HANDOUT 2 – LIFE SCIENCE

CELL AND CELL ORGANELLES ANIMAL CELL VS. PLANT CELL

CELL - SMALLEST UNIT OF LIFE THAT CAN

CARRY OUT ALL OF THE FUNCTIONS OF A
LIVING THING.

CELL THEORY

1. All living things are composed of cells.

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in
living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells.

TWO TYPES OF CELLS

A. Prokaryotes
 Pro-: before; -karyote: nucleus
 Very small and simple
 No defined Nucleus
 No membrane-bound organelles
 Kingdoms Found in:
Bacteria, Archaea
B. Eukaryotes
 Eu-: true; -karyote: nucleus
 Larger
 Contain defined Nucleus
 Contain membrane-bound organelles
 Kingdoms Found in:
Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi

UNICELLULAR VS. MULTICELLULAR

ORGANISMS

A. UNICELLULAR

 Uni-: one; -cellular: cell

 Composed of one cell
 Ex. Bacteria

B. MULTICELLULAR

 Multi-: many; -cellular: cell

 Composed of two or more cells
 Ex. Plants, Animals

CELL SIZE

 Vary greatly
 8,000 of smallest bacteria can fit into 1 red
blood cell
 Nerve cells can be >1 meter long
 Ostrich Egg has a volume of 1 L

CELL ORGANELLES

1. Two Word Definition:

 Little Organs
2. Specialized structure that performs important
cellular function:
Helps the cell do different jobs
3. Each organelle has its own purpose which is very
specific