PAPER

BASIC BIOMEDIC SCIENCES

FAT
Compiled to fulfill the assignment of basic biomedical science courses

Arranged by:
Diana guslah C.0105.22.016
Dila safitri C.0105.22.017
Eri teguh C.0105.22.019
Malda putri islami C.0105.22.119
Muhammad ihwan C.0105.22.031

NERS EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

BUDI LUHUR HIGH SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
CIMAHI
 FOREWORD

Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb.

Praise be to the presence of God Almighty for His mercy and grace so
that the author can complete the task of a paper entitled "HEALTH
NUTRITION" properly..
This paper was made to fulfill an assignment for the BASIC
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES course which aims to increase knowledge about
nutritional health for readers and writers.
The writer realizes that this paper is still far from being perfect.
Therefore, constructive criticism and suggestions are expected to make this
paper perfect.

Wassalamualaikum Wr.Wb
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

A. Backround
B. Problem Formulation

CHAPTER II
FAT THEORY

A. Definition

B. Types and functions of fat

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
B. suggestion

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Nutrition is the supply of materials or food that organisms and cells need to
survive. While in the scientific and medical fields, nutrition can refer to the science or
practice of consuming and using food..
Not only about metabolism, nutrition also talks about how diseases can be
prevented or minimized with healthy food.
Thus, the definition of nutrition also focuses on how we recognize the
process of emergence of diseases caused by food factors. Starting from a bad diet,
intolerance to food, to food allergies
Nutrients are compounds from food that the body needs to perform its
functions. Basically, there are two types of nutrients that are important for the
human body, namely macronutrients and micronutrients. Here's the explanation:

Macronutrients
Macronutrients mean nutrients that are needed in large quantities by the body. This
type of nutrition is further divided into macronutrients that contribute energy and
those that don't.

Energy macronutrients
Energy macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. What exactly are
these three nutrients?
A. PROBLEM FORMULATION
1. What is fat?
2. What are the types and functions of fat
 CHAPTER II
FAT THEORY
A. DEFINITION

Fat is a substance with high energy. One gram of fat, regardless of its type, can
provide as much as 9 kcal of energy. This amount is certainly higher than the
energy from carbohydrates and protein which totals 4 kcal.
Even though they are attached to unhealthy foods, fat is actually still
needed as part of a healthy and balanced diet.

Fat helps the body absorb vitamins A, D and E. These vitamins are fat soluble
which means they can only be absorbed with the help of fat. Later, fat that is
not used by your body's cells can be converted into energy.

If afterwards there is still unused fat, the fat will be converted into body fat.
Therefore, you should consume fat in moderation so that it does not
accumulate.
B. TYPES OF FAT AND ITS FUNCTIONS
Types and functions of fat
Fat can provide a number of good benefits for your body. Even so, this
depends on what type of fat you consume. Below are the types of fat and the
functions they provide.

1. Unsaturated fats
This type of unsaturated fat can be found in liquid form at room temperature.
Unsaturated fatty acids can increase good cholesterol levels in the blood,
reduce inflammation, and stabilize heart rhythms.
Unsaturated fats are further divided into two types, namely monounsaturated
fats and polyunsaturated fats.
- Monounsaturated fatty acids and the functions they provide
These fatty acids help maintain HDL cholesterol levels and lower LDL
cholesterol levels. Research shows that consumption of foods high in
monounsaturated fatty acids can increase blood cholesterol levels which can
reduce the risk of heart disease.
Monounsaturated fatty acids can be found in:
• olive and canola oil,
• avocado,
• nuts such as almonds, hazelnuts and pecans, as well
seeds, such as pumpkin seeds and sesame seeds.

- Polyunsaturated fatty acids and the functions they provide

This type of fat is found in many plant-based foods, such as fruits and
vegetables, and can also be found in vegetable oils. These fatty acids help
lower LDL cholesterol levels.
There are two types of these fatty acids, namely omega-3 fatty acids and
omega-6 fatty acids. Omega-3 and omega-6 cannot be produced by the body
so they must be obtained from food.

Omega-3 can be found in various types of fish, including salmon, tuna,

mackerel, sardines, and herring. Other sources of omega-3, namely canola oil,
soybean oil, and nuts.
Meanwhile, omega-6 fatty acids can be found in some nuts and vegetable oils,
such as corn oil.

2. Saturated fat
Saturated fat is usually found in many types of food, both salty and sweet. It is
solid at room temperature.
Saturated fat can increase LDL cholesterol levels. This type of cholesterol is
considered to increase the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
However, saturated fat does not always have a bad effect.
This fat has the function of converting small LDL into a larger size so that it
cannot penetrate blood vessels. Thus, it will be more difficult for cholesterol
plaque to form in blood vessels.

Types of saturated fat can be found in:

• Red meat,
• processed meat products, such as sausages or bacon,
• dairy products, such as butter or ice cream,
• flour-based pastries, and
• fast food.

3. Trans fats
Trans fats are usually found in small amounts in foods, such as meat and dairy
products. In addition, most of the trans fats can be found in fried foods.
Foods that go through the frying process contain trans fats because the
vegetable oil used for frying undergoes a partial hydrogenation process which
produces trans fats in these foods.
Partial hydrogenation of trans fats can increase bad cholesterol levels and
reduce good cholesterol levels. Therefore, consuming too much fried food can
be bad for health.
Trans fats can increase the risk of heart disease. The recommended intake of
trans fats is no more than 2% of energy obtained from food.
Why does eating too much fatty food increase cholesterol?

There are two types of cholesterol in the body, namely low density lipoprotein
(LDL) or commonly known as bad cholesterol and high density lipoprotein
(HDL) or commonly known as good cholesterol.
Too much LDL cholesterol in the blood can cause fatty deposits in the arteries.
This can lead to obstruction of blood flow to the heart and brain thereby
increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Contrary to LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol has a positive impact on the body.
This cholesterol will take excess cholesterol in the body and channel it to the
liver for disposal.
Blood cholesterol levels are greatly affected by the fat you eat. Cholesterol is
mostly produced in the liver from the various types of fat that you eat.
If you eat too many foods containing trans fats, your LDL cholesterol level will
increase. The type of fat we eat affects the total amount of HDL and LDL
cholesterol in the blood.

Actually, cholesterol is needed by the body for various functions, including for
the digestion of fat, vitamin D, and hormones such as testosterone and
estrogen. Cholesterol is also a component that functions to protect your nerve
cells.
Therefore, the body still needs cholesterol in sufficient quantities to carry out
its functions. Although, the body can produce its own cholesterol according to
its needs.
 CHAPTER III
CLOSINGAN

A. CONCLUSION

Nutrients are compounds from food that the body needs to perform its
functions. Basically, there are two types of nutrients that are important
for the human body, namely macronutrients and micronutrients

To be more friendly and able to control fat intake in the body, it helps
us to know the types of fat, namely:
1. saturated fat
2. unsaturated fat
3. trans fats

B.Suggestions

From this paper, hopefully it can be taken advantage of for writing and
readers. I hope readers can take a number of things that are important
in understanding what fat means, the function of fat and types of fat
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
https://www.google.co.id/amp/s/hellosehat.com/nutrisi/fakta-gizi/
fungsi-lemak/%3famp=1
https://www.sehatq.com/artikel/pengertian-gizi-yang-mungkin-
belum-anda-pahami