1.

This school year, synchronous online discussions are hold at least once a
week and students need to accomplish the required modular activities on
asynchronous class. This teaching and learning setup is something new
particularly among students.  A survey was conducted among students,
and they were asked how they perceived the new teaching-learning
setup?  At a .05 level of significance, is there significance difference on
male and female students’ perceptions of the new teaching-learning
setup?  The survey results are shown on the table below.  

Males Females Total

Frustrating 22 18   40

Challenging 15 30   45

Interesting 23 12   35

Total 60 60 120

Null : There is no significance difference on male and female students’

perceptions of the new teaching-learning setup.
Alternative : There is significance difference on male and female students’
perceptions of the new teaching-learning setup
Level of significance .05
Degree of freedom = (row –1)(column –1) (3-1)(2-1) = 2
Critical X2 = 5.99
Decision rule: Reject null hypothesis ifX2> 5.99; otherwise, do not reject the
null hypothesis
 Fo Fe (fo –fe)2/ fe

Frustrating Male 22 (40 X 60)/120 = 20 0.2

Frustrating Female 18 (40 X 60)/120 = 20 0.2

Challenging Male 15 (45 x 60)/120 = 22.5 2.5

Challenging Female 30 (45 x 60)/120 = 22.5 2.5

Interesting Male 23 (35 x 60)/120 = 17.5 1.73

Interesting Female 12 (35 x 60)/120 = 17.5 1.73

Total 120 120 8.86

Conclusion: Reject the null hypothesis, 8.86 > 5.99; which means there is
significant difference on male and female students’ perceptions of the new
teaching-learning setup

Recommendation
The results show that males and females have different perceptions on the
new setup. I recommend to find the problems of both males and females, in
order to make the new set up better for the students.

1. A survey conducted by a private school to determine parents’ and

teachers’ confidence that the school will meet the standards set by the No
Child Left Behind program. The result of the survey is shown on the table
below. At a 0.01 level of significance, is there significant difference
between parents’ and teachers’ confidence that the school will meet the
standards set by the program?

Parents Teachers Total

Very confident   455 361   816

Not very confident   545 439   984

Total 1000 800 1800

Null: There is no significant difference between parents’ and teachers’ confidence that the school will
meet the standards set by the program.
Alternative : There is significant difference between parents’ and teachers’ confidence that the school
will meet the standards set by the program.

Level of significance 0.01

Degree of freedom = (row –1)(column –1) (2-1)(2-1) = 1

Critical X2 = 6.63

Decision rule: Reject null hypothesis if X2 > 6.63; otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
Fo Fe (fo –fe)2/ fe

0.0061
Very confident Parents 455 (816 x 1000) /1800
= 453.33

0.0076
Very confident 361 (816 x 800)/ 1800
Teachers = 362.67

0.0051
Not very confident 545 (984 x 1000)/1800
Parents = 546.67

0.0064
Not very confident 439 (984 x 800) / 1800
Teachers =437.33
Total 1800 1800 0.0252

Conclusion: Accept the null hypothesis 0.0252 < 6.63 Which means that
There is no significant difference between parents’ and teachers’ confidence
that the school will meet the standards set by the program.

Recommendation: The confidence level of both parents and teachers are not
distant to each other Which means that the school is doing a good job and
continue doing their job to rise the standard.