GUIPOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Pob. Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur

WORKSHEET IN SCIENCE 9
Quarter 4 – Week 5

Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _____________ Date: ________

A. Topic: WORK, POWER AND ENERGY

B. MELCS with Code: Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do work. (S9FE-IVe-42)
C. Week Number: Quarter 4 – Week 5
D. Objectives: After going through this module, you are expected to:
a) Trace and explain the energy transformations in various activities;
b) Perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy; and
c) Ascertain that the total mechanical energy remains the same during any process.
E. Background Information:
MECHANICAL ENERGY RULES! (OF FORMS AND TRANSFORMATIONS…)
Energy is the name of the game. Everything exists or cease to exist because of its presence or absence. It is
stored in different forms and can transform and/or transfer. It can be transformed without being transferred, or it can be
transformed during transfers. It can be transferred without being transformed.
In general, mechanical energy is the energy acquired by objects upon which work is done. Mechanical energy can
be either kinetic energy known as energy of motion or potential energy known as stored energy of position. There are two
categories of mechanical energy namely:

Table 1. Different Forms of Mechanical Energy

Mechanical Potential and Kinetic Energy Equations

POTENTIAL ENERGY

ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
We can see evidences and a variety of uses of the different energy forms in the environment. Its flow causes
change through heat and work.
Be it energy moving through the food chain or an electric power plant, energy can never be created from nothing
nor can it be destroyed into nothing. Energy is simply transformed from one form to another or transferred from one
system to another. It flows from one source (serving as input system) into an output system during transfers and/or
transformations.

Figure 1. Energy transformation in a lit electric lamp

 Study the examples of energy transformations
that are shown in Figures 1-3. Use your understanding of
the labeled illustrations as guide for doing the next
activity.

To sum up, when you made each object operate

in the activity and set the object to move. Therefore, the
physics behind the objects caused transformations of
mechanical energies from potential to kinetic or from
kinetic to potential.

Now, observe the energy transformation shown in figure 4.

forms and their changes in simple objects. Indeed, when these energies got transferred or transformed, work and heat
plus other energy forms were produced like sound or light. Some of these energies can also be stored in other forms.
Now ponder on these questions. What can be the similarities of
the mechanical energy forms present in a stretched bowstring and an
elevated volume of water? What is mechanical work done by the
transformations of these mechanical energies?

There are two main types of potential energy, namely

gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy. Gravitational
potential energy is energy in an object that is held in a vertical position
and is due to the force of gravity working to pull it down. Elastic potential
energy is energy stored in objects that can be stretched or compressed,
like trampolines, rubber bands, and bungee cords.

ACTIVITIES:
Activity 1: The Energy that I know!
Directions: Check (✓) the appropriate column which refers to the forms of potential and kinetic energy.

MECHANICAL ENERGY CONSERVATION

In a typical actual Hydroelectric Power (HEP) plant, the turbines are fixed, and so the tailwater level is constant.
Only the headwater level from the reservoir varies depending on the water that got stored. The water that flows out of the
reservoir at height h from the base loses gravitational potential energy that is equal to the product of the weight of the
water above the exit level (mg) and the head of flow H = hw – ht. In equation,
 Just like the stretched bowstring and elevated waterfalls, the stored water in the reservoir has potential energy.
When water is made to flow down the penstock, the potential energy changes into kinetic energy.
The power of the rushing water spins the turbine, which in turn spins the coils of wire inside a ring of magnets:
thus, generating electricity.
On the other hand, a faster flow carries greater power, exerting a greater force in rotating the turbine.
How would you compare the total energy of the biker locations T, O, and P?

CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY

Let us now examine what happens to the mechanical energy of a roller
coaster from Figure 9 below if the cart moves from positions H to O, the potential
energy decrease since its height decreases. On the other hand, its speed increases
as it moves down; thus, its kinetic energy increases. From point O to P, it gains back
its potential energy since it is moving up at higher elevation. In contrast, its kinetic
energy decreases as it moves up because it slows down. This exchange of potential
and kinetic energy is known as mechanical energy.
Well, at the top of the hill, the car is stationary, so as the car begins to move
down the hill, the potential energy begins to be converted to kinetic energy. The car gathers speed until it reaches back on
top of the other side of the hill and converts the gained kinetic energy back to potential energy.

Ignoring frictional force, the total mechanical energy, which is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies,
remains constant at all points of the track. In equation form,
MET1 = MET2 = MET3 = …
PE1 + KE1 = PE2 +KE2 = PE3 +KE3 = …
To confirm further the transformation between potential energy and kinetic energy, analyze the given problem
below:
Consider a 1 kg stone dropped on top of a hill and reached the ground after 3s. From your concept of free fall, the
height of the hill can be computed using the formula
h= ½ agt2 and vf = agt since vi = 0
Now let us determine what happens to the free-falling object's kinetic energy and potential energy?
At t=0 s, the object is 44.1 m from the ground. Using the equations for Potential Energy, we have
PE =mgh
=(1kg) (9.8 m/s2) (44.1 m)
= 432.19 J