Ushtrimi 1

Ne qofte se 𝐸[𝑋] = 2 dhe 𝐸[𝑋 2 ] = 8, te llogariten:

(a) 𝐸[(2 + 4𝑋)2 ]. (b) 𝐸[𝑋 2 + (𝑋 + 1)2 ].
Zgjidhje
a) 𝐸[(2 + 4𝑋)2 ] = 𝐸(4 + 16𝑋 + 16𝑋 2 ) = 4 + 16𝐸(𝑋) + 16𝐸(𝑋 2 ) = 4 +
16 ∗ 2 + 16 ∗ 8 = 164.
b) 𝐸[𝑋 2 + (𝑋 + 1)2 ] = 𝐸(𝑋 2 + 𝑋 2 + 2𝑋 + 1) = 𝐸(2𝑋 2 + 2𝑋 + 1) =
2𝐸(𝑋 2 ) + 2𝐸(𝑋) + 1 = 2 ∗ 8 + 2 ∗ 2 + 1 = 21

Ushtrimi 2

Zgjidhje
X+Y={-1, 0, 1, 2}; X-Y={-1, 0, 1, 2}; XY={-1, 0, 1}; 2X-3Y=

X Y X+Y X-Y XY 2X-3Y

0 -1 -1 1 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 -1 0 -3
1 -1 0 2 -1 5
1 0 1 1 0 2
1 1 2 0 1 -1

𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = −1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0; 𝑌 = −1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0)𝑃(𝑌 = −1) = 0.3 ∗ 0.3

= 0.09
 𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = 0) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0; 𝑌 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1; 𝑌 = −1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0)𝑃(𝑌
= 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1)𝑃(𝑌 = −1) = 0.3 ∗ 0.4 + 0.7 ∗ 0.3
= 0.12 + 0.21 = 0.33
𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = 1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0; 𝑌 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1; 𝑌 = 0) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0)𝑃(𝑌
= 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1)𝑃(𝑌 = 0) = 0.3 ∗ 0.3 + 0.7 ∗ 0.4
= 0.09 + 0.28 = 0.37
𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 = 1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 1; 𝑌 = 1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 1)𝑃(𝑌 = 1)
= 0.7 ∗ 0.3 = 0.21

X+Y -1 0 1 2
P 0.09 0.33 0.37 0.21

X-Y -1 0 1 2
P 0.09 0.33 0.37 0.21

XY -1 0 1
P 0.21 0.58 0.21

2X-3Y -3 -1 0 2 3 5
P 0.09 0.21 0.12 0.28 0.09 0.21

Meqenese n.r X dhe Y jane te pavarura atehere:

𝐷(2𝑋 − 3𝑌) = 22 𝐷(𝑋) + (−3)2 𝐷(𝑌) = 4𝐷(𝑋) + 9𝐷(𝑌)
𝐸(𝑋) = 0.7; 𝐸(𝑋 2 ) = 0.7 => 𝐷(𝑋) = 0.21
𝐸(𝑌) = 0; 𝐸(𝑌 2 ) = 0.6 => 𝐷(𝑌) = 0.6
𝐷(2𝑋 − 3𝑌) = 4 ∗ 0.21 + 9 ∗ 0.6 = 1.38
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑋; 𝑌) = 0, 𝑚eqenese n. r X dhe Y jane te pavarura
𝑐𝑜𝑣(2𝑋 − 3𝑌; 𝑋 − 𝑌) = 2𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑋; 𝑋) − 2𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑋; 𝑌) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑌; 𝑋) + 3𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑌; 𝑌)
= 2𝐷(𝑋) − 5𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑋; 𝑌) + 3𝐷(𝑌) = 2𝐷(𝑋) + 3𝐷(𝑌)
= 2 ∗ 0.21 + 3 ∗ 0.6 = 2.22
Ushtrimi 3