Ref. Title Page No.

7.1 Description 7-1

7.1.1 Summary 7-1
7.1.1.1 Description 7-1

7.2 Materials 7-1

7.2.1 General 7-1
7.2.1.1 References and Warranties 7-1
7.2.1.2 Composition and Mixing 7-1
7.2.1.3 Compatibility 7-1
7.2.1.4 Covering Qualities 7-1
7.2.1.5 Containers 7-1
7.2.1.6 Delivery 7-1
7.2.1.7 Storage and Handling 7-1
7.2.2 Pigments and Pastes 7-1
7.2.3 Paint Oils, Thinners and Dryers 7-2
7.2.4 Red Lead Paint 7-2
7.2.4.1 Description 7-2
7.2.4.2 Composition 7-2
7.2.4.3 Weight per Liter 7-2
7.2.4.4 Coarse Particles 7-2
7.2.4.5 Consistency 7-2
7.2.4.6 Condition in Container 7-2
7.2.4.7 Skinning 7-2
7.2.4.8 Dilution Stability 7-2
7.2.4.9 Brushing Properties 7-2
7.2.4.10 Spraying Properties 7-2
7.2.4.11 Drying Time 7-2
7.2.4.12 Tinting 7-2
7.2.5 Basic Lead Silico-Chromate Primer 7-3
7.2.5.1 Description 7-3
7.2.5.2 Composition 7-3
7.2.5.3 Weight per Liter 7-3
7.2.5.4 Coarse Particles 7-3
7.2.5.5 Consistency 7-3
7.2.5.6 Flash Point 7-3
7.2.5.7 Condition in Container 7-3
7.2.5.8 Skinning 7-3
7.2.5.9 Dilution Stability 7-3
7.2.5.10 Appearance 7-3
7.2.5.11 Brushing Properties 7-3
Ref. Title Page No. Ref. Title Page No.
7.2.5.12 Spraying Properties 7-3 7.2.14 Portland Cement Paint 7-7
7.2.5.13 Drying Time 7-3 7.2.14.1 Description 7-7
7.2.6 Zinc Dust-Zinc Oxide Primer 7-3 7.2.14.2 Composition 7-7
7.2.6.1 Description 7-3 7.2.14.3 Colors 7-7
7.2.6.2 Zinc Oxide Vehicle 7-3 7.2.15 Polymer Latex Paint 7-7
7.2.6.3 Zinc Dust-Zinc Oxide Mixed Primer 7-4 7.2.15.1 Description 7-7
7.2.7 Aluminum Paint 7-4 7.2.15.2 Composition 7-7
7.2.7.1 Description 7-4 7.2.15.3 Colors 7-7
7.2.7.2 Proportions 7-4 7.2.16 Polymer Paint 7-7
7.2.7.3 Mixing 7-4 7.2.16.1 Description 7-7
7.2.8 Tinted Aluminum Paint 7-4 7.2.16.2 Composition 7-7
7.2.8.1 Description 7-4 7.2.16.3 Colors 7-8
7.2.8.2 Proportions 7-4 7.2.17 Acrylic Emulsion Paint 7-8
7.2.9 Basic Lead Silico-Chromate Maroon Field Coat 7-5
7.3 Construction Requirements 7-8
7.2.9.1 Description 7-5
7.2.9.2 Composition 7-5 7.3.1 General 7-8
7.2.9.3 Weight per Liter 7-5 7.3.2 Application 7-8

7.2.9.4 Coarse Particles 7-5 7.3.2.1 General 7-8

7.2.9.6 Condition in Container 7-5 7.3.3 Concrete Surfaces 7-8

7.2.9.7 Skinning 7-5 7.3.3.2 Painting 7-9

7.2.9.8 Dilution Stability 7-5 7.3.4 Structural Steel Requirements 7-10

7.2.9.9 Brushing Properties 7-5 7.3.5 Shop Coat (Prime) 7-10

7.2.9.10 Spraying Properties 7-5 7.3.5.1 Shop Cleaning 7-10

7.2.9.11 Drying Time 7-5 7.3.5.2 Shop Painting 7-10

7.2.10 Basic Lead Silico-Chromate Dark Green Finish 7.3.6 Field Coat 7-11

Coat 7-5 7.3.6.1 Field Cleaning 7-11

7.2.10.1 Description 7-5 7.3.6.2 Field Painting 7-11

7.2.10.2 Composition 7-5 7.3.7 Bridge Railings and Guardrails 7-11

7.2.10.3 Weight per Liter 7-6 7.3.7.1 Bridge Railings 7-11

7.2.10.4 Coarse Particles 7-6 7.3.7.2 Guardrail 7-11

7.2.10.5 Consistency 7-6 7.3.8 Painting Existing Structures 7-11

7.2.10.6 Color 7-6 7.3.9 Painting Steel Piling and Steel Pile Shells 7-11

7.2.10.7 Condition in Container 7-6 7.3.10 Painting Steel Pile Enclosures and Tubular Steel

7.2.10.8 Skinning 7-6 Piers 7-12

7.2.10.9 Dilution Stability 7-6 7.4 Method of Measurement 7-12

7.2.10.10 Brushing Properties 7-6
7.5 Basis of Payments 7-12
7.2.10.11 Spraying Properties 7-6
7.2.10.12 Drying Time 7-6 7.6 Items in the Bill of Quantities 7-12
7.2.11 Zinc Dust Paint 7-6
7.2.11.1 Description 7-6
7.2.11.2 Requirements 7-6
7.2.12 Gloss Enamel 7-6
7.2.12.1 Description 7-6
7.2.12.2 Requirements 7-6
7.2.13 Sampling and Testing 7-6
7.1 Description position. The paint shall dry to a smooth, uniform finish, free from
roughness, grit, unevenness and other surface imperfections.
7.1.1 Summary 7.2.1.5 Containers
7.1.1.1 Description 1 Paint containers shall be sufficiently strong and durable to
1 This Section describes painting to steel and concrete structures withstand shipment and normal handling procedures without damage.
and painting to railings and other metalwork. Paint containers shall be equipped with lids which positively prevent
the entrance of air into the container.
2 The work described herein includes protective and decorative
painting to new and existing structures and metalwork to meet the 7.2.1.6 Delivery
ambient conditions.
1 All paint shall be delivered to the site in original
3 The paints, primers and ancillary products included in this
manufacturer's metal containers with labels which give type, color,
Section include a full range of products. The actual products to be
quantity, gross and tare, and paint ingredient proportions of every
used for the particular project shall be as specified in the Special
item of the contents.
Specification for each project or as directed by the Engineer.
7.2.1.7 Storage and Handling
7.2 Materials
1 All paints and painting products shall be stored and protected
and used in environmental conditions that ensure that the paint is not
7.2.1 General affected by extremes of temperature.
7.2.1.1 References and Warranties
7.2.2 Pigments and Pastes
1 Where reference is made to specifications and standards issued
by named organizations, such specifications and standards are hereby 1 When specified in mixed paints, the following pigments and
made a part of this specification to the same extent as if fully set out pastes shall comply with the requirements of the ASTM designations
herein. indicated below:

2 The paint manufacturer(s) shall supply evidence that the Pigments and Pastes ASTM
proposed products have performed satisfactorily for a minimum of
Zinc Oxide D 79
five (5) years in conditions similar to those of Oman as to ultraviolet
White Lead, Basic Carbonate D 81
light exposure and intensive climatic conditions.
White Lead, Basic Sulfate D 82
7.2.1.2 Composition and Mixing Red Lead, ninety-seven (97) percent D 83
Grade
1 Paints shall be factory-mixed or in paste form. Mixing of dry
Iron Oxide, Class II Type A D 84
pigment and a vehicle by the Contractor will not be permitted, except
Lampblack D 209
as specifically required by the specifications. Mixed paints shall be
Chrome Oxide Green D 263
mixed with a paddle to a smooth and homogenous condition.
Titanium Dioxide, Type I D 476
Pigments and insoluble ingredients shall be finely ground to a
smooth uniform consistency Mixed paints or pastes which have Carbon Black D 561
hardened, thickened or otherwise deteriorated during storage or Magnesium Silicate Pigment D 605
shipment will not be accepted. Aluminum Pigments, Type II Class B D 962
(except coarse particles may be two (2)
2 Thinners for a particular type of paint must mix readily with
percent maximum)
that type of paint.
Copper Phtalocyanine Blue D 963
3 When paint is tinted, the tinting material shall be thoroughly Basic Lead Silico-Chromate D 1648
mixed into the paint to form an even, uniform shade.
Copper Phthalocyanine Green D 3021
7.2.1.3 Compatibility Table 7.2.2-1: Specifications for Pigments and Paste

1 Finish paint for factory-primed items shall be of a type 2 Siliceous red iron oxide shall meet the following requirements:
compatible with the primer. Primers for unprimed items shall be as
recommended by the manufacturer for use with the finish paint.
2 Primers, sealers, undercoat and finishing coat paint shall be
compatible in composition and color and, for any one paint system,
shall be the products of the same manufacturer.
7.2.1.4 Covering Qualities

1 All mixed paint shall have satisfactory protective and covering

qualities. Mixed paint shall not run, streak, break or sag when
brushed on a clean one hundred fifty (150) millimeters by two
hundred fifty (250) millimeter glass panel placed in a vertical

7-1
 Total Iron Oxide, Calculated Eighty-five percent (85%) min. True red lead Sixty-two and Five-tenths (62.5)
as Fe2O3 percent min.
Coarse particles, on Number One percent (1%) maximum Ferric oxide siliceous Twelve and Five-tenths (12.5)
325 mesh sieve matter and remainder percent min.
Calcium Oxide Five-tenths percent (0.5%) Other oxides of lead
max. Table 7.2.4-2: Composition of Pigment for Red Lead Paint
Moisture and other volatile Two percent (2%) max.
material 7.2.4.3 Weight per Liter
Water soluble matter One and five-tenths percent
1 Red lead paint shall weigh not less than two (2) kilograms per
(1.5%) max. liter.
Oil absorption Sixteen (16%) percent min.
Siliceous matter Balance 7.2.4.4 Coarse Particles
Organic colors None Permitted
1 Coarse particles and skins retained on a forty-five thousandths
Table 7.2.2-2: Requirements of Siliceous Red Iron Oxide (0.045) millimeter (No. 325) sieve shall not exceed one percent (1%)
by weight based on pigment.
7.2.3 Paint Oils, Thinners and Dryers
7.2.4.5 Consistency
1 When specified in mixed paints or vehicles the following paint
liquids shall comply with the designations indicated below: 1 Consistency shall be not less than seventy-three (73) nor more
than eighty-six (86) Krebs Units (K.U.).
Component ASTM
Turpentine, steam distilled D 13 7.2.4.6 Condition in Container
Pine Oil, Type 1 FSS LLL-P-400
1 The paint shall be thoroughly ground and mixed; it shall not be
Raw linseed oil D 234
settled, caked or thickened to such a degree that it cannot be
Mineral spirits D 235
redispersed easily with a paddle to a uniform and homogenous state.
Mineral spirits, Grade 1 and Grade 2 FSS TT-T-291
Boiled linseed oil, Type 1 D 260 7.2.4.7 Skinning
Dryers, liquid paint, Class B D 600
1 Skinning shall be entirely absent from a sample that has been
Alkyd resin solutions, Type I, II and III FSS TT-R-266
stored forty-eight (48) hours in a dark place in a three-quarters-filled
Table 7.2.3-1: Specifications for Paint Liquids
tightly-closed container.

7.2.4 Red Lead Paint 7.2.4.8 Dilution Stability

7.2.4.1 Description
1 Rapid-dry red lead paint shall consist only of lead pigment,
iron oxide pigment, magnesium silicate pigment, raw linseed oil,
linseed oil modified alkyd resin, thinners and dryers. The paint shall
not contain more than four-tenths (0.4) percent aluminum stearate to
produce loose suspension of the pigment during storage.
7.2.4.2 Composition
1 The paint shall remain stable and uniform after reduction with
mineral spirits in the proportions of eight (8) parts by volume of
paint to one (1) part by volume of mineral spirits.
7.2.4.9 Brushing Properties
1 The paint, after thorough mixing, shall have satisfactory
brushing and leveling properties and show no running or sagging
tendencies when brushed on a vertical steel surface.

1 Rapid-dry red lead paint shall conform to the following 7.2.4.10 Spraying Properties
composition by weight:
1 The paint, when thinned, shall spray satisfactorily, show no
i. Paint.
tendency to orange-peel, sag, creep, or run, and shall show
Pigment Sixty-six (66) percent min. satisfactory spraying properties in all other respects. The mineral
Vehicle Thirty-four (34) percent max. spirits used as a reducer shall conform to FSS TT-T-281 Grade 1,
Non-volatile material in Fifty-six (56) percent min. and shall be tested and approved prior to use.
vehicle 7.2.4.11 Drying Time
Phthalic anhydride Fifteen (15) percent min.
1 The paint shall be touch-dry in not more than four (4) hours
based on vehicle solids
and dry-through in not more than sixteen (16) hours when applied as
Water Five-tenths (0.5) percent max.
in FSS Test Method, Standard Number 141, Method 4061.
Table 7.2.4-1: Composition of Red Lead Paint
7.2.4.12 Tinting
ii. Pigment: The extracted pigment shall conform to the
following by weight: 1 When used for the shop (prime) and second coat, sufficient
black synthetic or magnetite iron oxides shall be added to the second
coat paint as a tinting agent for identification of the coated surfaces.

7-2

7.2.5 Basic Lead Silico-Chromate Primer
7.2.5.1 Description
1 Primer shall be suitable for use as a structural metal, shop or
spot primer. It shall consist only of basic lead silico-chromate, and
red iron oxide eighty-five (85) percent, linseed-soya oil modified
alkyd resin, raw linseed oil, thinners and dryers. The primer shall not
contain more than seven-tenths (0.7) percent pigment suspended
agent. The alkyd resin shall conform to FSS TT-R-266, Type III.
7.2.5.8 Skinning
1 Skinning shall be entirely absent from a sample that has been
stored forty-eight (48) hours in a dark place in a three-quarters-filled
tightly-closed container.
7.2.5.9 Dilution Stability
1 The paint shall remain stable and uniform after reduction with
mineral spirits in the proportions of eight (8) parts by volume of
paint to one (1) part by volume of mineral spirits.

7.2.5.2 Composition 7.2.5.10 Appearance

1 Basic lead silico-chromate primer shall conform to the 1 After a flow-out panel of the paint on one hundred (100)
following by weight: millimeters by three hundred (300) millimeter clean glass plate has
i. Paint: dried in a nearly vertical position at room temperature, it shall show
no streaking or separation.
Pigment Fifty-seven (57) percent min.
Non-volatile material in Fifty-two (52) percent min. 7.2.5.11 Brushing Properties
vehicle 1 The paint, after thorough mixing, shall have satisfactory
Phthalic anhydride based Fifteen (15) percent min. brushing and leveling properties and show no running or sagging
on vehicle solids tendencies when brushed on a vertical steel surface at a spreading
Water Five-tenths (0.5) percent max. rate of twelve and three-tenths (12.3) square meters per liter.
Table 7.2.5-1: Composition of Basic Lead Silico-Chromate
7.2.5.12 Spraying Properties
Primer Paint
1 The paint, when thinned, shall spray satisfactorily, show no
ii. Pigment: The extracted pigment shall conform to the
tendency to orange-peel, sag, creep, or run, and shall show
following by weight:
satisfactory spraying properties in all other respects. The mineral
Basic lead Silico- Ninety-three and two-tenths (93.2) spirits used as a reducer shall conform to FSS TT-T-291, Grade 1
chromate percent minimum and shall be tested and approved prior to use.
Ferric oxide Four and eight-tenths (4.8) to five
7.2.5.13 Drying Time
and eight-tenths (5.8) percent
Table 7.2.5-2: Composition of Pigment for Basic Lead Silico- 1 The paint shall dry to a smooth uniform surface, free from
Chromate Primer roughness, grit, unevenness, and other surface imperfections. The
paint shall be touch-dry in not more than four (4) hours and shall
7.2.5.3 Weight per Liter dry-through in not more than sixteen (16) hours when applied as in
FSS Test Method, Standard Number 141, Method 4061.
1 Basic lead silico-chromate primer shall weigh not less than one
and six-tenths (1.6) kilograms per liter.
7.2.6 Zinc Dust-Zinc Oxide Primer
7.2.5.4 Coarse Particles
7.2.6.1 Description
1 Coarse particles and skins retained on a forty-five thousandths
1 Type II zinc dust-zinc oxide-phthalic alkyd resin primer,
(0.045) millimeter (No. 325) sieve shall not exceed one (1) percent
conforming to FSS TT-P-641d Type II, shall be a ready-to-mix paint
by weight based on pigment.
for use on galvanized metal surfaces, with the zinc oxide mill-ground
7.2.5.5 Consistency into the entire vehicle in one (1) container and the dry zinc dust in a
separate container. The zinc dust shall show an analysis of not less
1 Consistency shall be not less than seventy (70) or more than than ninety-four percent (94%) metallic zinc by weight. The zinc
eighty-three (83) Krebs Units (K.U.). oxide vehicle shall consist of zinc oxide and a vehicle containing
long oil, linseed-modified alkyd resin of the air drying type,
7.2.5.6 Flash Point
petroleum or terpene thinners, dryers and anti-skimming agents.
1 The flash point shall be not less than thirty degrees Celsius (30
C) when tested in accordance with Federal Test Method, Standard 7.2.6.2 Zinc Oxide Vehicle
Number 141, Method 4293 using Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester. 1 Composition: Zinc oxide vehicle shall conform to the
following by weight:
7.2.5.7 Condition in Container

1 The paint shall be thoroughly ground and mixed; it shall not be

settled, caked or thickened to such a degree that it cannot be
dispersed easily with a paddle to a uniform and homogenous state.

7-3
 Zinc oxide in the extracted and Ninety-eight (98) percent 7 Adhesion: After air-drying for eighteen (18) hours, baking for
ignited pigment min. three (3) hours at one hundred twenty-one degrees Celsius (121°C), a
Non-volatile material in the Forty-three (43) percent film of the mixed primer brushed on a clean new galvanized iron
vehicle min. panel, seventy-five (75) millimeters by one hundred fifty (150)
Phthalic anhydride based on Twenty-three(23) percent millimeters, shall cut loose in the form of a ribbon without flaking or
vehicle solids min. otherwise loosening from the panel when tested with a knife blade.
None 8 Brushing Properties: The mixed primer, after thorough mixing,
Rosin or rosin derivatives
shall have satisfactory brushing and leveling properties and show no
Table 7.2.6-1: Composition of Zinc Oxide Vehicle running or sagging tendencies when brushed on a vertical surface
three hundred (300) millimeters by six hundred (600) millimeters of
2 Condition in Container: The zinc oxide vehicle shall be smooth, clean, untreated galvanized iron.
thoroughly ground and mixed. It shall not be settled, caked, or
9 Spraying Properties: The mixed primer when thinned with not
thickened to such a degree that it cannot be redispersed easily with a
more than one (1) part by volume of mineral spirits to eight (8) parts
paddle to a uniform and homogenous state. It shall be readily
by volume of paint shall spray satisfactorily, show no tendency to
incorporated with the zinc dust to form a smooth uniform paint of
orange-peel, sag, creep, or run, and shall show satisfactory spraying
good brushing consistency.
properties in all other respects.
7.2.6.3 Zinc Dust-Zinc Oxide Mixed Primer 10 Drying Time: The mixed primer shall be touch-dry in not less
than thirty (30) minutes nor more than four (4) hours and dry-hard in
1 Composition.: Zinc dust-zinc oxide mixed primer shall
not more than eighteen (18) hours when applied as in FSS Test
conform to the following by weight when mixed in the proportions
Method, Standard Number 141, Method 4061.
as submitted in the original containers:
i. Primer.
7.2.7 Aluminum Paint
Pigment Sixty-two (62) to sixty-five (65) percent
Vehicle Thirty-five (35) to thirty-eight (38) percent 7.2.7.1 Description
Water Three-tenths (0.3) percent max.
1 Aluminum paint shall be composed of aluminum paste and
Table 7.2.6-2: Composition of Zinc Dust-Zinc Oxide Mixed aluminum vehicle and shall conform to the requirements specified in
Primer AASHTO M 69, Type 1. The paste and vehicle shall be delivered to
the project unmixed and in separate containers.
ii. Pigment: The extracted pigment shall conform to the
following by weight: 7.2.7.2 Proportions

Metallic zinc Seventy-four (74) percent min. 1 The mixed paint shall be prepared for use on the project by
Zinc oxide Eighteen (18) percent min combining the aluminum paste and aluminum vehicle in the
Metallic zinc plus zinc Ninety-seven (97) percent min. proportions of twenty-four hundredths (0.24) kilogram paste per liter
oxide of vehicle.
Sulfide sulfur None
7.2.7.3 Mixing
Table 7.2.6-3: Composition of Pigment for Zinc Dust-Zinc Oxide
Mixed Primer 1 The paste and vehicle shall be thoroughly mixed before use.
The quantity of paint mixed shall not be greater than will be used
2 Weight per Liter: Zinc dust-zinc oxide mixed primer shall within twenty-four (24) hours after mixing.
weigh not less than one and eight-tenths (1.8) kilograms per liter.
3 Coarse Particles: Coarse particles and skins retained on a 7.2.8 Tinted Aluminum Paint
forty-five thousandths (0.045) millimeter (No. 325) sieve shall not
exceed four (4) percent by weight based on pigment. 7.2.8.1 Description

4 Consistency: Consistency shall be not less than sixty-seven
(67) nor more than eight-six (86) Krebs Unit (K.U.).
5 Dilution Stability: The mixed primer shall remain stable and
uniform after reduction with mineral spirits in the proportions of
eight (8) parts by volume of paint to one (1) part by volume of
mineral spirits. After standing twenty-four (24) hours there shall be
no curdling or precipitation on the vehicle.
6 Flexibility: After air-drying eighteen (18) hours, baking for
twenty-four (24) hours at one hundred five degrees Celsius (105°C)
and cooling to twenty-three degrees Celsius (23°C), a film of the
mixed primer applied to flat tin panel with a five-hundredths (0.05)
millimeter Bird Film Applicator shall show no cracking after
bending double over a three (3) millimeter mandrel. This test shall be
conducted according to FSS Test Method Number 141, Method 2012.
1 Tinted aluminum paint shall consist of a mixture containing
aluminum paint that conforms to the requirements of Clause 7.2.7
and Prussian Blue Paste or Chrome Green paste, conforming to the
requirements specified in ASTM D 212 or D261.
7.2.8.2 Proportions
1 Tinted aluminum paint shall be prepared by mixing one (1)
liter of aluminum paint meeting this specification with between thirty
(30) and forty-five (45) grams of either Prussian Blue paste or
Chrome Green paste in oil or varnish.

7-4
7.2.9 Basic Lead Silico-Chromate Maroon 7.2.9.7 Skinning
Field Coat 1 Skinning shall be entirely absent from a sample that has been
7.2.9.1 Description stored forty-eight (48) hours in a dark place in a three-quarters-filled
tightly-closed container.
1 This paint is intended for use as a field coat over a properly
primed surface. Hiding power shall be sufficient to obtain a complete 7.2.9.8 Dilution Stability
hiding when applied at normal spreading rates and shall have a good
1 The paint shall remain stable and uniform after reduction with
contrast with the primer coat. This paint shall consist only of basic
mineral spirits in the proportions of eight (8) parts by volume of
lead silico-chromate, siliceous red iron oxide, raw linseed oil,
paint to one (1) part by volume of mineral spirits.
linseed-soya oil modified alkyd resin, thinners, dryers, and from five
tenths (0.5) to seven-tenths (0.7) percent suspending agent, based on 7.2.9.9 Brushing Properties
the pigment, to insure soft settlement of the pigment during storage.
The alkyd resin shall conform to FSS TT-R-266, Type III and the 1 The paint, after through mixing, shall have satisfactory
thinner to FSS TT-T-291, Grade 2. brushing and leveling properties, and show no running or sagging
tendencies, when brushed on a vertical steel surface.
7.2.9.2 Composition 7.2.9.10 Spraying Properties
1 Maroon field coat paint shall conform to the following
1 The paint, when thinned, shall spray satisfactorily, show no
composition by weight: tendency to orange-peel, sag, creep or run, and shall show
i. Paint:
satisfactory spraying properties in all other respects. The mineral
Pigment Fifty-nine and five tenth (59.5) spirits used as a reducer shall conform to FSS TT-T-291 Grade 1,
percent min. and shall be tested and approved prior to use.
Vehicle Forty and five tenths (40.5) 7.2.9.11 Drying Time
percent max.
1 The paint shall be touch-dry in no more than four (4) hours and
Non-volatile material in Fifty two (52) percent min
dry-through in not more than twenty-four (24) hours.
vehicle
Phthalic anhydride Fourteen and nine tenths (14.9) 7.2.10 Basic Lead Silico-Chromate Dark Green
percent min. Finish Coat
Water Five tenths percent max.
7.2.10.1 Description
Table 7.2.9-1: Composition of Maroon Field Coat Paint
1 This paint is intended for use as a finish coat over a properly
ii. Pigment: The extracted pigment shall conform to the primed and field-coated surface. Dark green finish coat paint shall
following by weight: consist only of basic lead silico-chromate, chromium oxide green,
Basic lead silico-chromate Sixty-six and five-tenths (66.5) phthalocyanine green and/or phthalocyanine blue, lampblack, soya
percent minimum oil modified alkyd resin, raw linseed oil, thinners, dryers and from
six-tenths (0.6) to seven-tenths (0.7) percent suspended agent, based
Siliceous red iron oxide Thirty-three (33) percent max.
on the pigment, to insure soft settlement of the pigment during
Table 7.2.9-2: Composition of Pigment for Maroon Field Coat
storage. The alkyd resin solution shall conform to FSS TT-R-266,
Paint Type I, and the thinner shall conform to FSS TTT-291, Grade 2.

7.2.9.3 Weight per Liter 7.2.10.2 Composition

1 Maroon field coat paint shall weigh not less than one and 1 Dark green finish coat paint shall conform to the following by
sixty-seven hundredths (1.67) kilograms per liter. weight:
i. Paint:
7.2.9.4 Coarse Particles
Pigment Forty-one (41) percent min.
1 Coarse particles and skins retained on a forty-five thousandths Vehicle Fifty-nine (59) percent max.
(0.0450) millimeter (No. 325) sieve shall not exceed one (1) percent Non-volatile material in Fifty-three (53) percent min.
by weight based on pigment. vehicle
Phthalic anhydride based on Twenty & five-tenths (20.5) percent
7.2.9.5 Consistency
vehicle solids max.
1 Consistency shall be not less than seventy (70) or more than Water Five-tenths (0.5) percent max.
eighty-two (82) Krebs Units (K.U.). Table 7.2.10-1: Composition of Dark Green Finish Coat Paint

7.2.9.6 Condition in Container ii. Pigment.: The extracted pigment shall conform to the
following by weight:
1 The paint shall be thoroughly ground and mixed; it shall not be
settled, caked, or thickened to such a degree that it cannot be Basic lead silico-chromate Eighty-six (86) percent min.
redispersed easily with a paddle to a uniform and homogenous state. Chromium oxide green Nine (9) percent min.
Table 7.2.10-2: Composition of Pigment for Dark Green Finish
Coat Paint

7-5
7.2.10.3 Weight per Liter 7.2.11.2 Requirements

1 Dark green finish coat paint shall weigh not less than one and
thirty-three hundredths (1.33) kilograms per liter.
7.2.10.4 Coarse Particles
1 Coarse particles and skins retained on a forty-five thousandths
(0.045) millimeter (No. 325) sieve shall not exceed one (1) percent
by weight based on pigment.
7.2.10.5 Consistency
1 Consistency shall be not less than seventy-two (72) nor more
than eighty (80) Krebs Units (K.U.).
7.2.10.6 Color
1 Dark green finish coat paint color shall be as approved by the
Engineer. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, for approval,
color chips of the paint proposed for the work.
7.2.10.7 Condition in Container
1 The paint shall be thoroughly ground and mixed; it shall not be
settled, caked, or thickened to such a degree that it cannot be
redispersed easily with a paddle to a uniform and homogenous state.
7.2.10.8 Skinning
1 Skinning shall be entirely absent from a sample that has been
stored forty-eight (48) hours in a dark place in a three-quarters-filled
tightly-closed container.
7.2.10.9 Dilution Stability
1 The paint shall remain stable and uniform after reduction with
mineral spirits in the proportions of eight (8) parts by volume of
paint to one (1) part by volume of mineral spirits.
7.2.10.10 Brushing Properties
1 The paint, after through mixing, shall have satisfactory
brushing and leveling properties, and show no running or sagging
tendencies when brushed on a vertical steel surface.
7.2.10.11 Spraying Properties
1 The paint, when thinned, shall spray satisfactorily, show no
tendency to orange-peel, sag, creep or run, and shall show
satisfactory spraying properties in all other respects. The mineral
spirits used as a reducer shall conform to FSS TT-T-291 Grade 1,
and shall be tested and approved prior to use.
7.2.10.12 Drying Time
1 The paint shall be touch-dry in not less than twenty (20)
minutes or more than four (4) hours and dry-through in not more
than twenty-four (24) hours.
7.2.11 Zinc Dust Paint
7.2.11.1 Description
1 Zinc dust paint shall be a ready-mixed, high zinc dust content
paint suitable for repairing damaged spelter coating on galvanized
steel.
1 The paint shall comply with all the requirements of U.S.
Military Specification MIL-P-21035 (Ships), Paint, High Zinc Dust
Content, Galvanizing Repair, dated August 23, 1957, with the
following additions and exceptions:
i. The paint shall be supplied ready-mixed. Material
supplied in two (2) compartment cans to be mixed on
the job will not be accepted.
ii. Pigment content expressed as a weight percent of total
nonvolatile content may be a minimum of ninety-two
(92) instead of the ninety-four (94) minimum required
by the Military Specification.
iii. Percent metallic zinc by analysis in the pigment may be
minimum of ninety-four (94) instead of the ninety-
seven and five-tenths (97.5) minimum required by the
Military Specification.
7.2.12 Gloss Enamel
7.2.12.1 Description
1 Gloss paint shall be a high-grade synthetic-type high gloss
enamel for use on exterior and interior metal. It shall be highly
weather-resistant and characterized by easy brushing, good color and
gloss retention, good drying and flexibility, with freedom from after-
tack.
7.2.12.2 Requirements
1 The paint shall conform to Federal Specification TT-E-489,
Class A, Air Drying. This enamel may be thinned with Thinner;
Federal Specification TT-T-291E, Type II, Grade A (Mineral Spirits).
7.2.13 Sampling and Testing
1 All materials shall be accompanied by the manufacturer's
certificate of guarantee. The certificate shall give the quantity of
paint in the shipment and shall identify the paint by order number,
project location and destination. Materials not accompanied by a
certificate of guarantee shall be sampled in the field and samples
submitted to an approved independent laboratory for testing.
2 The Engineer will approve materials on the basis of the
certificates of guarantee and/or laboratory tests, but reserves the right
to resample and have retested any materials used during the progress
of the work. Should the paint not conform to the specifications, it
shall be rejected, previous approval notwithstanding.
3 Materials and paints shall be analyzed or tested by the methods
specified in the ASTM, AASHTO, or FSS Test Method Standard No.
141, for the material to be analyzed or tested.
4 No paint or paint materials shall be used which have not been
approved by the Engineer. Paint or paint materials for which samples
and/or certificates of guarantee of the same paint or paint materials
have previously been submitted to the Engineer and approved
thereby may be used if the additional shipments are accompanied by
the manufacturer's guarantee that the product is equal in all respects
to the previously approved materials.
5 The required color, and, if applicable, texture of the coating
shall be as specified on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer

7-6
and the coating shall be selected by the Engineer on the basis of trial
panels prepared by the Contractor.
6 The Contractor shall supply manufacturer's samples,
specifications and chemical compositions of paint(s) meeting the
requirements of these specifications and which correspond to the
color and texture specified. A minimum of five (5) samples per pay
item shall be provided, of which not more than three (3) shall be
from any one manufacturer. The Engineer shall select a maximum of
three (3) coatings per pay item for which trial panels shall be
constructed by the Contractor as specified herein.
7.2.14 Portland Cement Paint
7.2.14.1 Description
1 Cement paint shall conform to the US Federal Specification
TTP- 0035(1) - Paint, Cementitious, Powder, White and Colors and
is intended for use on properly prepared concrete surfaces; this paint
shall not be applied over old paint or other types of surfaces.
Portland cement paint is suitable for use on interior and exterior
concrete surfaces, below and above grade, under normal service and
climatic conditions. Where more stringent requirements are
anticipated, preference shall be given to solvent based polymer paints,
described below under Clause 7.2.15.
7.2.14.2 Composition
1 Portland cement paint shall be a water-based pigmented
cement wash coating, having properties similar to the concrete
surface itself. Portland cement paint shall be supplied as dry powder
to be mixed with water prior to using. After addition of water,
thorough mixing shall follow to obtain a creamy consistency to
facilitate a uniform application, and paint shall thereafter be used
within the time limits specified by the manufacturer.
7.2.14.3 Colors
1 Portland cement paint colors shall be as shown on the
Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
7.2.15 Polymer Latex Paint
7.2.15.1 Description
1 Polymer latex paint shall conform to the US Federal
Specifications TT-P-0033 - Paint, Latex Base, Exterior, or TT-P-96D
- Paint Latex Base, for Exterior Surfaces and is intended for use on
properly prepared concrete surfaces, not less than 3 weeks old, with
normal, high or varying moisture content, on masonry surfaces, and
on other types of old paints. Application over other types of paint is
subject to the manufacturer's written instructions and limitations, and
to the approval of the Engineer. Polymer latex paint is suitable for
use on interior and exterior concrete and masonry surfaces, below
and above grade, under normal service and climatic conditions.
Where more stringent requirements are anticipated, preference shall
be given to solvent-based polymer paints, described under Clause.
7.2.15.2 Composition
1 Polymer latex paint shall be a water-based dispersion of
pigments and polymeric film-forming materials. Film formers may
be butadiene-styrene, chlorinated rubber, vinyl acetate or butyrate, or
acrylic resins. Exterior grade shall be used in all cases, with a flat or
semi-gloss mildew-resistant finish, as shown on the Drawings or as
directed.
7.2.15.3 Colors
1 Polymer latex paint colors shall be as shown on the Drawings
or as directed by the Engineer.
7.2.16 Polymer Paint
7.2.16.1 Description
1 Polymer paint shall conform to the requirements of the US
Federal Specifications TT-P-1411A-Paint, Copolymer Resin,
Cementitious; TT-P-95CPaint, Rubber for Swimming Pools and
Other Concrete and Masonry Surfaces; TT-P-97DPaint, Styrene-
Butadiene Solvent Type, White; TT-P-1181A(1)-Paint, Styrene-
Acrylate Solvent Types, Tints and Deep Tones; TT-C-545 D(1) -
Coating : Polyester-Epoxy (Two Component), High-Build, Gloss and
Semigloss, White and Tints; TT-C-1659A – Coatings : Epoxy
Emulsion, Two-Component Gloss and Semigloss; TT-C-535B(1) -
Coating, Epoxy, Two Component; TT-C-542D - Coating,
Polyurethane, Oil Free, Moisture Curing; or MIL-C-22750C -
Coating, Epoxy-Polyamide. Polymer paint is intended for use on
properly prepared interior or exterior concrete and masonry surfaces,
with low or relatively stable moisture content, below and above
grade, under normal or adverse service conditions and normal, humid
or wet climatic conditions; and on certain types of old paints, subject
to the manufacturer's written instructions/ limitations, to the approval
of the Engineer, and as herein specified.
7.2.16.2 Composition
1 Single-component polymer paints shall be pigmented solvent-
based solutions of resins, such as chlorinated rubber, styrene
butadiene and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers. Such ‘rubber-
based’ paints shall be of a formulation so as to possess a
considerable degree of flexibility and extensibility when applied to
the specified thickness, in order to maintain a continuous coating
over minor cracks which may exist or develop in the concrete
substrate.
2 The paint formulation shall have a potential to resist soiling
and be cleanable with commercial detergents. Thermoplastic
formulations and formulations soluble in organic solvents shall not
be approved for use on surfaces that need to be cleaned with steam
cleaning or strong detergents and aggressive solvents.
3 Two-component polymer paints: One of the components shall
be a pigmented solution of a compounded polymer, with or without
solvent, such as epoxy, urethane or polyester; the other component
shall contain a reactive chemical, the hardener. After mixing the two
components to the manufacturer's instructions, application to the
substrate and curing, the painted surface shall be a hard, strong,
chemical- and moisture-resistant film with excellent adhesion to the
7-7
protected, properly prepared surface. The finished surface shall be
easy to clean, resistant to fungus and strong detergents, and inert to
heat and steam in order to be used as anti-graffiti paint, when
required. Two-component epoxy formulations shall not be used on
surfaces that are exposed to sunlight. In such cases, two-component
exterior grade urethane formulations (aliphatic grades) shall be
approved for use.
7.2.16.3 Colors
1 Polymer paint colors shall be as shown on the Drawings or as
directed by the Engineer.
7.2.17 Acrylic Emulsion Paint
1 Acrylic emulsion paint shall comply in all respects with the
following Master Painters Institute Detailed Performance Standards:
i. MPI #10 for flat paint,
ii. MPI #11 for semi-gloss, or
iii. MPI #119 for gloss.
2 The paint may be tinted by using ‘universal’ or ‘all purpose’
concentrates.
7.3 Construction Requirements
7.3.1 General
1 Painting of steel and concrete structures and other metal,
concrete and masonry shall include proper cleaning and preparation
of the substrate surfaces; application, protection, drying, and curing
of the paint coatings;protection of pedestrian, vehicular or other
traffic upon or underneath or near the work; and protection of other
completed work against disfigurement by spatters, splashes and
smirches, of paint or of paint material.
7.3.2 Application
7.3.2.1 General
1 The paint shall be applied in accordance with the following
procedures:
i. Paint may be applied with brushes or by spraying,
except for aluminum paint, which shall be applied by
spraying. All spraying equipment shall be subject to the
Engineer's approval. If work done by spraying is not
satisfactory to the Engineer, hand brushing will be
required,
ii. Paint shall be applied only when the air temperature is
at or above five degrees Celsius (5oC.). It shall not be
applied upon damp surfaces or when the air is misty or
otherwise unsatisfactory for the work.
iii. Paint shall not be applied in the open on metal or other
surfaces that are too hot and which will cause the paint
to blister and produce a porous paint film. Material
painted under cover shall remain under cover until dry
and when weather conditions permit its exposure in the
open.
iv. When brushes are used, the paint shall be spread to
produce a uniform even coating in close contact with
7-8
the substrate, or with previously applied paint. To
secure a maximum thickness of paint film upon rivet
heads, the edges of plates, angles, or other rolled shapes,
these areas shall be ‘striped’ in advance of the general
painting, and shortly afterwards shall be given a second
or ‘wash’ coat when the general coat is applied. The
paint shall be well-worked into all joints and open
spaces.
v. Power spraying equipment shall apply the paint in a
fine, even spray, without the addition of thinner. Paint,
when applied with spray equipment shall be
immediately followed by brushing, when necessary, to
secure uniform coverage and to eliminate wrinkling,
blistering and air holes.
vi. On all surfaces which are inaccessible for paint brushes,
the paint shall be applied with sheepskin daubers
specially constructed for the purpose.
vii. Unless otherwise permitted or required by the
manufacturer's printed instructions, the following shall
apply:
- Water-based paints shall be applied when the
temperatures of the surfaces to be painted and of
the surrounding air are between ten and thirty-
two degrees Celsius (10o- 32o C).
- Solvent-based paints shall be applied when the
temperatures of the surfaces to be painted and of
the surrounding air are between seven and thirty-
five degrees Celsius (7o-35o C).
- Paint shall not be applied in fog, mist, rain or
when the relative humidity exceeds eighty-five
percent (85%). Painting operations shall not start
when rain is anticipated to strike the painted
surface within twenty-four (24) hours of
application.
7.3.3 Concrete Surfaces
7.3.3.1 Preparation
1. Concrete surfaces to receive paint shall be prepared to ensure
complete adhesion of the coating material.
i. Preparation of concrete and masonry surfaces shall
comply with the requirements of this Specification. Due
to the continuous development of new products,
absolute adherence to the paint manufacturer's
recommendations and written instructions is critical for
the proper performance of the work. The Engineer may,
at any time, require the presence of the manufacturer's
technical representative on site, for as long as the
Engineer deems necessary, to ensure proper execution
of the work.
ii. The concrete and masonry surfaces shall not be
contaminated by chemicals, such as form release agents
or curing compounds that can prevent good adhesion
between the paint material and the substrate. The
surfaces shall be newly exposed, free of loose, weak
and unsound materials. laitance, efflorescence,
inadequately cured concrete, and condensed surface
moisture are conditions objectionable to paint
 application. The dryness or dampness of the surface
shall be compatible with the paint type to be used as
per the manufacturer's instructions.
iii. Preparation of repaired concrete surfaces may include
chemical cleaning and mechanical cleaning. Acid
etching shall be employed only at the recommendation
of the paint manufacturer and upon approval by the
Engineer, and shall be performed by crews experienced
in its use.
iv. Chemical cleaning shall be employed prior to
mechanical cleaning or acid etching when removal of
surface contaminants such as oil, grease and dirt is
required. Solutions of caustic soda or tri-sodium
phosphate may be used, as well as proprietary
detergents specially formulated for use on concrete.
Solvents shall not be used for this purpose. The
approved detergent shall be applied with vigorous
scrubbing, followed by flushing with water to remove
all traces of both the detergent and the contaminant.
v. Mechanical cleaning may include scarification and
grinding when small areas are involved. For larger
areas, wet sandblasting and, preferably, high-pressure
water jetting shall be employed. Conventional dry
sandblasting shall not be permitted.
vi. Acid to be used for etching, when approved, shall be a
10/90 maximum dilution ratio of commercial grade
phosphoric acid in water solution, applied at a rate of
one (1.0) liter per square meter of surface to be
prepared. Hydrochloric acid solutions shall not be
permitted for this purpose. For small areas, plastic
sprinkling cans may be used for dispensing the acid
solution. Larger areas shall be sprayed with low
pressure automatic spray equipment. Upon subsidy of
the foaming action of the acid (3 to 5 minutes) the
entire treated surface shall be thoroughly flushed with
water, while scrubbed with stiff bristle or wire brushes
to remove the salts formed on the surface and to
dislodge loose particles. The adequacy of the flushing
operation shall be checked at several points within the
cleaned area by placing litmus or pH paper on the wet
surface to determine whether the acid has been
completely neutralized. Further flushing may be
necessary to ensure an absolutely neutralized surface.
vii. When forced drying of wet surfaces is necessary, as
approved by the Engineer, heat may be applied or dry,
oil-free air may be blown over the surface.
viii. Concrete and masonry surfaces to be painted shall be
tested for surface quality prior to application of paint.
Tests shall include cleanliness, dryness and strength
qualities of the substrate as specified below.
ix. Cleanliness of Surface.
- Dusty condition: wipe the surface with a dark
cloth; if a white powder is on the cloth, the
surface is unsatisfactory.
- Oily condition: Sprinkle water on the dried
suspect surface; if the water spreads out
immediately instead of standing as droplets, the
surface is not contaminated by oils
- Acid condition: Use pH paper to determine the
acidity at the concrete surface; a pH value below
four (4) is unacceptable.
x. Dryness of Surface: Unless otherwise specified by the
paint manufacturer, this test is applicable only to
solvent-based paints. Water-based paints may be
required to be applied on damp surfaces to promote
adhesion; however, free-standing water on the surface
to be painted shall not be acceptable.
Moisture content is considered excessive on a tested
surface, if moisture collects at the bond plane between
the concrete and the paint material before the paint has
cured. Tape a one and two tenths by one and two tenths
(1.20 x 1.20) meters clear, polyethylene sheet to the
tested surface and determine the time required for
moisture to collect on the underside of the sheet.
Compare the time required for moisture to collect, (1),
with the time required for the paint to cure, (2), as
supplied by the paint manufacturer. If (1) is greater than
(2), the surface is adequately dry.
xi. Strength of Surface, when laitance is present: Unless
otherwise specified by the paint manufacturer, this test
is applicable to water-based paints and to two-
component, solvent-based paints.
Where loose powdery material is readily observed following the
scraping of the surface with a putty knife, excessive laitance is
present that could adversely affect the adhesion of the paint. The
paint manufacturer should be consulted as to the intensity of
mechanical cleaning required.
7.3.3.2 Painting
1 Portland cement paint shall be applied to damp surfaces
without any free surface water. After application, the paint shall be
cured by keeping it moist for forty-eight (48) to seventy-two (72)
hours. For two-coat applications, the second coat shall be applied
within twenty-four (24) hours from completion of the first coat. Dry
film thickness shall be not less than three hundred eighty (380)
microns per coat. One coat shall be applied, unless otherwise shown
on the plans.
2 Polymer latex paint shall be applied to damp concrete surfaces,
so water will not be absorbed from the paint before it has a chance to
properly cure, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. When
latex paint does not properly adhere to chalky surfaces, the prior
application of a low viscosity penetrant primer will be required, per
the manufacturer's instructions. Any embedded or adjacent steel
work shall be coated with a rust inhibitive primer as specified in this
Section, before application of any water-based paint. Dry film
thickness shall be not less than sixty-five (65) microns per coat. Two
coats shall be applied, excluding sealer or primer, unless otherwise
shown on the plans
3 Polymer paint shall be applied to dry surfaces, unless
otherwise specifically permitted by the paint manufacturer in writing.
Two-component paints require the mixture of the two components
supplied as a kit, in the correct proportions as per the manufacturer's
instructions. To ensure a complete chemical reaction between the
hardener and the polymer, power stirrers shall be used for thorough
mixing. The paint shall be used after expiration of the required
induction period and within the expected pot-life period of the mixed
7-9
system, as specified by the manufacturer. Should thinning or
viscosity reduction be necessary, only thinners recommended by the
manufacturer shall be used. Thinners shall be added only after the
two components are blended.
Dry film thickness shall be not less than forty (40) microns per coat.
A minimum of two coats shall be applied, excluding primer, unless
otherwise shown on the plans or recommended by the paint
manufacturer for the intended purpose.
4 All finished coatings shall be uniform in color and texture, free
from runs, drops, ridges, waves, laps, etc., and shall match the color
and texture of the approved sample panel to the Engineer's
satisfaction.
5 Should any coating, in the Engineer's opinion, be non-uniform
in color and/or texture or should there be runs, drops, ridges, waves,
laps, etc., in the coating, the Contractor shall propose remedial works
for the Engineer's approval. Should the Contractor's proposals be
unacceptable, or should the remedial works result in an
unsatisfactory finish, the Engineer shall require the Contractor to:
- Recoat the complete area affected; or
- Remove, to the extent possible, the coating from the
affected area and reapply the coating.
The Engineer shall notify the Contractor which option he requires
and, in the case of a re-coating being unsatisfactory, the Engineer
shall require the Contractor to remove, to the extent possible, the re-
coating and the original coating and re-apply a new coating. All re-
coating works and removal and re-application of coatings shall be at
the Contractor's expense.
6 If the color of the coating departs from that of the approved
trial panel color to a degree which, in the opinion of the Engineer, is
unacceptable, the Contractor shall stop application and shall
demonstrate to the Engineer's satisfaction that the coating
formulation and/or application method can be suitably adjusted to
produce a color matching that of the trial panel. If considered
necessary by the Engineer, the Contractor shall produce additional
trial panel(s) at his own expense to demonstrate that a color match
can be obtained.
7 If, in the opinion of the Engineer, a satisfactory color match
cannot be obtained, the Engineer, at his option, may require the
Contractor to remove, to the extent possible, the unacceptable
coating applied to the permanent works and/or to apply an alternative
coating. Such an alternative coating will be selected by the Engineer
on the basis of the previously prepared trial panels, except that where
in the opinion of the Engineer such trial panels are unacceptable, the
Contractor shall supply additional manufacturer's samples and trial
panels as the Engineer may require until a coating satisfactory to the
Engineer is obtained.
8 Acrylic emulsion paint for concrete shall be applied in not less
than two applications to produce a uniform appearance. The paint
shall be applied only when the ambient temperature is 10 degree C or
above. Painting shall not be permitted when it can be anticipated that
the ambient temperature will drop below 10 degree C during the
application and drying of the paint.
7.3.4 Structural Steel Requirements
1 Unless otherwise specified on the Drawings, or in the Special
Specification, all new structural steel shall be given three (3) coats of
7-10
paint. The first coat shall be applied immediately after shop
fabrication is complete. The second and third coats shall be applied
after all erection is complete, except that immediately following the
field riveting or bolting of members, the heads of field rivets, bolts,
and all abrasions of the shop coat due to handling at the shop,
shipment, erection, etc., and all field erection marks shall be
thoroughly covered with one (1) coat of primer as specified for shop
coat and permitted to become thoroughly dry before the first field
coat is applied.
2 All metal coated with impure or unauthorized paint shall be
thoroughly cleaned and repainted to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Prime coats of paint shall be at least four hundredths (0.04)
millimeter thick when dry and each intermediate and finish coat of
paint shall be at least three hundredths (0.03) millimeter thick when
dry. No portion of the paint films shall be less than these specified
thicknesses. The film thickness shall be not so great that either the
appearance or service life of the paint will be detrimentally affected.
7.3.5 Shop Coat (Prime)
7.3.5.1 Shop Cleaning
1 All surfaces of metal to be painted shall be thoroughly cleaned
of rust, loose mill scale, dirt, oil or grease, and all other foreign
substances. The removal of rust, scale and dirt shall generally be
done by the use of metal brushes, scrapers, chisels, hammers,
sandblasting, or other effective means. Oil and grease may be
removed by the use of gasoline or benzene. Bristle or wood fiber
brushes shall be used for removing loose dirt. Unless cleaning is to
be done by sandblasting, all weld areas, before cleaning is done, shall
be neutralized with a proper chemical, after which they shall be
thoroughly rinsed with water. All cleaning shall conform to the
requirements of AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway
Bridges.
7.3.5.2 Shop Painting
1 Shop painting shall be done in accordance with the following
procedures:
i. When all fabrication work is complete and has been
accepted, all surfaces not painted before assembling
shall be given an approved shop coat of paint. Steel
members shall not be loaded for shipment until
thoroughly dry. No painting shall be done after loading.
ii. Structural steel which is to be welded shall not be
painted before welding is complete. If it is to be welded
only in the fabricating shop and subsequently erected
by bolting, it shall receive one (1) coat of paint after
shop welding is finished. Steel which is to be field
welded shall be given one (1) coat of boiled linseed oil
or other approved protected coating after shop welding
and shop fabrication are completed.
iii. Surfaces of metal to be in contact when assembled shall
not be painted. Surfaces of field connections gusset
plates of trusses and areas of girders or plates where
floor beam or stringer connections are to come in
contact shall not be painted.
iv. With the exception of pins and pinholes in bearings,
unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, all surfaces
except those described in Subparagraph iii, whether
 machine finished or otherwise, shall be given the regular
coat of shop paint, and those parts inaccessible after
erection shall be given two (2) coats of field paint. Pins
and pinholes shall be coated, as soon as practicable after
being accepted, with a hot mixture of white lead and
tallow before removal from the shop.
v. The composition used for coating machine finished
surfaces shall be mixed in the following proportions:
- One and eight-tenths (1.8) kilograms of pure
tallow
- Nine-tenths (0.9) kilograms of pure white lead
- Ninety-five hundredths (0.95) liters of pure
linseed oil
vi. Erection marks for field identification of members shall
be painted upon previously painted surfaces.
7.3.6 Field Coat
7.3.6.1 Field Cleaning
1 When the erection work is complete, including all riveting,
bolting, welding, straightening of bent metal, etc., all adhering rust,
scale, dirt, grease, or other foreign matter shall be removed as
specified under Paragraph 7.3.5.1, ‘Shop Cleaning’.
7.3.6.2 Field Painting
1 As soon as the field cleaning is done to the satisfaction of the
Engineer, the heads of field rivets and bolts, welded surfaces, and
any surface from which the shop paint has worn off, or has otherwise
become defective, and all shipping and erection marks, shall be
touched up by covering with one (1) coat of the same type of paint
used in the shop, and allowed to become dry before the first field
coat is applied.
2 When the paint for ‘touching up’ coat has become dry, the first
and second field coats may be applied. In no case shall a succeeding
coat be applied until the previous coat has dried through the full
thickness of the paint film.
3 All small cracks and cavities which have not become sealed by
the first coat shall be filled with a paste mixture of red lead and
linseed oil before the second coat is applied.
4 Contractor shall, take precautions to prevent dust and dirt
from coming in contact with freshly painted surfaces or with surfaces
before the paint is applied.
7.3.7 Bridge Railings and Guardrails
7.3.7.1 Bridge Railings
1 Metal bridge railing shall be painted as specified in the Special
Specification.
2 Aluminum hand rails shall not be painted except for the
portion of posts to be inserted in concrete which shall first be painted
with one (1) coat of zinc dust-zinc oxide primer (Clause 7.2.6) to a
point two (2) centimeters above the concrete line. The aluminum
hand rail after erection shall be wiped with a rag saturated with
lacquer thinner to remove stains
7.3.7.2 Guardrail
1 Guardrail posts and beams shall be painted if specified in the
Special Specifications. Under no circumstances shall any paint other
than zinc dust-zinc oxide primer (Clause 7.2.6) be used for the shop
or prime coat on galvanized guardrails.
7.3.8 Painting Existing Structures
1 The painting of existing structures shall be done in accordance
with the following procedures:
i. Preparation shall include the removal of the rust, scale,
dead paint, dirt, grease or other foreign matter from all
parts of existing bridge structures.
ii. The requirements and methods e for cleaning and
painting shall be the same as specified for shop and
field painting herein.
iii. All metal surfaces not in close contact with other metal
surfaces or truss members, concrete, stone masonry, or
other structure materials shall be considered as exposed
to deterioration by rusting and shall be thoroughly
cleaned and given the number of coats of designated
paint stated in the Special Specification.
iv. Unless otherwise stated, the metal shall be given at least
two (2) coats of paint.
v. When repainting with the same type of paint as that on
an existing surface, the surface shall be thoroughly
washed with commercial detergents, or, where
approved, with solvents, to remove any dirt, chalk and
grime accumulation, along with dead paint.
vi. When repainting with a different type of paint from that
on an existing surface, the Contractor shall ensure that
the paint is compatible with the existing paint.
vii. Loose paint, curled edges and blistered paint shall be
removed before repainting. Light wet sandblasting,
water-jet blasting, machine sanding, or paint strippers
may be utilized.
viii. Filling of cracks and holes in the concrete shall be done
in the same manner as for new concrete. If the old paint
has become partially removed, but that remaining is in
good condition, the bare areas shall be painted first,
followed by two coats over all. If the old paint is
blistered or peeling due to efflorescence, the cause shall
be investigated and the Engineer will instruct corrective
measures or, the type of paint may be changed.
7.3.9 Painting Steel Piling and Steel Pile Shells
1 Unless otherwise provided in the Drawings or Special
Specification, steel bearing piles, steel sheet piles, and steel pile
shells need not be painted if they are to be encased in concrete or
other solid waterproof materials from six hundred (600) millimeters
below the water line or ground line to the tops of the piles.
2 When steel bearing piles, and steel pile shells are not to be
encased, or when provided in the plans, they shall be painted in
accordance with the requirements stated hereinbefore, except that
three (3) coats of shop paint shall be applied from the tops of the
piles to an elevation three (3) meters below the water line or finished
ground line before driving, and then two (2) field coats of paint as
specified for structural steel shall be applied to each steel bearing
7-11
pile, or steel pile shell which extends above the low water line or
finished ground line after driving.

7.3.10 Painting Steel Pile Enclosures and Tubular

Steel Piers
1 The exterior surfaces of steel pile enclosures and tubular steel
piers shall be painted in accordance with the requirements of Clause
7.3.8, Painting Existing Structures.

7.4 Method of Measurement

1 No separate measurement is made for painting of new

structures and miscellaneous metalwork, and piling which work is
considered subsidiary to other sections. The rates stated in the Bill of
Quantities for the work of the relevant section shall be deemed to
include for painting.
2 Painting of existing structures shall be measured in square
meters of the actual area painted..
3 Trial panels made by the Contractor to determine suitability of
surface preparation methods and of the finished coating color and/or
texture shall not be measured for payment.

7.5 Basis of Payments

1 Painting or repainting in whole or in part of existing

structure(s) shall rank for payment of the amount of completed and
accepted work as measured, at the unit rate(s) bid per square meter as
specified in the Bill of Quantities.
2 Unit rates shall be full compensation for furnishing all labor,
transport, materials, equipment, tools, tackle, scaffolding and any
other equipment, and for performing all surface preparation and
cleaning and all other items necessary for the proper completion of
the work.

7.6 Items in the Bill of Quantities

Payment will be made under one or more of the following:
i Painting of existing concrete structure
(state type) (sq.m.)
ii Painting of existing steel structure
(state type) (sq.m.)
iii Painting of existing steel railing
(state type) (lin.m.)

7-12