Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE – HAMTIC CAMPUS

Guintas, Hamtic, Antique

TYPES OF
BILINGUALISM
PREPARED BY:

SAMAIKA P. CANALIN

MA. LISA M. SOLANO

SUBMITTED TO:

MR. REYMOND CEPEDA

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE – HAMTIC CAMPUS
Guintas, Hamtic, Antique

Sequential Bilingualism

 Any individual who acquires a second language after gaining initial exposure and
understanding of a first language.
 Typically after age 3.
 Degrees of fluency and exposure can differ between the languages.

What are the factors that impact a child who is a Sequential Bilingual

 Age that they exposed to new language.

a) Early Exposure – typically occurs when the child is exposed to one language at home
and a second when they begin school.
b) Late Exposure – typically occurs when an individual immigrate to a country with
different language.
 Amount of time they are surrounded by each language.
 Which language is learned first and second
a) Phonological differences
 Degrees of exposure
a) Verbal Language – language of family members, music, conversation.
b) Written Language – exposure to books, writing materials.

Partial Bilingualism

 A level of bilingualism which individuals attain native-like proficiency in the full range
of understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills in one language but achieve less
than native skills in some or all of these skills in the other language.
 This kind of program seeks fluency and literacy in both languages.
 But literacy in the mother tongue is restricted to certain subject matter, most generally
that related to the ethnic group and its cultural heritage.
- With this, reading and writing skills in the mother tongue are commonly
developed in relation to the social sciences, literature, and arts, BUT NOT IN
SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS.
 This kind of program is clearly one of language maintenance coupled with a certain effort
at culture maintenance.
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE – HAMTIC CAMPUS
Guintas, Hamtic, Antique

Full Bilingualism

 In this kind of program, students are to develop all skills in both language in all domains.
 Typically, both languages are use as media of instruction for all subjects.
 Clearly this program is directed at language maintenance and development of the
minority language.

Transligualism

 The word trans means “across” and lingual means “having to do with languages”.
 Is the shift from being bilingual, knowing two different languages, to only speaking one
leading language. This usually happens over a period of time and can be seen within a
few generations.
 Translingualism refers to “the communicative practices of people interacting across
different linguistic and communicative codes, borrowing, bending and blending
languages into new modes of expression” (Pennycook, 2007).
 Translingualism shows “the understanding of the relationships among language resources
used by certain communities, local language practices, and language users’ relationship
to language varieties.
 Translingualism acknowledges all languages including different accents, dialects and
voices for the medium of communication which was once regarded as “old fashioned,
interlingual interference”