MUSIC OF INDONESIA

GAMELAN- is the indonesian’s most popular and well-known form of music

- it is the largest and most varied gong ensemble.
-the word gamelan came from the javanese words gamel(hammer) and balinese
gambeli(to play musically).

JAVANESE- is usually used for court ceremonies

BALINESE- sacred music is used

METALLOPHONES- tuned metal bars

MEMBRANOPHONES- drums covered with animal skin

TRADITIONAL ORCHESTRA- consists of pitched percussion instruments of

metallophones, membranophones, gongs, and spike fiddles.
-number of players ranges to 30 to 50 members
-the players sit on the floor barefoot when playing the instruments.

GAMELAN ORCHESTRA- is believed to be sacred and has supernatural powers

-give respect to the instruments by bowing before playing
-stepping over the instruments is considered a sign of disrespect.

TUNING SYSTEM
SLENDRO- 5 tones
PELOG- 7 tones

VOCAL MUSIC- is used as ornamentation of the gamelan.

PASIDHEN- female soloist
GERONG- group of male chorus

BURUNG KAKATUA-The traditional music of Indonesia

MUSIC OF THAILAND
THAILAND- the land of the free
- said to be the only nation in SOUTHEAST ASIA that has never been
ruled by a western colonial power

THAI MUSIC- is in petatonic scale a five-note composition

THAI ELEPHANT ORCHESTRA- is a musical ensemble consisting of as many as

fourteen elephants

PIPHAT ENSEMBLE- this is a mid-sized orchestra that is used to perform in funerals,

cremation ceremonies, traditional dance drama, and shadow puppet theater
performances.

TYPES OF MALLET- used in a performance are very important

HARD MALLETS- outdoor
PADDED MALLETS- indoor

MAHORI ENSEMBLE- this is a small ensemble of women musicians who performs in

the courts of Central thailand and cambodia
-9-11 instruments only
KHRUANG SAI ENSEMBLE- winds and percussion instruments of piphat ensemble
are combined in this ensemble with some string instruments.
-this group plays in indoor performances and accompanies stick puppet theater
presentations

SOUTHEAST ASIAN CRAFTS

THAI FLYING SKY LANTERN

THAILAND- flying lanterns are used for festivals

YI PENG- among these spectacular celebrations
PHUKET- they have wish lanterns or sky lanterns

CHIANG MAI- celebration of yi peng is a religious ceremony paying homage to

buddha

MALAYSIAN WAU KITE

WAU KITE- are popular in malaysia

WINGS- are similar to an arabic letter

-the kite making tradition comes naturally to the malaysian people particularly those
in the eastern states of the malayan peninsula.

-traditionally the farmers use kites as scarecrows in the fields and also to lull their
children to sleep
- Kite flying has been an important part of their culture and is now considered a sport
not just in Malaysia, but also internationally
- Malaysia has been celebrating kite festivals annually like the Pasir Gudang World
Kite Festival, also one of the country’s best tourist attractions.

- The Principle of Art – used to organize or arrange the structural elements of

design.
- Balance – distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.
- Symmetrical – type of balance, both sides of an artwork look the same or
almost the same. Also known as Formal Balance
- Asymmetrical – type of balance, two sides of an artwork look equally important
even though they are not alike, Also known as Informal Balance

FIVE TYPES OF WAU KITES

- Wau Bulan – Also known as “Moon Kite”, considered as one of Malaysia’s national
symbols. Featured on the reverse side of the Malaysian Fifty-cent coin in 1989.
- Wau Jala Budi – Also known as “Woman Kite”, Jala means “Net” and refers to the
tail structure.
- Wau Kuching – Also known as “Cat Kite”, view from the backside, there is a
similarity to a sitting cat.
- Wau Barat – Also known as “Leaf Kite”, able to stay up in lighter winds than the
other designs. Also called as “Early Morning Kite”
- Wau Merak – Also known as “Peacock Kite”. Has a tail as compared to other
kites with lower sail. Originated in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Handicrafts of Cambodia and Laos

- Commonly called as the Highlanders
- Highlanders, handicrafts are part of their traditional culture and their livelihood
- Commonly produce textiles, baskets, jars, pottery, and other tools for their daily use
- Handicrafts sector provides employment opportunities to most indigenous artisans
and disadvantaged people, especially
woman who are struggling for survival- Natural way of paper making is one of the
common folk arts in Cambodia
- They use the Bark of the Mulberry Tree, locally known as Sa
- In the, past, the Sa paper was used for calligraphy and for making festive temple
decorations, umbrellas, fans, and kites
- Nowadays, are of Sa paper handicraft has been revived in areas like Luang
Prabang, Northern Laos, where it is still being used to create lampshades, writing
paper, greeting cards, bookmarks, and the like

Handicrafts of Cambodia and Laos

- Commonly called as the Highlanders
- Highlanders, handicrafts are part of their traditional culture and their livelihood
- Commonly produce textiles, baskets, jars, pottery, and other tools for their daily use
- Handicrafts sector provides employment opportunities to most indigenous artisans
and disadvantaged people, especially
woman who are struggling for survival- Natural way of paper making is one of the
common folk arts in Cambodia
- They use the Bark of the Mulberry Tree, locally known as Sa
- In the, past, the Sa paper was used for calligraphy and for making festive temple
decorations, umbrellas, fans, and kites
- Nowadays, are of Sa paper handicraft has been revived in areas like Luang
Prabang, Northern Laos, where it is still being used to create lampshades, writing
paper, greeting cards, bookmarks, and the like

Indonesian Wayang Kulit

- Shadow Puppetry, one of Indonesia’s folk arts
- Wayang in modern Indonesian language connotes “To Show” or “To perform”
- Kulit means “Skin”, reference to the leather material that the figures are carved
out
- Also associated with the Indonesian word baying, which means “Shadow”
- Best puppets are made of young female buffalo parchment and curing of the
leather can take up to 10 years

- Wayang Kulit, Indonesian puppet shadow play.

- Originated from a Javanes Hindu-Buddhist tradition where handcrafted leather
puppets portray epic stories of the gods in shadow play
- Characters are usually represented by several versions in a set.

The Songkok of Brunei

- Songkok, known as Perci or Kopiah, cap widely worn in Indonesion, Brunei,
Malaysia, Singapore, the Southern Philippines, and Southern Thailand
- Usually worn by the Muslim males in formal gatherings such as weddings, feasts,
funerals, or festive occasions
- Brunei Darussalam, men’s headgears are categorized into 3:
- 1. Dastar- piece of cloth tied around the head
- 2. Songkok, Kopiah, or Peci – type of cap made of velvet
- 3. Tengkolok or serban – looks like a turban and is a typical headdress in the
West Asia.
- Songkok, important part of Brune’s tradition
- This comes with different variations of color to suit individual tastes and styles
- Men prefer to have the style of their songkoks suited to their own taste and
individuality
- Value of wearing songkok is taught to the young both at home and in school
- People have the option to wear the songkok to fulfill traditional religious
requirements or not at all
- Some government servant are given songkoks with the appropriate decorations as
part of their uniforms