Chapter 9 psychology and sports

Main Point :

1 Definition and Importance of Psychology in Physical Education & Sports.

2 Define and differentiate between Growth and Development

3 Development Characteristics at different stages of Development

4 Adolescent Problems and their Management

Psychology is defined as the science of behavior.

“Psychology is the science of soul.

”“Psychology is a positive science of behavior.

“Psychology is the science of human behavior and its relationship”

Sport Psychology: Sports Psychology is an applied Psychology involving applications of

Psychological principles to the field of Physical education and sports.

Importance of sports psychology

(i) Improvement in Self-confidence

(ii) Dealing with crowd during competition

(iii) Counselling of Sports persons

(iv) Improvement in Concentration

(v) Controlling the Emotions

(vi) Improvement in Coaching Skills

(vii) Reducing Stress

(viii) Better Understanding and Coordination

(ix) Enhancing Psychological

(x) Better Training Methods Capacities

MEANING OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Growth: The term Growth is used for increasing in size, weight and height etc. or becoming larger and
heavier.
Development: Development is a progressive change that takes place orderly, predictable pattern as a
result of experience and maturity.

. DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF

DEVELOPMENT Infancy period (0-5 years)

1. Physical Development: Rapid Growth in size and weight

2. Intellectual Development: Child, in his infancy Is interested only in those things which fulfil
his immediate needs of hunger and feeding. When 2-3 years, he learns to speak very small
sentences. At age of five, he starts thinking and takes keen interest in playing.

3. Emotional Development: Emotions are not clear at the time of birth. Child cries when he
feels hungry. At age two, he displays different emotions such as anger, joy, love and fear.
From the age of 2 to 5 years, child becomes highly emotional.

4. Social Development: Fully dependent on parents up to 2 years for his physiological and
psychological needs, but at age three, he starts liking to play in group. Signs of co-operative
behaviour appears at age of four years. At the age of five, friendship becomes strong and
tendency of fighting is reduced

Late childhood period (9-12 years)

1. Physical Development: Period of slow, steady and uniform growth.

2. Intellectual Development: New experiences are acquired and applied and mental
horizon is broadened.

3. Emotional Development: Emotional behaviour becomes stable and remains under

control.

4. Social Development: Child plays team games and likes to form bigger social circle.

Adolescence period (12-18 years)

1. Physical Changes: Physical characteristics of boys and girls begin to mature.

2. Intellectual Changes: Mental horizon widens and one starts observing things minutely
and capacity to discuss increases.

3. Emotional Changes: Difficult to control emotions.

4. Social relationships: More interest in the world around him.

ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS
“Adolescence is a period through which a growing person makes a transition from childhood
to maturity”.

Some main adolescent problems are :

(i) Physical problems

(ii) Intensification of self consciousness

(iii) Sexual Problems

(iv) Peer group relationship

(v) Problem of career selection

(vi) Dependence-Independence

(vii) Idealism Vs Realism

(viii) Drug abuse

(ix) Emotional Problems

(x) Juvenile Negligence’s

MANAGEMENT OF ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS

(i) Knowledge of psychology

(ii) Providing suitable environment

(iii) Giving proper sex education

(iv) Proper dealing with adolescents

(v) Satisfying the various interests and aptitudes of Adolescents

(vi) Providing proper religious and moral education

(vii) Provision for vocational education

(viii) Emotional training to adolescents