UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, (WINNEBA)

SCHOOL OF BUSSINESS

B.B.A ACCOUNTING

COURSE TITLE:EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT

COURSE CODE:BBA 112

NAME: ADUTWUM RICHARD

STUDENT NUMBER:230022098

ASSIGNMENT

1.How does the concept of labour “division of labour” as proposed by Fayol impact the
efficiency and productivity of an organization?

2.In what ways does weber’s bureaucraticManagement theory different from Taylor’s Scientific
theory, and in what situation would each be more appropriate.

3.How does Lewin’ssystems theory help Managers to understand and improve the complex
interactions between different parts of an organization.

4.What are the potential advantages and disadvantages of a highly centralized organizational
structure, and in what situation might it be effective?

5.How do the different perspectives on motivationproposed by Maslow,Herzbery, and McGregor

impact the management of employees and the overall performance of an organization?

ANSWERS

1. Henri Fayol said that specialization in work increases the productivity and improves efficiency.
Division of labour also leads to the specialization, accuracy, and speed of the workers. This
principle is applicable both in managerial as well as technical work.The objective of the division
of work is to get more work done in a better way with same effort and become productive.If
someone engaged practice in the same type of work, after some time, a result of his practice he
automatically acquires some expertise, skills, sureness, accuracy, and precision over how to do
it in a better and efficient way. Dividing work among the workforce helps improve the quality of
the overall product. Henri Fayol said that specialization in work increases the productivity and
improves efficiency. Division of labour also leads to the worker. This principle is applicable both
in managerial as well as technical work.

2. Tailor’s Scientific approach decision are based on exact measurement. Estimation made
according to convenience are inaccurate and inefficient. Each job is broken down smaller
function, intern analyzed and timed to the tenth of a second. Through the use of scientifi
method, the best possible to perform a function is establish and put into practice until a time
comes when a better method is deduced. Similarly, in Weber’s bureaucratic approach,
organization are divided into different echelons with each varying in its degree of influence.

Eachunit begin commanded by the one above it, a system that promotes stability and has a
predictable line of communication and a good example is the Army. An Army division is broken
down further into brigades. The brigades are broken further into battalions. Battalions are
divided into companies and companies are broken down into platoons.

3. Kurt Lewin proposed that, the behavior of an individual in response to changes is a function
group behavior. Interaction and forces affecting the group structure jeopardize the individual’s
behavior and capacity to change process. To understand group environment must be a
consideration in the organizational change process. To understand group and individual
behavior, we must evaluate the entire organizational environment. And to improve on the
complex interactions between different parts of an organization there should be a flow of
information and leader that influences certain people in the group to achieve a common goal.

4. Greater control over decision is among the advantages of a centralized organizational

structure. In addition, lower-level managers are less likely to make inconsistent decision
because they do not have the authority to do so. A centralized structure Make decisions. So,
they are less flexible in responding to changing business environments. When a critical problem
occurs at lower level, it must go through several layers before deciding. This kind of structure
way be more effective for private companies with a dedicate profit model, such as a local
grocery store chain.

5. The different perspectives on the motivation proposed by Maslow, Herzbery, McGregor have
influenced management practices in different ways; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Focuses on
meeting physiological and psychological needs. Managers can use this theory to create a
supportive work environment to meet employees’ basic needs, Improve job satisfaction and
motivation. Herzberg’s two-factory theory: Emphasizes the importance of both intrinsic factors
in motivating employees.Managers can use this theory to provides recognition, growth
opportunities and work-life balance to improve employee motivation. McGregor’s theory X and
theory Y: views employee as either passive (theory X) or self-motivated (theory Y). Overall,
understanding and applying these theories can lead to a more motivated workforce and improve
organizational performance.