Tuesday, December 18, 2018

103. 10 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF PAMPANGA

In the late 19th and early 20th century, a design trend swept Europe and America
called “Arts and Crafts”, a movement that promoted handcraftsmanship over
industrial mass production. But long before that, Kapampangans have been creating
all kinds of objects with their hands, with utilitarian and decorative functions, for their
homes, work, leisure and religion.
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 1. KURAN AT PASU (Sto. Tomas)
Utilitarian and decorative clay vessels and containers were among the earliest crafted
objects made by man. All sorts of earthenware—including the ubiquitous ‘kuran’ (round-
bottom cooking pot)—have been produced in parts of Pampanga, as recorded by American
Thomasite Luther Parker in the 1900s. Sto. Tomas is the acknowledge pottery center of
the province, with many major potters clustered along Quirino street. According to oldtimers,
one pioneer potter was Apung Sindung Mercado who made “pilones”, clay jars used in the
manufacture of molasses. From making traditional oya, tapayan, kuran, gusi, balanga and
pilun , the potters also added ornamental pasu or masetas for growing garden plants and
flowers,
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 2. PUKPUK (Betis, Apalit)
The fine art of metalsmithing was known to pre-Hispanic people in our archipelago,
blossoming in the the late 16th to the 19th century, when the Spanish missionaries arrived to
introduce the idea of sacred art in which the Chinese excelled. To decorate the altar,
Mexican silver coin were melted and fashioned into tabernacles, altar frontals and vessels,
ramilletes (silver floral standees), carrozas, and more. Betis artisans mastered the art,
locally termed as ‘pukpuk’ (to hammer) as designs were created by chasing and using the
repoussé method, in which designs are raised on a metal sheet by pounding a pattern from
the back using a sinsil (blunt chisel). This is achieved by working on the metal against a
wooden block, on which designs have been incised. Artisans spread the art to Apalit which
once had the largest number of ‘pukpuk’ shops. Names like the Ramirez Family, Edgardo
Yutuc and Jeric Canlas continue this tradition to this day.
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 3. DUKIT (Betis)
Betis is the town synonymous with quality carved woodcrafts (“dukit” -to carve) —from
church and home furniture, decorative architectural pieces, to religious statuaries and relief
sculptures. One of its ancient barrios—Sta. Ursula—was known as the premiere source of
such carved masterpieces. A famous resident is Maestro Apung Juan Flores, who started
as a santo carver an expanded into “muebles” and carved wooden furnishings. He made
the decorative wooden carvings of Malacanang Palace during the term of Marcos. Angeles,
with its many Clark residents, was a major market of woodcarved products during the 50s
thru the 80s. Modern-day mandudukit include the descendants of the Flores family, Willy
Layug, Peter Garcia, Salvador Gatus, and the artisans of Betis Crafts of Myrna Bituin,
who exports their prized furniture worldwide.
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 4. PARUL (San Fernando)
The lantern industry owes its popularity to San Fernando lantern maker pioneers who
evolved the parul from the simple wooden and paper star lanterns for the “lubenas”
(procession) to the giant kaleidoscopic lanterns that the world marvels at, every December’s
Giant Lantern Festival. The advent of electricity gave rise to the invention of the rotor by
Rodolfo David; which is used to give the lanterns their amazing play of colors. Well-known
parol makers include the Quiwas (led by Ernesto David Quiwa), Rolando Quiambao,
Arnel Flores, and Jesus Maglalang. The Christmas capital of the Philippines has parul
stores all over the city still selling traditional lanterns. The Dau Expressway exit is line with
lantern stores, hawking paruls of all sorts—capiz, LED-lit, wire and plastic, and even “rope”
lanterns.
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 5. BURARUL (Angeles)
Kite-making, though not exactly an industry, requires a certain degree of artistic and
technical skill. Believe to have originated in China, these paper and wood air craft are flown
mainly for leisure and play—but they were said to be used also for measuring distances and
for military communications. In Pampanga, they are called “burarul”, from the Spanish
“volador”, one that flies. The basic “karang-karang” is nothing more than a folded paper with
thread. But the more elaborate kites come in box (“tukong”) or diamond shapes (“sapin-
sapin”). There are high-flyers (“gurion”) and competition fighter kites (“panyaklit”). The most
complicated ones are figural kites mastered by the professional kite-maker Eulogio Catalan
of Angeles City. A former sepulturero, Mang Eloy won renown for his imaginative, award-
winning kite creations. He made kites in the forms of birds, fishes, angels, saints and figures
of our national heroes—all using wooden framework, paper and paint. His most elaborate
was a ferris wheel kite with seated human figures, that actually turned when flown on a
string. He also introduced the concept of folding kites. The art of kite making died with him,
and today, just a handful in Pampanga know how to fashion homemade kites from “tingting”
and papel de hapon.
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 6. DASE (Candaba, San Luis, San Simon)
As early as the 18th century, dictioanarist Fray Diego Bergaño made mentioned of towns
lining the Candaba Swamp that were known for weaving house mats or “dase”. Made from
“ebus” (buri palm leaves) . These included weaving families from San Luis and San Simon
who are skilled in the art of “pamaglala”, or weaving, usually done communally, after the
day’s work. Mat weavers or”magdadase” wove fine mats of large, medium and small sizes—
made for sleeping or for covering the bamboo floor. For variety, the leaves are dyed in
different colors to produce mats with appealing patterns.
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 7. KUPIA (Apalit)
An allied product from the province’s weaving tradition are hats or “kupia”, an essential
accessory for our tropical climate, where wearing a head protection from the scorching sun
or sudden rains is mandatory.Before commercial hat shops were established in Pampanga,
everday functional hats—"kupia"-- were made all over the province. Apalit was once a hat
center, and in Barrio Sucad, ‘kupyang ebus’ by the thousands were woven and commercially
sold in town markets from as far as Tarlac, Baguio, Bataan, Zambales and Manila. But due
to the scarcity of ‘ebus’ materials, production gradually slowed down in the 1920s.
Pampanga shops that operated in the 1930s sold hats of all shapes, sizes and materials. In
San Fernando, one could go to La Fernandina, Zapateria Moderna or to the Japanese
bazaar of T. Tsuchibashi along Mercado St. and the Indian Bazaar of Battan Singh.
"Sombreros del pais y del extranjero" (local and imported hats) could be bought in
Macabebe at the Bazar L. Magat, while "El 96" in Angeles offered a few headwear
selections.
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 8. SANTOS (Betis, Macabebe, Bacolor, Apalit)
Although Betis is the center of woodcarving in Pampanga, it is Macabebe town which is
known as the home of santeros. A santero is a craftsman who uses wood, ivory, cement or
fiber glass to produce an ecclesiastical art piece known as santo, in the image of Christ,
Mary or a Saint. Before the war, fishing and farming were the only means of livelihood of the
people of Macabebe. Santo making was then merely an expression of their ingenuity, and
the products were mostly for personal use. Pablo “Ambo” Bautista, a local businessman,
is credited with promoting santo-making in the town by gathering local artists and putting
them to work in a talyer he opened just for them. Sons Antonio (a painter) and Gener (a
carver) further grew the business and improved the craft of santo making. This inspired
other carvers to put up shops that soon proliferated along the whole stretch of the town’s
main road. Others found their way in the other towns of Pampanga. U.P. Fine Arts graduate
Maximiano Jingco also set up a pre-war religious statuary shop in Guagua. Second and
third generation carvers continued the santo tradition like Rolando and Boyet Flores (from
the Flores family of Sta.Ursula), while a new breed of highly trained carvers came to fore
—Nick Lugue (Apalit).Wilfredo Layug (Betis), Joseph Magcalas (Apalit) , Joed Miclat
(San Luis) and the Viray brothers (Bacolor).
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 9. GITARA (Guagua)
Cebu may have a reputation as the Philippines’ guitar industry leader, but the more well-
known guitar brands are made in Guagua, Pampanga. The “gitara” has its origins in Spain,
and there’s a mention of a guitar-prototype in Byron Pabalan’s zarzuela “Ing Managpe”—a
stringed instrument called “kalaskas”. Another is the pre-Hispanic “kudyapi”, which, like the
guitar, has a box and a fretboard. The pioneer guitar maker in Pampanga is a Matuang
Bacani who managed to copy an old Spanish guitar. He passed on his techniques to his
son-in-law, Angel Lumanog who mastered the craft of guitar-making, opened a shop and
started supplying Macabebe, Bacolor, and San Fernando stores. Son, his guitars were being
sought after in Manila. Today, the Lumanog brand is a name synonymous to fine guitars.
Apart from the Lumanogs, families like the Garcias, Dizons, Mallaris, Jucos and
Manansalas engaged in the production guitars.
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 10. GAWANG PANDE (Apalit)
The first cannon maker of the country was a Kapampangan named Pande Pira, a smith who
put up a foundery in Manila to make “lantakas” or cannons, and other artillery to protect the
Intramuros and for use in Spanish galleons. Apalit takes pride in continuing this smithing
tradition, and is the leading source of world-class steel crafts in the province, such as bolo,
machete, all types of knives and daggers, plus home and garden implements like rakes,
hoes, spades, and other tools. The steel products are made the old fashioned way by
hammering sheets of metal , made malleable by superheating them, then shaped into
blades for bolos, palang, knives, scythes, spears or any bladed implement. The industry
gave Apalit town its nickname, “The Blacksmith Capital of Pampanga”. In Floridablanca,
smiths produced aluminum crafts, using “aluminyu” that are heated and pounded into shape,
using molds.

SOURCE:

SINGSING MAGAZINE, "Pampanga's Folk Arts & Crafts: Going, Going, Gone?", Vol. 5, No. 1.Published by the Center for Kapampangan

Studies,Holy Angel University. Excerpted and edited from the articles of JoelPabustan Mallari (Dase, Gitara, Kuran, Burarul, Kupia), Arwin Lingat

(Santo), Alex R. Castro (Pukpuk),

www.viewsfromthepamang.blogspot.com (Hold on to that Hat, Hamming on an Old Guitar, The Art of the Kuran)

PHOTOS:

Alex R.Castro (Pande, Kupia, Gitara, Santos, Parul, Pande, Pukpok, )

Best, Jonathan. A Philippine Album: American Era Photographs 1900-1930, The Bookmark Inc.(Dase)

Miss Millenial Pampanga 2017 FB Page: (Betis Carving-Dukit)

:
 Singsing Magazine: (Burarul)

CKS Admin at 1:35 PM

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30 comments:

Giovanni Carlo November 6, 2019 at 5:42 AM

Good read dami palang mga old na gawain na nalimutan o hindi alam nang mga bagong
henerasyon ngayon cebu philippines
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I was happy for I know the history of pampanga thank you!
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