31.

4 Immunity and Technology

KEY CONCEPT
Living in a clean environment and building immunity
help keep a person healthy.
31.4 Immunity and Technology

• Grade 11 Lesson : 31.4 Immunity and Technology

• Activity name : Describe that many methods are used to
control pathogens.
• Learning Objective: - Identify methods used to control
pathogens.
- Explain how vaccines artificially produce acquired immunity.
• School :MRISG
• Date : 28/10/2020
• Vocabulary : Antiseptic , Antibiotic resistance , Vaccine
• Skills developed : Understanding that living in a clean
environment and building immunity help keep a person
healthy.
• Performance indicators: Formative Assessment
31.4 Immunity and Technology

• How can I control infection at home ?

31.4 Immunity and Technology

• scientists have developed many different ways to control the

spread of disease.
- Cleaning supplies
- medicines
- vaccines
are technologies that help to prevent against sickness or
treat people who are already sick.
31.4 Immunity and Technology
31.4 Immunity and Technology
31.4 Immunity and Technology
31.4 Immunity and Technology
31.4 Immunity and Technology

• Antibiotic resistance can cause medicines to become

ineffective.
– Some bacteria in a population have genes that make
them immune to antibiotics.
– These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics
useless.
A bacterium carries
genes for antibiotic
resistance on a plasmid.

A copy of the plasmid is transferred

through conjugation.

Resistance is quickly
spread through
many bacteria.
31.4 Immunity and Technology
31.4 Immunity and Technology
31.4 Immunity and Technology
Vaccines artificially produce acquired immunity.
• Vaccines also control pathogens and disease.
– given to prevent illness
– contain the antigen of a weakened pathogen
31.4 Immunity and Technology

Vaccines
31.4 Immunity and Technology

• Vaccination provides immunity.

Antigens in a vaccine
1 trigger an immune response, and
memory B cells are made.
memory B cells

2 A memory B cell is
stimulated when the real pathogen
binds to it.

The B cell quickly activates and

3 makes antibodies that fight the
pathogens before you get sick.
31.4 Immunity and Technology

There are four main types of vaccines.

1- Some vaccines contain whole dead bacteria or viruses.

2- Live attenuated vaccines contain weak living

pathogens.

3- Component vaccines use only the parts of the

pathogen that contain the antigen.

4- Toxoid vaccines are made from inactivated bacterial

toxins, which are chemicals a bacterium produces that
causes a person to become ill.
31.4 Immunity and Technology
• . Complete the Concept Map about different technologies that have
been developed to destroy pathogens
Technology to fight pathogens

types

antiseptics antibiotics
kill pathogens
found
kill pathogens
found kill
5. _________ the pathogens
body by overuse
can
1. ____________ examples cause
the body
6. preventing them
from _________ or
_________

2. 4.
7.

3.
31.4 Immunity and Technology

Formative Assessment
1. Under what circumstances might antibiotics not be
useful in treating a disease caused by a pathogen?

2. How does the immune system respond to a pathogen

that the person has been vaccinated against?
31.4 Immunity and Technology

Answers
1- Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses and bacteria
that have become resistant to some antibiotics.

2- Vaccines cause the immune system to produce memory

B cells for specific pathogens. If the specific pathogen
enters the body after the vaccine, the memory B cells make
antibodies right away and the person will not get sick.