Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors

Series Editors
Shantanu Bhattacharya , Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Avinash K. Agarwal, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
This book series publishes cutting edge monographs and professional books
focused on all aspects of Advanced Functional Materials. Material systems and
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D. Pooja Praveen Kumar
• •

Pardeep Singh Sandip Patil

•

Editors

Sensors in Water Pollutants

Monitoring: Role of Material

123
Editors
D. Pooja Praveen Kumar
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation School of Material Science
Chandigarh, India Indian Association for Cultivation
of Science
Pardeep Singh Kolkata, West Bengal, India
P.G.D.A.V. College
University of Delhi Sandip Patil
New Delhi, Delhi, India Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

ISSN 2662-558X ISSN 2662-5598 (electronic)

Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors
ISBN 978-981-15-0670-3 ISBN 978-981-15-0671-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0
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Preface

Sensors have become an integral part of civic society to check on social, envi-
ronmental, and strategic activities. The environmental sensors are required to ensure
the safety and security of the ecological environment around us. Water being the
key component for life existence on earth needs to be ensured for its quality as well
as quantity to meet global demand. However, with increased intervention of
humans, its quality is getting deteriorated, while ground water table is going down
owing to over exhaustion of water resources. Thus development of sensors for field
testing of these parameters is essential. The figure of merits associated with any
sensor, such as sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, reproducibility, accuracy,
precision, reusability, etc., is mainly defined by the type of sensor material and the
transduction mechanism used. Amongst various analytical techniques, colorimetry,
absorbance, fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemical, and
electrical techniques are widely adopted to develop a water quality monitoring
sensor. Various materials, beginning from organic ligands to the nanomaterials
(nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanotubes, nanowires, thin films, nanofibers, etc.),
are widely adopted to develop a sensitive sensor. For selectivity, various chemo
linkers and bio receptors (antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, oligomers, etc.) are uti-
lized for field usability of the developed sensor platform. This book provides a
comprehensive overview of the above sensing techniques, materials, and receptors
for water quality/pollutants monitoring, and it would be a handy guide for the
students, researchers, engineer, etc., working in field of environmental engineering,
material science and engineering, and water.

Chandigarh, India D. Pooja

Kolkata, India Praveen Kumar
New Delhi, India Pardeep Singh
Kanpur, India Sandip Patil

v
Contents

Introduction: Role of Materials in Sensors for Water Pollutants

Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
D. Pooja, Pardeep Singh, Sandip Patil and Praveen Kumar
Water Pollutants: Origin and Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Jyoti Singh, Priyanka Yadav, Ashok Kumar Pal and Vishal Mishra
Types of Water Pollutants: Conventional and Emerging . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Arif Ahamad, Sughosh Madhav, Amit K. Singh, Ashutosh Kumar
and Pardeep Singh
Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment
and Human Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Sughosh Madhav, Arif Ahamad, Amit K. Singh, Jyoti Kushawaha,
Joginder Singh Chauhan, Sanjeev Sharma and Pardeep Singh
Analytical Methods of Water Pollutants Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Gyanendra Tripathi, Vipul Kumar Yadav, Jyoti Singh and Vishal Mishra
Plasmonic Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene Sheets for Detection
of Water Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Manash J. Deka, Punamshree Das, Purna K. Boruah,
Priyakshree Barthakur, Abinash Gogoi and Manash R. Das
Materials for Electrical Detection of Water Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Chhavi Sharma, Sauraj and Yuvraj Singh Negi
Materials in Colorimetric Detection of Water Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Rishabh Jain, Anupma Thakur, Praveen Kumar and D. Pooja
Fluorescent Chemosensor for Detection of Water Pollutants . . . . . . . . . 147
Annasamy Gowri and Arunkumar Kathiravan
Materials in Electrochemical Detection of Water Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . 161
Ankita Ojha

vii
viii Contents

Materials in Bio-Sensing of Water Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Rupika Sinha, Shipra Dwivedi, Avishek Kumar and Pradeep Srivastava
Computational Design of Nucleic Acid-Based Bioreceptor
for Contaminants of Emerging Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Patrizio Arrigo and Debora Baroni
Immunochromatographic Strip Based Sensor for the Detection
of Water Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Megha Pant, Deepika Pancholi, Veena Pande and Anirban Dandapat
Materials in Emerging Water Pollutants Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Razia Khan, Vipul Patel and Zeenat Khan
Emerging Techniques and Materials for Water Pollutants
Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Richa Soni, Mahesh Soni and Dericks Praise Shukla
Nanofiber Based Sensors for Water Pollution Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Alok Kumar Srivastava, Pragati Bajpai, Punam Awasthi, Alok Kumar
and Namburi Eswara Prasad
About the Editors

D. Pooja is currently working as a senior scientist at CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh. She

has done her Ph.D. in Engineering from the AcSIR, New Delhi, M. Tech. in
Nanotechnology from IIT Roorkee with Gold Medal, B. Tech in Biotechnology
with the first rank from Kurukshetra University. She is a well-established young
scientist in the field of nanomaterials, sensors, and energy harvesting devices. She
has published 45 international high impact publications, 02 books and more than 50
conference papers . Her research interest is towards techniques and technologies
design and development for water pollutants monitoring using opto/electrochemical
techniques. She has mainly focused on materails design for above application.
Besides, she is also working on materials engineering for solar hydrogen produc-
tion. She is recipient of several prestigious awards and fellowships including
Associateship, Indian Academy of Science, ISCA Young Scientist Award (2019)
from Indian Science Congress Association, ISEES Young Scientist Award (2019)
by International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, BRICS
Young Scientist Award (2018), DST, New Delhi, PITTCON- Travel Grant (2018)
from American Chemical Society, Indo-US WARI fellowship (2017), New Delhi,
Young Scientist Project Award (2017) from DST, New Delhi, Canadian
Commonwealth Fellowship (2010), and MHRD GATE Fellowship (2008). She is
also an Outreach Programs Coordinator: CSIR-JIGYASA and CSIR-FTAMP
funded by the Gov. of India, Focal Point Member in Indigo projects (European
Commission) (2016-2017), Member of Board of Studies, Kurukshetra University,
Member of National Advisory Committee, ICAST-2018, Jaipur, India (2018).

Dr. Praveen Kumar is working as an Assistant Professor at Indian Association for

Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata and also a Chair of Marie Curie Alumni
Association (MCAA) Indian Chapter funded by the European Commission. He
received his Ph.D. from Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology,
Delhi in 2011, followed by the postdoctoral studied at ISOM, UPM Madrid. He is
recipient of several recognized awards and fellowships, few of them are BRICS
Young Scientist Award (2017), Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship from
European Commission (2012), INSPIRE Faculty Award from Department of

ix
x About the Editors

Science and Technology Delhi (2013), 05 Best oral/poster award in various inter-
national conferences and Gold Medal in M. Sc. (Physics) From Rajasthan
University (2003). He is elected as a sectional committee member for Materials
Science in the Indian National Science Congress Association for the year 2019-20.
Dr. Kumar’s research contribution covers a broad spectrum of Materials Synthesis
including III-V semiconductors, Oxides, Sulphides, Carbon Nanostructures,
metal/semiconductor interfaces, etc, for LED emitters & solar cells, photoelec-
trodes, broad-band & self-powered photodetectors, and next-generation sensors
applications. He has authored 02 books, 65 publications in peer-reviewed inter-
national journals, more than 45 in conference proceedings, and delivered around 32
invited/oral talks at various conferences/institutes around the globe.

Dr. Pardeep Singh is presently working as Assistant Professor (Department of

Environmental Science, PGDAV College ,University of Delhi, New Delhi, India).
He obtained his doctorate degree form Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras
Hindu University) Varanasi. The area of his doctoral thesis is degradation of
organic pollutants. He has published more than 55 research and review articles in
the international journals. His research interest is towards materials design for water
pollutants remediation, e-waste recycling, and photocatalyst design. He has also
edited several books of reputed publishing houses including Springer and Elsevier.

Dr. Sandip Patil is the founder Director of E-Spin Nanotech Pvt. Ltd and
Technorbital Advanced Materials Pvt Ltd. Dr. Patil has extensive experience in
nanofiber membrane technologies and Ultra Hollow Fibre (UHF) membrane tech-
nology for senor and water purification applications. Dr. Sandip Patil received his
Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. He research has been
published in very prestigious journals such as Soft Matter, Macromolecules,
Langmuir, ACS Omega, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, and other peer-review
journals. Dr. Patil is also the inventor of US and Indian patent. He has awarded various
prestigious awards which includes, Technopreneur Promotion Program (TePP)
award, IIChE Shah-Schulman award for the best PhD thesis in the area of Colloid and
Interface Sciences and IICHE M. P. Chary Memorial Medal award for being an
outstanding young chemical engineer for the year, Spirit of Manufacturing Award for
Most Promising International Business Leader, Indian Leadership award for indus-
trial development by All India Achievers Foundation, Rajeev Motwani Young
Entrepreneur award by Motwani foundation, Indian School of Business Hyderabad
Scholarship award, UICT Jalgaon alumni award for Young Entrepreneur.