Management Process

&
Organizational Behavior

BBA 101
By: Nikita Singla
Assistant Professor
RDIAS

BBA 101 1
Introduction to
Management &
its Significance
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 Learning Outcome
After studying this topic, students will be able to:
• Compare and contrast between traditional and modern view of management
• Understand the nature and process of management
• Understand the objectives and importance of management

PO1: Use knowledge of management concepts, theories and practices in different business scenarios

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 Organization
• Organization
– A systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose; applies to
all organizations—for-profit as well as not-for-profit organizations.
– Where managers work (manage)
• Common characteristics
– Goals
– Structure
– People

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What is Management?

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 Management
• “Management is the art of getting things done through people.”
By- Mary Parker Follett
• “Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working
together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims or goals.”
By- Koontz and Weihrich
• Management is the process of utilization of human resources and physical resources (i.e., Capital, machines,
materials, etc.) In such a manner that organizational objectives are achieved effectively & efficiently.

Effectively Efficiency
It refers to accomplishment of organizational goals. It refers to efficient utilization of resources to
accomplish organizational goals.
Its focus is on end results. Its focus is on getting maximum output using
minimum of resources.
It is a multi-dimensional concept & is concerned with It is uni-dimensional in nature & is concerned with
satisfaction of customers, employees, investors & the efficient use of resources only.
other stakeholders of the business.
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Organizational Social Personal
Objectives Objectives Objectives
Supply of quality
Good salary and
goods at reasonable
other benefits
prices
Survival
Generation of Opportunities for
employment training, promotion
opportunities etc

Financial support to
Recognition
community projects

Profit
Environment Good and healthy
protection working conditions

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 Characteristics of Management
1. Goal oriented
2. Continuous process
3. Coordinative Force
4. Intangible Force
5. Group Effort
6. Cooperation of Others
7. Balance between Effectiveness & Efficiency
8. Dynamic Discipline
9. Science as well as an Art
10. Pervasive

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 Importance of Management
1. Accomplishment of Goals
2. Effective Utilization of Resources
3. Sound Organization
4. Providing Vision & Foresight
5. Harmony In Work
6. Helps the employees in achieving personal objectives
7. Development of society & nation

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Functions of
Management

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 Management is called a process because it
comprises of functions that lead to the
achievement of certain objective.
It comprises of 5 elements-
1. Planning
2. Organising
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. Controlling

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Management &
Administration

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 Management Discipline
• As a Science
• As an Art
• As a Profession

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 Management As A Science
Science is a systematized body of knowledge pertaining to a particular field of enquiry.
It contains concepts, hypotheses, theories and principles to explain cause and effect relationship between
two or more factors. Any subject which is scientifically developed and consists of universally accepted
principles is a science.
Characteristics-
1. Systematized body of knowledge
2. Scientific observation
3. Experimentation
4. Verifiable Principles
5. Universal Application

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 Management As A Science
Management is not a perfect science because:
• Many of the principles of management are not supported by research
• Difficult to establish cause and effect relationship
• Application of management principles depends upon situations and factors
• Management deals with people. Difficult to predict their behavior. It is a social process.

Management principles are situation bound because of which applicability does not necessarily lead to the
same result every time. That is why it is also called a Soft science

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 Management As An Art
Art signifies the application of knowledge and personal skills to bring about desired results.
Features
– Body of knowledge
– Personalized application of knowledge and skills
– Practice
– Creativity

Management is considered an art because:

– Management as a body of knowledge is a science, its application is an art
– Art of management can be learnt through continuous practice.
– Every manager has to apply his personal skills to deal with various problems.
– Management is creative in the sense that managing creates new situation needed for further
improvement.

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 Management As A Profession
The term ‘profession’ may be defined as an occupation backed by specialized body of knowledge and training
and to which entry is regulated by a representative body.

Features
• Specialized knowledge
• Restricted entry based on formal training
• Representative association
• Ethical code
• Social responsibilities
• Professional fee

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 Challenges of Management
1. Changing needs and expectations of customers rendering the existing processes and products
obsolete.
2. Economic and industrial policy changes leading to tough competition from multinational corporations.
3. Changing profile of workers.
4. Changing technology leading to obsolescence of present skills and techniques.
5. Changing international environment requiring free flow of capital, technology & goods and services
throughout the world.

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 Conclusion
• Management is an art of getting things done through people
• Management objective, nature & importance
• Functions: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling
• Management as an Art- Body of knowledge, Personalized application of knowledge and skills, Practice
and creativity
• Management as a Science-Systematic body of knowledge, Scientific observation, Experimentation,
Verifiable principles and Universal application
• Management as a Profession- Specialized knowledge, Restricted entry based on formal training,
Representative association, Ethical code, Social responsibilities and Professional fee

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 Source
• T. N. Chhabra, Management Process and Organizational Behaviour
• S.Chand C.B. Gupta- Management Process and Organizational Behaviour

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