NCERT Solutions Class 11 Maths Chapter 1

Miscellaneous Exercise
Question 1:
Decide, among the following sets, which sets are subsets of one and another:

Solution:

2 and 6 are the only solutions of .

Hence,

Therefore,
Hence,

Question 2:
In each of the following, determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is true, prove
it. If it is false, give an example.
(i) If and , then
(ii) If and , then
(iii) If and , then
(iv) If and , then
(v) If and , then
(vi) If and , then

Solution:
(i) False.
Let and
Now, and
But,

(ii) False.
Let and
Now, and
Hence, and
But,

(iii) True.
It is given that; and
 Let
Now,

Hence, proved.

(iv) False.
Let and
Here, and
However,
Hence, and
But,

(v) False
Let and
Here, and
However,
Hence, and ,
But,

(vi) True
It is given that; and , then
Let , if possible
Now,

But it is given that

Which is a contradiction
So,
Hence, if and , then proved.

Question 3:
Let A, B and C be the sets such that and . show that .

Solution:
It is given that A, B and C be the sets such that and .
Let
Therefore,
Since, ;
Hence, or

If
Then , since
Now,
Therefore,
That means, and
So,
Similarly, we can show that

Hence, proved.

Question 4:
Show that the following four conditions are equivalent:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Solution:
(i)
If possible, suppose
This means that there exists and , which is not possible as .
Hence, if , then,

(ii)
Let
Clearly, because if , then
Hence, if , then,

Therefore,

(iii)
It is clear that, since,
Let
Hence, or

If
Then,
Therefore,

If
Then,

Hence, if , then,

Conversely,
Let
Then,

Therefore,

Hence, if , then,
Therefore,

(iv)
It is clear that, since,
Let
Then,

Therefore, and then

Hence,

Conversely,
Let
Then,

So, and
Therefore,

Hence, if , then,

Therefore,

Hence, it is proved that .

Question 5:
Show that if , then .

Solution:
Let and
Then,
and
Now,

Hence,
Therefore,

Question 6:
Assume that . Show that .

Solution:
Let
Let

Therefore, , for some

Now,
Hence,
So,

Similarly,
Therefore, proved.

Question 7:
Is it true that for any sets A and B, ? Justify your answer.

Solution:
False.
Let and
Hence,
Now,

We can see that

Therefore, it is not true that for any sets A and B, .

Question 8:
Show that for any sets A and B,
and

Solution:
To prove:
Let

Case I

Then,

Case II

Then, or

It is clear that
and

From (1) and (2), we obtain

To prove:
Let
or
or ( and )
( or ) and ( or )

Next, we show that .

Let
or
( or ) and ( or )
or ( and )

Hence, from (3) and (4), we obtain

.

Question 9:
Using properties of sets show that
(i)

(ii)

Solution:
(i)
We know that

Also,

From (1) and (2),

(ii)
Question 10:
Show that need not imply B = C.

Solution:
Let and
Accordingly,
and
Here,
However,

Question 11:
Let A and B be sets. If and for some set X, show that
.
(Hints and use distributive law)

Solution:
Let A and B be two sets such that and for some set X.

We know that

Now,
From (1) and (2), we obtain .
Hence proved.

Question 12:
Find sets A, B and C such that and are non-empty sets and .

Solution:
Let , and .
We can see that
and

Hence, and are non-empty.

However,

Question 13:
In a survey of 600 students in a school, 150 students were found to be taking tea and 225 taking
coffee, 100 were taking both tea and coffee. Find how many students were taking neither tea
nor coffee?

Solution:
Let U be the set of all students who took part in the survey
T be the set of students taking tea.
C be the set of students taking coffee.
Students taking neither tea nor coffee,

It is given that

We know that

Hence, 325 students were taking neither tea nor coffee.

Question 14:
In a group of students 100 students know Hindi, 50 know English and 25 know both. Each of
the students knows either Hindi or English. How many students are there in the group?

Solution:
Let U be the set of all students in the group.
E be the set of all students who know English.
H be the set of all students who know Hindi.

It is given that

We know that

Hence, there are 125 students in the group.

Question 15:
In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read newspaper H, 26 read newspaper T,
26 read newspaper I, 9 read both H and I,11 read both H and T, 8 read both T and I, 3 read all
three newspapers. Find:
(i) the number of people who read at least one of the newspapers.
(ii) the number of people who read exactly one newspaper.

Solution:
Let H be the set of people who read newspaper H.
T be the set of people who read newspaper T.
I be the set of people who read newspaper I.

It is given that

(i) The number of people who read at least one of the newspapers.
We know that

Hence, 52 people read at least one of the newspapers.

 (ii) Let x people read newspapers H and T only y people read newspapers T and I only
and z people read newspapers H and I only.
Now, draw the Venn diagram for the given problem

We can see that,

Now,

Number of people who read exactly two newspapers

Number of people who read two or more newspapers

Therefore,
Number of people who read 3 exactly one newspaper

Hence, 30 people read exactly one newspaper.

Question 16:
In a survey it was found that 21 people liked product A, 26 liked product B and 29 liked product
C. If 14 people liked products A and B, 12 people liked products C and A, 14 people liked
products B and C and 8 liked all the three products. Find how many liked product C only.

Solution:
Let A be the set of people who liked product A.
B be the set of people who liked product B.
C be the set of people who liked product C.

It is given that

Let’s draw the Venn diagram for the given problem

We can see that

Number of people who like product C only

Hence, 11 liked product C only.