BASIC CELL TYPES

Lesson 2.3
 Presentor

Stefanie Kate D. Yuan King

Carpio Marcellana
 Main idea
Organisms are either
prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.

EG: How useful is the cell type in

classifying organisms?
WHAT IS CELL?

The basic membrane-bound unit

that contains the fundamental
molecules of life and of which all
living things are composed.
WHO DISCOVERED CELL?
Initially discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665,
the cell has a rich and interesting history that
has ultimately given way to many of today's
scientific advancements.
WHAT IS PLANT CELL?
Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that vary in
several fundamental factors from other
eukaryotic organisms.
A type of eukaryotic cell that lacks a cell wall
and has a true, membrane-bound nucleus along
with other cellular organelles.
EXAMPLES :
EXAMPLES :
All living things have cells that share fundamental structural
parts, which include:

Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
 Cell Membrane
Regulates the passage of materials into and out
of the cell.

Cytoplasm
Gel-like substance that fills the internal environment of the
cell and where organelles are suspended in microscopic
fibres called cytoskeleton.

Nucleus
Central genetic region where inherited information in
the form of DNA is stored.
 Biologist recognize two main types of
cells; simple PROKARYOTICS (Pro
meaning “before” and Karyon meaning
“nut” which all mean ”before the nut.”)
and the more complex EUKARYOTICS
(greek Eu meaning “true” and Karyon
“nut”).

Fossil records show that the first kind of cell

to develop about 3.5 billion years ago were
the prokaryotes the simple organisms
possessing cells that are smaller in size with
simple internal structures.
Two types of Prokaryotic Cell:
Bacteria - it is organized by a plasma membrane and rigid cell wall, with a capsule
for protection. The nucleoid region stores DNA, and the cytoplasm contains
ribosomes for protein production. Some bacteria have a plasmid, an independent
circular DNA structure, providing antibacterial resistance. Scientists use plasmids
for genetic cloning and manipulation, allowing bacteria to maintain their shape
and maintain their structure.
Archaea - are a group of micro-organisms that are similar to, but evolutionarily
distinct from bacteria. Many archaea have been found living in extreme
environments, for example at high pressures, salt concentrations or temperatures.
• Prokaryotes possess appendages like flagellum, fimbria, and
conjugation pilus for locomotion and communication.

Flagella Fimbriae
Allows bacteria to Bristle-like fibers that
rotate 360 degrees attach bacteria to
Long whip-like surfaces
filamentous structures
occur on the surface of
some bacteria
 SCI BIT
Though you have trillions of
cells in your body, scientists
estimated that about 95
percent of all body cells are
bacteria. These microbes are
found to reside within the
digestive tract.
 About 1.8 Billion years ago, a new kind of cell evolved to a larger size
And more complex structural components. All higher forms of organisms
Such as fungi, plants, animals, and protists possess this complex type of
Cell known as the EUKARYOTIC CELL. Eukaryotic cells have their genetic
Material (DNA) encased within a distinct nucleus. These cells have many
Membrane-bound interior compartments eukaryotic, although some
Organelles found in each cell do slightly differ.

Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic Cells

cells containing membrane- prokaryotic cells do not
bound organelles and are the have any membrane-
basis for both unicellular and bound organelles and are
multicellular organisms. always part of unicellular
organisms.