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aldehydes ketones
The arrangement of cellulose in plant cell walls
Chitin Cellulose
N-acetylglucosamine
Polysaccharide
Starch Iodine test
(Reducing sugar)
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Maltose Lactose
H H O
N C C
H OH
R
Amino Carboxyl
group group
:
1. Primary structure
2. Secondary structure
3. Tertiary structure
4. Quaternary structure
polypeptide
(primary structure) (secondary structure)
Primary structure
amino acid
Pleated sheet
Tertiary structure of a protein
Tertiary structure polypeptide
R group R group
H-bond
ionic bond
Hydrophobic interaction
Van der Waals interaction
covalent bond disulfide
bridges sulhydryl (-SH) cysteine
polypeptide
tertiary structure polypeptide
:
Polypeptide
chain Collagen fibrous
protein
polypeptide 3
connective
tissue
Hemoglobin polypeptide 4
pH
amino acid polypeptide
Denaturation
Protein
Protein Biuret test CuSO4 NaOH KOH
Cholesterol, a steroid
Cholesterol precusor
steroid hormones
Nucleic acid
(Informational polymer)
DNA mRNA
DNA
mRNA
protein
DNA
DNA
DNA
nucleotide DNA
nucleotide
nucleic acid polymer
nucleotides
Nitrogen base
Pyrimidines
Purines
DNA RNA
DNA A, G, C, T
RNA A, G, C, U
pentose
RNA ribose
DNA deoxyribose
(5 ) pentose phosphate group
pentose + nitrogen base + phosphate group nucleotide
DNA
RNA polynucleotide
DNA polynucleotide 2
double helix
DNA
DNA
H-bond
A T G C
base
complementary