NAME:__________________________________________

GRADE/SECTION:______________________________
11
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS
IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Semester I/II – Week 6 and 7
Major Social Science Theories
and their Application

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES – Grade 11
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Semester I/II - Week 6 and 7: Major Social Sciences Theories and their Application
First Edition, 2020

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 Lesson 1
Major Social Science Theories and their
Application
MELC: Apply the major social science theories and its importance in examining socio-cultural,
economic, and political conditions. (Week 6-7)
a. Structural-functionalism
b. Marxism
c. Symbolic Interactionalism

Objectives:
1. Determine the importance of the major Social Science theories.
2. Describe the applications of major Social Science theories.
3. Apply major Social Science theories in the present problems in our
society.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your choice on the space
provided before each number.

____1. Social structure as inherently unequal resulting from the differences in social
class, education, income, and other social factors. This is the premise of what
theory?
A. Dysfunctional C. Structural-functionalism
B. Marxism D. Symbolic Interactionism

____2. Government firmly stands for their beliefs that the purpose of anti-terror law is to
prevent terrorism as early as possible before the bombing or an incident might
happen. Which of the following aspects is being described?
A. Economic C. Political
B. Latent Function D. Socio-cultural

____3. Irregularities in the distribution of the Social Amelioration Program (SAP) cash
subsidy to low-income families received a lot of complaints. What principle
is being manifested in the situation?
A. Dysfunction C. Manifest Function
B. Latent Function D. Structural-functionalism

____4. A requirement in Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences subject is to come up
with a case study in your community. You decided to gather facts and information
through participation and observation of your communities’ norms and cultures.
Which of the following theories will help you achieve your task?
A. Feminism C. Structural-functionalism
B. Marxism D. Symbolic Interactionism

____5. Which of the following corresponds to structural functionalism?

A. Happiness C. Revolution
B. Interdependence D. Symbolism

1
____6. Which of the following pertains to social change as viewed by Marxism?
A. Stable and orderly process
B. Power is always used to oppress
C. Exchange of power between groups
D. Movement from class conflict to classless society

____7. In times of pandemic some of the government officials gain respect and instant
popularity as a result of their proactive undertaking in their role as a leader. Which
among these theories do you think has been applied?
A. Dysfunction C. Manifest Function
B. Latent Function D. Structural-functionalism

____8. Which of the following social science theories’ applications must be ELIMINATED
from the group?
A. Government and politics is a way to enforce norms and regulate conflict.
B. Social classes exist because people have unequal access over the available
resources.
C. In traditional societies, functions would have been placed in a family
kinship structures and in local communities.
D. Society is a universal social system composed of structured and organized
subsystems that are categorized by conforming to existing norms.

____9. Which of the following is a Marxist view of political condition in the society?
A. Culture reinforces issues of "privilege” groups and their status in social
categories.
B. The power elites use the government to develop social policies that allow
them to keep their wealth.
C. The bourgeoisie possesses and controls the means for production, which
prompts misuse because of the benefit intention.
D. Social structure as inherently unequal resulting from the differences in
power based on age, class, education, gender, income, race, sexuality, and
other social factors.

____10. Which of the following tells about the application of Marxism on the economic
condition of the society?
A. See regulations and political contributions as a way of keeping people
connected to the democratic process.
B. Search for examples of communication between people and examine the
perception of one-on-one connections.
C. Examines communication pattern, interpretation, and adjustment among
individuals relative to the meanings of symbols.
D. Concentrated on the mode of production in relation to the bourgeoisie who
controls the means of production and proletarians who only work and don’t
claim control over the capital.

2
 Let’s Explore and Discover

The world is facing the COVID-19 pandemic which

Unlocking already claimed thousands of lives and affected the
of Difficulties economy. Apart from this global health crisis, there are also
other challenges that people have to face, such as
Apply homelessness, poverty, overpopulation, and gender
▪ to make use of inequality to name a few. These are some of the situations
something or and problems existing in our society.
use it for
a practical In the previous lesson, you learned the basic concepts
purpose; or and principles related to Structural-functionalism,
▪ to make use of Marxism, and Symbolic Interactionism. The question now
something for a is, do you know that with the application of the major Social
practical Science theories, a person or a sociologist, in particular, can
purpose or in a explain the existing problems in our society? Explore the
real situation. succeeding paragraphs and discover how you can possibly
apply these theories.
(Source: “Cambridge Dictionary,” accessed April 24, 2021,
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/apply.)
The Application of the Major Social Science Theories
Sociologists utilize three major theoretical perspectives namely: (1) Structural-
functionalism; (2) Marxism, and (3) Symbolic Interactionism. These perspectives offer
sociologists theoretical models for clarifying how society impacts individuals or vice versa.
Every perspective remarkably conceptualizes society, social actors, and human conducts.
To better understand how these theories are applied in different sociocultural, economic,
and political conditions, carefully study the examples provided in the matrix.

APPLICATION OF THEORIES IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS

Structural Functionalism sees society as a system with interconnected parts working
together in harmony to maintain equilibrium in the society. Furthermore, the terms
function and dysfunction are used to describe the effects of social elements in society.

Socio-cultural
It is customary for Filipinos to lend help in times of difficulty or disaster and this
time of pandemic is not an exception. The local government units extended help to
the people by distributing food packs and giving cash subsidies to low-income
families; this has been the manifest function of the government during the early
stages of the pandemic. However, based on the news and radio reports, there were
some individuals who complained that they did not receive the cash grant or even
the food packs. This can be considered as a dysfunction because it points out to
the fact that there might be some anomalies, irregularities, or other external factors
that affected the system.
Economic:
During the initial weeks of Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ), people
succumbed to panic buying to make sure that they will have enough essential
supplies while staying at home. Some of these are medical supplies, alcohol
disinfectant, and facemasks. Because of the high demand for these products,
the supply gradually decreased which led to high or uncontrolled prices. This
happened because some institutions did not implement right away the necessary
measures to cope with the changing social conditions which eventually brought
3
 economic implications. In this case, the failure of an institution to oversee the
economic activities, both the producers and consumers will be affected.
Political:
The president of the Republic of the Philippine signed the Anti-Terror Bill into a law
which is now called Republic Act 11479 despite the criticisms and comments about
its implementing guidelines. The government assumed that they acted upon their
function and purpose such as planning and directing society for maintaining peace
and order. The government stands for their beliefs that this law is created to prevent
terrorism as early as possible before bombing or any unwanted incident happens.
This shows one of the functions of the government, which is to create and enforce
laws for the safety of all people.
Marxism is a theory that acknowledges the economic relations between classes which
determine the social and political relations. It also utilizes historical developments to
understand class relations and social conflict, as well as a dialectical perspective to
view social transformation.

Socio-cultural:
Poverty is one of the existing social conditions in our country. This time of
pandemic, it is undeniable that poor households suffered the most because their
family members can hardly find a job where they can earn money to feed their
families. As a result, some of them relied on government support or aids given in
form of Social Amelioration Program (SAP) subsidy. However, there are reports
saying that some vulnerable households did not receive the assistance that they are
entitled to get. This shows that there are still some poor families that have no access
over the available resources, and they continue to suffer from inequality because
they are deprived of getting what is due for them.
Economic:
Certain municipalities in the province of Palawan are engaged in rice production
which means that it is the main source of living for some inhabitants. However, the
approval of Republic Act 11203 otherwise known as an Act Liberalizing the
Importation, Exportation, and Trading of Rice removed government limits or the
quantitative restrictions imposed on rice importation. Therefore, this law allows rice
traders to import this commodity in bulk. Hence, our local rice farmers are forced
to compete with these traders that usually offer cheaper prices, this means that
they might need to sell their rice harvests at a cheaper price as well.
Political:
Observing and reading the news or posts circulating through the social media, it is
apparent that people have developed political tags or labels to conveniently refer to
certain groups of people who allegedly supports an idea or even a person.
Oftentimes, there is a disagreement or conflict arising between or among the
supporters because of their varying opinions and perspectives on existing political
matters. Using the lens of Marxism, it is obvious that some people are in conflict
with each other because of their different ideologies or line of thinking.
Symbolic Interactionism is a sociological theory that sees society as the product of
the everyday interactions of individuals.

Sociocultural:
The bayanihan or spirit of communal unity is one of the characteristics possessed
by Filipinos. During difficult times, it is customary to see people helping one another
voluntarily and without expecting anything in return. In fact, the so-called
“community pantry” is one of the manifestations of Filipinos’ solidarity which
became popular through the photos circulated in social media platforms. It is an
initiative where anyone can get whatever they need for free, and they can likewise
give whatever they are capable of. This idea is now adopted in many places across
the archipelago. This only shows that every action conveys a symbolic meaning and
the written or spoken language serves as means to represent as well as
communicate interpretations to other people.

4
➢ Economic:
The employees of a local grocery store in Puerto Princesa City were given food packs
and cash incentives by the owner as a way of recognizing their hard work and
dedication to their job. Moreover, they are allowed to incur absences during
emergency cases and they receive the proper compensation for the overtime services
that they rendered. As a result, the employees remained loyal to the employer and
they do not complain about their job at all because of the treatment of the owner
and the management. The way the employees were treated by the employer
influenced their attitude towards work.

➢ Political:
Motorists as well as private and public vehicle operators must be acquainted of the
Driver’s Manual containing the rules and regulations to prevent vehicular and road
accidents. It is equally important both for pedestrian and drivers to be familiar with
the different traffic signs and symbols in order to avoid violating the traffic laws.
From the perspective of symbolic interactionism theory, learning to read symbols or
signs is one way of communicating and because of this, we can possibly change the
way we act or behave for a better outcome.
(Source: John J. Macionis, Sociology-14th Edition, accessed September 1, 2020,
file:///C:/Users/DepEd/Downloads/Sociology%20John%20j.%20macionis%2014th%20Ed.pdf.)
(Source: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Socialization and
Education: Theoretical perspectives K.A. Schneewind, accessed September 1, 2020,
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/structural-functionalism)
(Source: Daniel Liberto (2020), Marxian Economics, accessed September 1, 2020
https://www. investopedia.com/terms/m/marxian-economics.asp)

Remember: It is important to learn how to apply Social Science theories because it

will help you understand the meaning and nature of a certain phenomena that is
often experienced but seldom explained in detail.

5
 Let’s Practice

Directions: Determine the conditions in society by examining its socio-cultural,

economic, and political aspects. Check the box that best corresponds to the statement.

Socio-
Conditions in Society Economic Political
Cultural
Bayanihan or spirit of communal unity is one of
the characteristics possessed by Filipinos where
people help one another voluntarily and without
expecting anything in return.
During the Enhanced Community Quarantine
(ECQ), people succumbed to panic buying to
make sure that have enough essential supplies
while staying at home.
Poverty is one of the social problems in our
society. This time of pandemic, most poor
households are suffering from poverty due to lack
of job opportunities.
The Anti-Terror Bill was signed by the president
to become a law because its intention is to
prevent bombings and other unfortunate events
from happening.
People have developed political tags or labels to
conveniently refer to certain groups of people who
allegedly supports an idea or even a person.

6
Directions: Use the letters below with their corresponding numbers to decode the hidden
words.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Example:
C O N D I T I O N
3 15 14 4 9 20 9 15 14

1.

2 15 21 18 7 5 15 9 19 9 5

2.

19 20 18 21 3 20 21 18 1 12 6 21 14 3 20 9 15 14 1 12 9 19 13

3.

16 8 9 12 9 16 16 9 14 5 1 14 20 9 20 5 18 18 15 18 2 9 12 12

4.

19 25 13 2 15 12 9 3 9 14 20 5 18 1 3 20 9 15 14 9 19 13

5.

19 15 3 9 15 3 21 12 20 21 18 1 12

6.

19 15 3 9 1 12 3 15 14 6 12 9 3 20

7.

5 3 15 14 15 13 9 3

8.

18 9 3 5 20 1 18 18 9 6 9 3 1 20 9 15 14 2 9 12 12

What are the other existing conditions that will require the use of the theories
based on what you have learned today?

7
 Let’s Do More

Directions: Examine the following scenarios using the three sociological perspectives.
Please be guided by the example below:
Example: National flag is an example of symbolic-interactionism because it symbolizes the
nation-building and sense of national unity. Its designed and colors has meanings and
symbols. In Philippine flag, list at least three significant meanings from its symbols.
1. Three Stars – the geographical islands compose of Luzon, Panay island and Mindanao.
The three stars aims to unite the separate people and its culture into one nation.
2. White Triangle – Distinctive emblem of Katipunan by means of blood compact.
3. Eight rays of the sun – Represent the provinces who revolted against the Spaniards.
Manila, Bulacan, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Tarlac, Cavite at Pampanga.
SCENARIO 1
Florante and Laura are debating the topic of why some people are rich while others are
poor. Florante believes that some people are rich while others are poor because society
offers greater rewards to those who have valued talents and abilities. Laura, on the other
hand, believes this unequal distribution of wealth exists because of racial and sexual
discrimination.
1. Which sociological perspective is most consistent with Florante’s beliefs and Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sociological perspective is most consistent with Laura’s beliefs and Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

SCENARIO 2
“Human beings are born fully formed social beings, without the need for social interaction.”
Provide at least THREE things a symbolic interactionist would say in response to this
statement.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________________

SCENARIO 3
Your grandparents had 14 children; your parents had 8 children. You are expected to take
over the family farm when you turn 30. You will be getting married soon, and your future
spouse wants to only have 2 children.

Using the concept of functionalism, how are you going to convince your parents that a
smaller family is a better choice for you.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

8
Directions: Examine each condition carefully and try to answer the guide questions
concisely.
1. Condition – “The local government units extended help to the people by distributing
food packs and giving cash subsidies to low-income families.”
What theory may be applied in this condition? ____________________________________
How would you explain the condition using the theory you chose?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Condition – “During the distribution of cash subsidy as a way of helping people during
the pandemic, there are reports saying that some vulnerable households did not
receive the assistance that they are entitled to get.
What theory may be applied in this condition? ____________________________________
How would you explain the condition using the theory you chose?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Condition – “The employees of a local grocery store were treated properly by the
employer and in return, they have shown good attitude towards work.”
What theory may be applied in this condition? ____________________________________
How would you explain the condition using the theory you chose?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

In what way were you able to use the Social Science theories in examining a
specific sociocultural, economic, or political condition?

Let’s Sum It Up

Directions: Identify the correct terminology or theory given their definition or description.
Choose your answer from the option provided below.

A. Apply D. Symbolic Interactionism

B. Marxism E. Structural-functionalism
C. Dysfunctionalism

_____ 1. The economic relations between classes determine the social and political
relations.
_____ 2. It means to make use of something or use it for a practical purpose.
_____ 3. The society is viewed as a system with interconnected parts.
_____ 4. The society is the result of the everyday interactions of people.
_____ 5. It happens when one or more social institutions present within the society
failed to perform its functions.

9
 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your choice on the space
provided before each number.

____1. Government firmly stands for their beliefs that the purpose of anti-terror law is to
prevent terrorism as early as possible before the bombing or an incident might
happen. Which of the following aspects is being described?
A. Economic C. Political
B. Latent Function D. Socio-cultural

____2. Social structure as inherently unequal resulting from the differences in social
class, education, income, and other social factors. This is the premise of what
theory?
A. Dysfunctional C. Structural-functionalism
B. Marxism D. Symbolic Interactionism

____3. Which of the following is a Marxist view of political condition in the society?
A. Culture reinforces issues of "privilege” groups and their status in social
categories.
B. The power elites use the government to develop social policies that allow
them to keep their wealth.
C. The bourgeoisie possesses and controls the means for production, which
prompts misuse because of the benefit intention.
D. Social structure as inherently unequal resulting from the differences in
power based on age, class, education, gender, income, race, sexuality, and
other social factors.

____4. A requirement in Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences subject is to come up
with a case study in your community. You decided to gather facts and information
through participation and observation of your communities’ norms and cultures.
Which of the following theories will help you achieve your task?
A. Feminism C. Structural-functionalism
B. Marxism D. Symbolic Interactionism

____5. Irregularities in the distribution of the Social Amelioration Program (SAP) cash
subsidy to low-income families received a lot of complaints. What principle
is being manifested in the situation?
A. Dysfunction C. Manifest Function
B. Latent Function D. Structural-functionalism

____6. Which of the following corresponds to structural functionalism?

A. Happiness C. Revolution
B. Interdependence D. Symbolism

____7. In times of pandemic some of the government officials gain respect and instant
popularity as a result of their proactive undertaking in their role as a leader. Which
among these theories do you think has been applied?
A. Dysfunction C. Manifest Function
B. Latent Function D. Structural-functionalism

10
____8. Which of the following pertains to social change as viewed by Marxism?
A. Stable and orderly process
B. Power is always used to oppress
C. Exchange of power between groups
D. Movement from class conflict to classless society

____9. Which of the following social science theories’ applications must be ELIMINATED
from the group?
A. Government and politics is a way to enforce norms and regulate conflict.
B. Social classes exist because people have unequal access over the available
resources.
C. In traditional societies, functions would have been placed in a family
kinship structures and in local communities.
D. Society is a universal social system composed of structured and organized
subsystems that are categorized by conforming to existing norms.

____10. Which of the following tells about the application of Marxism on the economic
condition of the society?
A. See regulations and political contributions as a way of keeping people
connected to the democratic process.
B. Search for examples of communication between people and examine the
perception of one-on-one connections.
C. Examines communication pattern, interpretation, and adjustment among
individuals relative to the meanings of symbols.
D. Concentrated on the mode of production in relation to the bourgeoisie who
controls the means of production and proletarians who only work and don’t
claim control over the capital.

11
 Answer Key

LET’S TRY LET’S PRACTICE – ACTIVITY 1 LET’S PRACTICE – ACTIVITY 2

1. BOURGEOISIE
1. B 6. D 1. Sociocultural 2. STRUCTURAL
2. C 7. C 2. Economic FUNCTIONALISM
3. A 8. A 3. Sociocultural 3. PHILIPPINE ANTI TERROR
4. D 9. B 4. Political BILL
5. B 10. D 5. Political 4. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
5. SOCIOCULTURAL
LET’S DO MORE – ACTIVITY 1 6. SOCIAL CONFLICT
7. ECONOMIC
*Answers given by students may 8. RICE TARRIFICATION BILL
vary.

LET’S DO MORE – ACTIVITY 2

OUTSTANDING SATISFACTORY NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

INDICATOR
(5) (3) (1)
CONTENT The content is The content is almost The content is
accurate, clear, on complete and accurate. incomplete and the
point and well- Major points pertaining major points pertaining
explained. Major points to the theory are to the theory are not
pertaining to the theory present. stated or clear.
are evident.

LET’S SUM IT UP LET’S ASSESS

1. B
2. A 1. C 6. B
3. E 2. B 7. C
4. D 3. B 8. D
5. C 4. D 9. A
5. A 10. D

12
 References

A. WEBSITE

International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2001). Socialization

and Education: Theoretical Perspectives K.A. Schneewind. Accessed September 1,
2020 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/structural-
functionalism

Liberto, Daniel (2020). Marxian Economics. Accessed September 1, 2020

https://www. investopedia.com/terms/m/marxian-economics.asp

Malinowski, B. 1962. Anthropology. In Encyclopedia Britannica. New York: York University.

Accessed September 30, 2020 https://www.britannica.com/topic/survivals

Cambridge Dictionary. “Meaning of Apply in English.” Accessed April 24, 2021.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/apply?q=apply.%29

13
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14