Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII – Central Visayas
Schools Division of CEBU PROVINCE
District of Tuburan I

QUARTER 4
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Week: 1 Date: __________________
Learner’s Name: _______________________________ Grade level: Eleven
School: Tuburan National High School Score: _________________

MELC: Explain the principles of the three major social social science
theories
K to 12 CG Code: None

I. TOPIC/S: The Major Social Science Theories

A. Principles of Structural – Functionalism (Trueman, 2015)

Social Science Theory Principles

Structural - Functionalism
 Societies should be examined holistically in an interrelated system framework.
 Causation is reciprocal and, in many instances, multiple.
 Social systems are generally in a state of equilibrium.
 The functionalists are less interested in the history of a society, but more
concerned with social interaction.
 The functionalists attempt to find the interrelationships between the compounds
of social structure.

Marxism
 Both Hegel and Marx have dealt with a basic question – How is man to be
reconciled with him and with the world? Hegel was of opinion that mind of man
passes through history and finally comes to realize what is world.
 Both Hegel and Marx thought that man was the product of self-knowledge and he
goes on reconciling with the world. But to Hegel the concept of self- knowledge is
associated with Spirit or Absolute Idea
 Marx has rejected it and has laid down the famous doctrine of alienation. That
is,he tries to understand himself or the world around him through the alienation.
 The theory of alienation is the product of the alienated labor. In fact, alienation
occupies a very important place in Marx’s theory.
 In capitalist economy there is a division of labor which means that a labor
produces a single or small part of an article. The capitalist system has introduced
this division of labor to have better results.
 But its harmful consequence is with the passing away of time man is gradually
alienated from the whole production system and finally the society.

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 The general meaning of alienation is that it is the “subjugation of man by his own
work, which has assumed the guise of independent things”.
 The entire economic process including production and distribution is beyond the
control of workers. They work just like machine.
 In the opinion of Marx, since alienation is the greatest evil of capitalist system
the workers must be freed from this evil.
 But he has warned us by saying that there is no scope of freeing individuals from
the curse of alienation because it is an integral part of the capitalist system.
 If we go through Marx’s analysis, we shall find that the only way of freeing man
from alienation is the establishment of communism or communist society.

Symbolic Interactionism

(Blumer, 1969; Manis and

Meltzer, 1978; A. Rose,
1962; Snow, 2001)
 Human beings, unlike lower animals, are endowed with the capacity for thought.
 The capacity for thought is shaped by social interaction.
 In social interaction, people learn the meanings and the symbols that allow them
to exercise their distinctively human capacity for thought.
 Meanings and symbols allow people to carry on distinctively human action and
interaction.
 People are able to modify or alter the meanings and symbols that they use in
action and interaction on the basis of their interpretation of the situation.
 People are able to make these modifications and alterations because, in part, of
their ability to interact with themselves, which allows them to examine possible
courses of action,assess their relative advantages and disadvantages, and then
choose one.
 The intertwined patterns of action and interaction make up groups and societies.

II. Exercises
A. Exercise No. 1:
Direction: Explain what you have learned in the principles of the three
major social science theories

SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORIES PRINCIPLES

1.
2.
3.

B. Exercise No. 2:
Directions: Draw a community comprised of different institutions, then
answer the following questions with at least two (2) sentences.
Use bond paper.

1. How did you structure your community?

2. What did you prioritize in your choice of institution?
3. How did the structures function in the society?
4. What did you learn about Structural Functionalism Theory?
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