PERTEMUAN 11

Akar Ciri dan Vektor Ciri

𝐴𝑥 = 𝜆𝑥

𝐴𝑥 − 𝜆𝑥 = 0
(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼𝑛 )𝑥 = 0

Solusi trivial jika x = 0

Solusi non-trivial ketika 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼𝑛 ) = 0

Contoh:
1 0 −2
1. Cari akar ciri dan vektor ciri dari 𝐴 = [ 0 1 2]
−1 0 0
Jawab:
𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼𝑛 ) = 0
1 0 −2 1 0 0
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ([ 0 1 2 ] − 𝜆 [ 0 1 0]) = 0
−1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 −2 𝜆 0 0
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ([ 0 1 2 ]− [ 0 𝜆 0]) = 0
−1 0 0 0 0 𝜆
1−𝜆 0 −2
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ([ 0 1 −𝜆 2 ]) = 0
−1 0 0−𝜆
1−𝜆 0 −2
𝑑𝑒𝑡 ([ 0 1 −𝜆 2 ]) = 0
−1 0 −𝜆
((1 − 𝜆)(1 − 𝜆)(−𝜆)) − ((−1)(−2)(1 − 𝜆)) = 0

(−𝜆 + 2𝜆2 − 𝜆3 ) − (2 − 2𝜆) = 0

𝜆 + 2𝜆2 − 𝜆3 − 2 = 0
(1 − 𝜆)(𝜆2 − 𝜆 − 2) = 0
(1 − 𝜆)(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆 + 1) = 0

𝜆1 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 𝜆2 = 2 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 𝜆3 = −1 <- AKAR CIRI

 Vektor Ciri untuk 𝜆 1 = 1
(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼𝑛 )𝑥 = 0

1 0 −2 1 0 0
([ 0 1 2 ] − 1 [0 1 0]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 −2 1 0 0
([ 0 1 2 ] − [0 1 0]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 −2
([ 0 0 2 ]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 −1

0 0 0
𝑥 1 = (2) atau 𝑥 2 = (1) atau 𝑥 3 = (4)
0 0 0
0
maka x = (𝑥 )
0

 Vektor Ciri untuk 𝜆 2 = 2

(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼𝑛 )𝑥 = 0

1 0 −2 1 0 0
([ 0 1 2 ] − 2 [0 1 0]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 −2 2 0 0
([ 0 1 2 ] − [0 2 0]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 0 0 0 2

−1 0 −2
([ 0 −1 2 ]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 −2

−2 −4 −6
𝑥 1 = ( 2 ) atau 𝑥 2 = ( 4 ) atau 𝑥 3 = ( 6 )
1 2 3
−2𝑥
maka x = ( 2𝑥 )
𝑥

 Vektor Ciri untuk 𝜆 3 = −1

(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼𝑛 )𝑥 = 0
 1 0 −2 1 0 0
([ 0 1 2 ] − (−1) [0 1 0]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 −2 1 0 0
([ 0 1 2 ] + [0 1 0]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 0 0 0 1

2 0 −2
([ 0 2 2 ]) 𝑥 = 0
−1 0 1

1 2 3
𝑥 1 = (−1) atau 𝑥 2 = (−2) atau 𝑥 3 = (−3)
1 2 3
𝑥
maka x = (−𝑥 )
𝑥