Engleski jezik IV

Ernad Haskić

IDP

I
Listening comprehension

The making of iron ore

The production of iron is called smelting. Iron ore is smelted in a blast furnace, which resembles
a huge cylindrical tower. The blast furnace operates continuously, and it stops only to replace the
brick lining of the furnace. The process begins with placing the raw metalals into the blast
furnace in the following order: a layer of iron ore, a layer of coke, and a layer of limestone.
Then the hot air is blown into the furnace from its bottom, through blow pipes. Hot temperatures
from the furnace melt the iron ore and limestone, which form a slag, floating on the top of the
furnace. Then the iron ore is moved to the conveyor belts for further refinement processes. The
ore is then crushed in a uniform size and stacked in the triangical shaped pipe. Another pile of the
iron ore is immediately used in the blast furnace. Crushed and blended ore is delivered directly to
storage hoppers next to the blast furnace.
Second important material used in a blast furnace is coke. It is made by baking coal in coke
ovens, in a very similar way that the iron is made. The refined coal is placed in the oven, and
when the oven is full, it is sealed, with the exception of collector pipes which bring gases to the
by-product plant. The process in the oven lasts for 18 hours, and then, the coke is pushed out of
the oven and it falls into special hot car. It is important to note that when the coke reacts with the
oxygen in the air, it bursts into flame. To keep the coke from burning itself out, it needs to be
cooled, and that is done by spraying it with water. This operation is called quenching. The coke is
then carried by conveyor belts to the storage pile near the blast furnace.
Third most important material is limestone. It is usually obtained from surface quarries and
brought to the blast furnace by railcar. Limestone is sprayed with water to settle dust, and
dumped on the conveyor belts, which carry it to large storage piles.
The raw materials aren't mixed until they are inside the blast furnace. Every 5 hours, the blast
furnace is cast to remove molten iron and slag. Every time the blast furnace is cast, certain
proportions of raw materials are put into the furnace, and the process goes on again, until the pig
iron is produced. The pig iron from the blast furnace is usually used in the further processes to
make steel.
II
Exercise 6 (pp 43-44) offers several phrases that are already in their reduced
form. In order to understand their translation properly, you need to know what
stands behind the reduction. Therefore, your task for the next week is to write
given structures in their extended form (while using all your knowledge that you
gained so far – language wise and content wise).

1. a bottom-air-blown converter = a converter which blows the air from the bottom

2. refractory-lined tilted pear-shaped vessel = a tilted vessel in a shape of a pear, which is

lined with refractory elements

3. a tilting bowl-shaped hearth = a hearth in a shape of a bowl, which can be tilted

4. large-diameter movable carbon electrodes = electrodes made of carbon, whose diameter is

large, and which can be moved

5. 99,5 % pure high-pressure oxygen = the oxygen which consists of 99,5% of the pressure that
is high

6. a water-cooled lance-tip = a tip of the lance which is cooled with water

7. a long cylindrical horizontal rotary furnace = a long furnace, in a shape of a cylinder,

which is positioned horizontally and is able to rotate

8. a modified tilting-type open-hearth furnace = a furnace with an open hearth, one of those
that can be tilted, but just modified

9. oxygen-steam or oxygen-carbon dioxide mixture = a mixture that consists either of oxygen

and steam, or oxygen and carbon dioxide