves the ability of
professionals to work collaboratively and coherently, increasing efficiency and achievement.
This type of structure can ensure quality of service: Having all team members committed to performing
the same product or service increases the likelihood that everyone will be aware of the end goal and will
help ensure that quality services are produced.

Location departmentalization is the grouping of jobs and organization by location or geographic site. it
intends to group several departments in a specific place, where it is convenient and economical. The
factors that most influence departmentalization by location are connecting with local customers or
achieving environmental benefits. These structures could be implemented to assist SAA, by adding more
routes on the flights can increase profit as route planning is a major part of any successful airline. To
remain profitable and competitive, adding new routes is crucial, but picking the wrong one could end in
disaster.

Customer departmentalization group activities and resources according to the needs of specific
customer groups. This is made to better serve each customer and thus, increase profits with maximum
customer satisfaction. Improving South African Airways customer service and providing pre-flight, in-
flight and post-flight customer support results in higher customer satisfaction, a better travel experience
and better service ratings. Customer departmentalization can certainly be implemented to assist South
African Airways to be more effective.
Matrix organizational structure is a combination of two or more types of organizational structures. This
unable you to organize an organization and set up reporting relationships as grids or matrices instead of
traditional hierarchies. Perhaps the greatest advantage of the matrix structure is that rather than
recruiting project team members from outside the organization for their expertise, they can bring
together highly skilled team members from various departments to leverage the resources the
organization already has. However this type of structure may not be suitable to be implemented to
assist SAA as it’s too broad.

Question 3

3.1.1 A well-run educational organization needs structured, well-defined areas that communicate
with each other, for any business to move beyond operational management to true leadership Prestige
Education owners need to understand employee skills, encourage open communication, and provide
useful feedback. Management process school involves the process of setting goals, planning, controlling,
organizing and directing the execution of any type of activity. It’s important to focus on establishing
clear goals and listen to input from staff members. When setting goals, be sure to communicate with
your employees so they understand their role in achieving the shared goals. Build trust with your
employees and delegate some tasks to them to free up time for other priorities.

The Prestige Education owner needs to make use of the following type of management that supports
the following pillars as it relates to how an organization plans and conducts educational activities:
Pedagogical Management: Facilitates all planning and educational initiatives, including teacher and
professor’s teaching methods, student interaction, and assignments.
Administrative Management: Focuses on cultivating organizational resources and is involved in the
management of physical, human, and financial resources.
Human resources management: All employees in your organization are managed.

3.1.2 According to Elton Mayo’s Human Relations Theory “a happy worker is an efficient worker” In
other words, if an organization can keep its employees happy, it will increase productivity and profits.
Because when employees are happy with their pay, the benefits they deserve, and all the benefits the
organization offers, they feel they belong in the organization.
he will have a sense of belongingness towards the organization and would
do utmost efforts
to lift the organization up in the market
he will have a sense of belongingness towards the organization and would
do utmost efforts
to lift the organization up in the market
he will have a sense of belongingness towards the organization and would
do utmost efforts
to lift the organization up in the market
he will have a sense of belongingness towards the organization and would
do utmost efforts
to lift the organization up in the market
he will have a sense of belongingness towards the organization and would
do utmost efforts
to lift the organization up in the market
They will have a sense of belongingness towards the organization and would do utmost efforts to lift the
organization up in the market; an organization's effectiveness depends on the quality of the
relationships between the people who work in it.

3.1.3 Systems approach

Systems theory helps in management because it is aimed at achieving goals and views organizations as
open systems.

3.1.4 Strategic management

3.1.5 Learning organization and re-engineering

In business process reengineering, companies start with a clean slate and rethink existing processes to
provide added value to their customers.

Question 4

Column A: Terms Column B: Meaning
1. Work organisation G. Application of techniques to
study features influencing
people at work.
2. Quality in operations d. What a customer expects in
management terms of own perception.
3. HR forecasting i. To balance HR supply &
demand
4. Shotgun approach L. Using advertising media
to development to communicate a product.
5. Freedom of association B. Joining a trade union.
6. Learnership j. Learning programme
Including practical work.
7. The National k. A series of learning
Qualifications achievements up to
Framework (NQF) Level 10.
Column C: Substantiation (why you have made the
choice in column B)
Work organization involves application of techniques that strive to
optimize the interaction of people, equipment and information to
make work processes cost-effective while maintaining employee
performance, motivation and skills.
What your customers think of your brand, including their direct or
indirect experience with your business is important and crucial to
your business generating revenue
Human Resources forecasting is the process of forecasting supply and
demand. Whether it's the number of employees or the types of skills
that are needed and available to get the job done. Basic forecasting
techniques include: Annual sales or production forecast.
A shotgun approach is a marketing strategy in which marketers
attempt to target a broad market of potential customers using a
variety of promotional tactics (both above and below the line).
Joining a trade union is a fundamental right that everyone is entitled
to. It ensures that people are free to organize, form and join groups,
formal or informal.
Learnership also known as an apprenticeship is a work-based learning
program involving learning and doing the practical work for the
attainment of an NQF registered qualification.
The National Qualifications Framework is a system used to determine
the level of qualifications or competencies that students have
achieved. The higher your NQF level, the higher your qualification

8. Indirect compensation A. Fringe benefits such as
leave, medical and housing
benefits.
9. Market segmentation M. Recognising that people
have different needs
and wants
10. Herzberg two-factor C. Hygiene and motivational
theory factors.
11. Direct marketing D. What a customer expects in
terms of own perception.
12. Balance sheet E. Financial position of a
Business.
13. Time value of money O. Interest, present value &
future value, cash-flow.
14. Social responsibility h. Businesses spending
money on housing, education
and job creation.
15. Just-in-time system N. Eliminated holding of
inventory.
level.
Leave, medical and housing benefits are all form of Indirect
Compensation method of payment to employees that is not directly
related to salary or wages.
Consumer groups are identified to enable specific products or
product lines to be presented in a manner tailored to their interests.
Hygiene issues include company policies, supervision, pay,
interpersonal relationships, and working conditions. Environmental
issues for employees. Motivators, on the other hand, refer to
satisfaction by satisfying an individual's need for meaning and
personal growth.
By directly engaging with customers, you will be able to know exactly
what customers expect from your business. Direct marketing includes
all marketing that relies on direct communication or distribution to
individual consumers rather than through third parties such as mass
media.
A balance sheet represents the financial position of a company at a
particular point in time
Money in hand has more value than the same money paid in the
future.
Businesses choose to assume social responsibility by contributing to
the communities in which they are located. By Providing fitness
facilities or discounted accommodations for employees and providing
scholarships
The main purpose of this method is to reduce inventory maintenance
costs and increase inventory turns.

REFERENCES
https://www.cram.com/essay/Water-Scarcity-In-South-Africa-Essay/PKGZXLPNBXYQ
https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/2161-1-17.pdf
https://www.cde.org.za/why-is-south-africa-failing-to-get-the-growth-and-jobs-we-need/
https://www.iedunote.com/functional-departmentalization#:~:text=Functional%20departmentalization
%20allows%20the%20organization,promotes%20tends%20to%20promote%20centralization.
https://simpleflying.com/how-do-airlines-plan-routes/
https://www.chegg.com/learn/business/introduction-to-business/departmentalization-by-location
Elton Mayo’s Human Relations Theory
https://ibrahimgco.blogspot.com/2017/02/elton-mayos-human-relations-
theory.htm
Elton Mayo’s Human Relations Theory
https://ibrahimgco.blogspot.com/2017/02/elton-mayos-human-relations-
theory.htm
Elton Mayo’s Human Relations Theory
https://ibrahimgco.blogspot.com/2017/02/elton-mayos-human-relations-
theory.htm

https://ibrahimgco.blogspot.com/2017/02/elton-mayos-human-relations-theory.html Elton Mayo’s

Human Relations Theory