CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

COVID-19 VACCINES

Journal Title:
1. International estimates of intended uptake and refusal of COVID-19
vaccines: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large
nationally repsentative samples
2. The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape

ARRANGED BY :

Name : Rizka Amelia Febrina

NIM : 4223351011
Class : PENDIDIKAN IPA 2022 B
Level : S-1
Subject : B.Inggris IPA

Supporting Lecturer : Aristo Hardinata, M.Pd

Submitted 10 November 2022

SCIENCE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
FACULTY OF MATH AND SCIENCE
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
 2022
Analyzed articles/journal:
Robinson, Eric, dkk. 2021. International estimates of intended uptake and refusal of
COVID-19 vaccines: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large nationally
repsentative samples. Journal Elsevier. (39). 2024-2034
Le, Tung Thanh, dkk. 2020. The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Journal
Nature Reviews | Drug Discovery. Vol. 19. 305-306

Preliminary
This Critical Journal Review was created to compare the contents of two different
journal’s but with the same topic/material. Each journal will be reviewed so that a
comparison can be seen both journals and will find out the advantages and disadvantages of
each journal. I chose this journal because the topics/materials in each journal are in
accordance with the topics/materials being studied.
In writing this Critical Journal Review, I chose the topic of COVID-19 vaccines using
two journals. The first journal entitled “International estimates of intended uptake and refusal
of COVID-19 vaccines: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large nationally
repsentative samples” written by Eric Robinso et al, published in 2021 with the Journal
Elsevier (39) pages 2023-2034. And in the second journal entitled “ The COVID-19 vaccine
development landscape” written by Tung Thanh Le, published in 2020 under the name
Journal Nature Reviews | Drug Discovers, Volume 19, pages 305-306.

Summary
First Journal :
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 1 million deaths worldwide form
March to October 2020 and is likely to continue to have far reaching impacts on healthcare
systems. The development of vaccines against COVID-19 has been occuring at
unprecedented speed. The success of any vaccination programme is dependent on the
proportion of the population willing ro be vaccinated and based on recent estimates it is likely
that up three quarters of the population may require vaccination to bring an end to the
pandemic. Early, in the pandemic a small number of studies surveyed adults to gauge public
willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and although a number of studies were
reliant on non-representative convenience samples, the majority of the populations sampled
intended to vaccinate.
However, as the pandemic has eveloved there have been reports of widespread
misinformation about COVID-19, distrust in government and public concerns about the
safety of COVID-19 vaccines given their rapid development all of which may have affected
intended vaccine uptake. It is also unclear whether vaccine acceptability will be socio-
demographically patternd. A systematic review concluded that patterning for other
demographic groups during previous influenza vaccination programmes is inconsisten. Given
that current evidence on socio-demographic patterning of COVID-19 vaccination intentions
is lacking.
Some of the present findings are in line with a recently published narrative review of
studies examining vaccine intentions by Line et al. The authors conclude that COVID-19
vaccination intentions have declined over time and there was socioeconomic and
demographic patterning of vaccine intentions. Emerging evidence suggests that both
exposure to misinformation about COVID-19 and public concerns over the safety of
vaccines may be contributing to the observed declines in intentions to be vaccinated, and this
highlights the need for measures to address public accpetability, trust and concern over the
safety and benefit of approved vaccines.

Second Journal :
The genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, was
published on 11 January 2020, triggering intense global R&D activity to develop a vaccine
against the disease. The scale of the humanitarian and economic impact of the COVID-19
pandemic is driving evaluation of next-generation vaccine technology platforms through
novel paradigms to accelerate development, and the first COVID-19 vaccine candidate
entered human clinical testing with unprecedented rapidity on 16 March 2020. The coalition
for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) is working with global helath authorities and
vaccine developers to support the development of vaccines against COVID-19. To facilitate
this effort, we have developed and are continuously maintaining an overview of the global
landscape of COVID-19 vaccine development activity. The landscape provides insights into
key characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine R&D and serves as a resource for on going
portofolio management at CEPI. As of 8 April 2020, the global COVID-19 vaccine R&D
landscape includes 115 vaccine candidates.
A striking feature of the vaccine development landscape for COVID-19 is the range of
technology platforms being evaluted, including nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), virus-like
particle, peptide, viral vector ( replicating and non-replicating), recombinant protein, live
attenuated virus and inactivated virus approaches. Many of these platforms are not currently
the basis for licensed vaccines, but experience in fields such as oncology is encouraging
developers to exploit the opportunities that next-generation approaches offer for increased
speed of development and manufacture. It is conceivable that some vaccine platforms may be
better suited to specific population subtypes (such as the elderly, children, pregnant women
or immunocompromised patients).
Considering the candidates in the novel platforms based on DNA or mRNA offer great
flexibility in terms of antigen manipulation and potential for speed. Indeed. Moderna started
clinical testing of its mRNA-based vaccine mRNA-1273 just 2 months after sequence
identification. Vaccines based on viral vectors offer a high level of protein expression and
long-term stability, and induce strong immune responses. Finally, there are already licensed
vaccines based on recombinant proteins for other diseases, and so such candidates could take
advantage of existing large-scale production capacity. For some platforms, adjuvants could
enhance immunogenicity and make lower doses viable, thereby enabling vaccination of more
people without compromising protection. Although a number of large multinational vaccine
developers (such as Janssen, Sanofi, Pfizer and GlaxoSmahKline) have engaged in COVID-
19 vaccine development, many of the lead developers are small and/or inex perienced in
large-scale vaccine manufacture. So it will be important to ensure coordina tion of vaccine
manufacturing and supply capability and capacity to meet demand.

Critical Evaluation
First Journal :
The advantage of this journal is that it provides a clear and complete discussion. The
purpose of writing can be understood well, because clear writing leads to discussion. Such as
the widespread absorption of the COVID-19 vaccine, which has made people dare to take
vaccines one by one that can increase their immunity so that fewer people are exposed to
COVID-19.
The drawback of this journal is the lack of journal volume and pictures or literature.
The absence of pictures or literature can make readers bored quickly because they are only
fixated on writing. The use of difficult to understand words that make the reader confused or
will think what the words listed in the journal mean.

Second Journal :
The advantages of this second journal are almost the same as the first journal, where
the discussion in this second journal is brief, concise and clear. So that it makes the readers
not bored and in this second journal there are additional pictures or literature that make the
readers understand more about the purpose of the discussion in the journal. And in this
journal discusses the types of vaccines.
The drawback of this journal there is no abstract in the journal and also no journal
number.

Conclusion
After reviewing the two journals above, it can be concluded that vaccines are
attenuated or attenuated antigens (microorganisms) which when given to healthy people will
produce specific antibodies against these microorganisms, so that when exposed they will be
immune and not exposed to disease. The basic ingredients for making vaccines of course
require microorganisms, both viruses and bacteria. There are many types of vaccines and
their contents vary. Each of these vaccines can provide you with protection from certain
dangerous diseases. Due to COVID-19, everyone has to work and study from home.

Recommendation
 From the two journals that have been displayed, we can see the advantages and
disadvantages of each journal. Both journals are great, I recommend both. Because the two
journals have their respective discussions that are almost not the same. The writing of the
discussion is neat and clear. If there is an assignment on the topic of COVID-19 that
discusses vaccines, please try to choose this journal, I highly recommend it.