NATIONALISM AND

PATRIOTISM
BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM
NATIONALISM

• An ideology and movement defined by promoting the interest of a

particular nation with the aim of acquiring and maintaining the nation’s
sovereignty over its country of origin.
• It aim to build and maintained a single national identity, based on shared
social characteristics such as culture, language, religion, politics and belief
in a distinctive shared history and to promote national unity or solidarity.
TYPES OF NATIONALISM

1. Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism) 9. Pan – Nationalism

2. Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism)
10. Diaspora Nationalism
3. Expansionist Nationalism
11. Stateless Nationalism
4. Romantic Nationalism
12. National Conservatism
5. Cultural Nationalism
6. Third Word Nationalism 13. Revolutionary Nationalism
7. Liberal Nationalism 14. Left-Wing Nationalism
8. Religious Nationalism
1. ETHNIC NATIONALISM (ETHNONATIONALISM)

It involves the concept of a shared culture among group members and

generally a shared language.
The word “ethnonationalism” is usually used only in relation to nationalist
who support an explicit ideology.
2. CIVIC NATIONALISM (CIVIL NATIONALISM)

• The state derives political legitimacy from its citizens active involvement
and the extent to which it reflects the “will of the individuals”.
• Civic nationalism lies within the traditions of nationalism and liberalism,
but it is contrasted with ethnic nationalism as a type of nationalism.
3. EXPANSIONIST NATIONALISM

• A radical form of imperialism that includes independent, patriotic feelings with a faith in
expansionism, generally through military aggression.
• Nations are not believed to be equivalent to their right to self-determination, some
countries are believed to possess features or qualities that make them superior to
others.
4. ROMANTIC NATIONALISM

• Known also as organic nationalism and identity nationalism.

• Form of ethnic nationalism in which the state derives political legitimacy
as a result and expression of the nation’s culture.
• It is based on the presence of a historical ethnic culture that meets the
romantic ideal.
5. CULTURAL NATIONALISM

• The country is described by shared culture, not solely civic or ethnic.

• Chinese nationalism is an instance of cultural nationalism, due to China's
many national minorities. Membership in the nation is neither completely
voluntary nor hereditary.
6. THIRD WORD NATIONALISM

• Nationalist feeling are the outcome of opposition to colonial rule to

survive and maintain a domestic identity.
7. LIBERAL NATIONALISM

• A kind of nationalism defended by political philosophers who think that a

non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with liberal values of
liberty, tolerance, equality and individual rights can exist.
• It is asserted that in order to lead meaningful, independent life, people
need a national identity and those liberal democracies need domestic
identity to work correctly.
8. RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM

• Nationalism’s connection to a specific religious faith, church or affiliation.

• Shared religion contributes to a sense of domestic unity and a mutual
bond between the nation’s people.
• The connection can be divided into two dimensions;
• Religion’s politicization
• Religion’s adverse affects on politics
9. PAN – NATIONALISM

• Ethnic or cultural nationalism refers to a country that is itself a cluster of

associated ethnic and cultural communities.
10. DIASPORA NATIONALISM

• Ethnic population residing outside their traditional homelands. In this type

of nationalism, there is a nationalist sense
• e.g. the Irish in the United States, the Jews in the US.
11. STATELESS NATIONALISM

• On nationalist basis an ethnic or cultural minority within a nation state

aims independence.
• e.g. Catalan and Basques in Spain
12. NATIONAL CONSERVATISM

• A political term mainly used in Europe, to described a version of

conservatism that focuses more on domestic interest than conventional
conservatism, while not being unduly nationalist or pursuing a far-right
agenda.
13. REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM

• Ideological theory that calls for a domestic group united by a shared

sense of intent and destiny
• Also known as radical nationalism.
• Ascribed and strongly promulgated by Benito Mussolini to followers of
syndicalism in France and Italy in 20th century.
• Intellectual synthesis of “radical nationalism and dissident society” was
created.
14. LEFT-WING NATIONALISM

• Socialist nationalism
• Relates to any political movement combining left-wing or socialism with
nationalism.
• e.g. 26 July movement of Fidel Castro which launched the Cuban
Revolution in 1959 to oust the American backed Fulgencio Batista.
• Ireland’s Sinn Fein, Israel labor Zionism
• African National Congress
TYPES OF NATIONALISM

1. Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism) 9. Pan – Nationalism

2. Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism) 10. Diaspora Nationalism
3. Expansionist Nationalism
11. Stateless Nationalism
4. Romantic Nationalism
12. National Conservatism
5. Cultural Nationalism
6. Third Word Nationalism 13. Revolutionary Nationalism
7. Liberal Nationalism 14. Left-Wing Nationalism
8. Religious Nationalism
PATRIOTISM
BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM
PATRIOTISM

• PATRIOTISM or National Pride is a sense of love, dedication and

attachment to a country and an alliance with other people who share the
same impression.
• The word “patriot” is first known in the Elizabethan period from Latin
“patriota” meaning “countryman” Greek (patriotes) from the same nation
(patris) “fatherland” Patriotism appear in early 18th Century.
KINDS OF PATRIOTISM

1. Patriotism of Duty
2. Patriotism of Affection
3. Patriotism of Manner
TYPES OF PATRIOTISM

1. Personal Patriotism
2. Official Patriotism
3. Symbolic Patriotism
4. Peacetime Patriotism
PATRIOTISM VS NATIONALISM

• Patriotism – based on the country’s positive values like liberty, justice and
equality. The patriot thinks that both their country’s state system and
individuals are inherently good and working together to achieve a better
quality of life.
• Nationalism – based on one belief that one’s nation is superior to all
others.
FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM
CLARO M RECTO JR.

• “Nationalism is nourished by a sense of history. It is of its essence to

know profoundly the past, so that we may be in complete openness
with the men who made that history and in intimate communion
with their thoughts, their deeds and their noble lives.”
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• Barangays (11th Century) Malayan ships “Balangays” Datu, rajah or Sultans

governed it.
• 1565 Miguel Lopez De Legazpi established first European colonies in Cebu.
• 5 ships and 500 men and Augustinian monks 200 soldiers added in 1567.
• 1571 occupied the kingdom of Manila and Tondo and founded manila as capital of
the Spanish East Indies.
• The colonization united the archipelago of the Philippines into one political unit.
FILIPINO NATIONALISM

• Started in the 1800s with an upsurge of patriotic feelings and

nationalistic ideals resulting from more than two decades of Spanish
rule.
• First revolution in Asia Philippine Revolution of 1896
• Nationalistic feelings have resulted to a comprehensive campaign in
the Philippines for political, social and economic liberty.
BEGINNING OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

• Filipino referred to the Philippines “Spanish Criollos” and Spanish

described the natives as “Indians”.
• “Criollos or Creoles” – were also called Filipinos
• “Insulars” - Spaniards born in the Philippines
• “Peninsulars” – Spanish born Spaniards or Philippine based continental
Spaniards.
• “Mestizos” – Blended heritage
BEGINNING OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

• The “Creoles” enjoyed numerous roles in the state and church

and composed most of the bureaucracy of the government.
• Feeling of “Domestic Awareness” originated from Creoles who
consider themselves as Filipino
• Economy, Education and Parish Secularization.
CONCEPT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

• Nationalism – secular identification and engagement of our

people with the Filipino nation and domestic community, the
Philippines as our country and homeland. A tool of change and
reform, it aims our moral and spiritual regeneration, our
liberation from ignorance, bigotry, parochialism, feudalism and
colonial mentality.
FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY

1. Pagsasarili – self-reliance
2. Pakikisama – equitable sharing and partnership
3. Pagkabayani – patriotism
4. Pagkakaisa – national unity, national consensus and discipline
5. Pakikitungo – consideration
6. Pakikipagkapwa tao – human solidarity
7. Pagkakapantay Pantay – equality and equity
DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF
NATIONALISM
1. Respect the Philippine Flag and Value Filipino Identity
2. Be Productive
3. Be aware of the issues in our Country
4. Stand proud for every achievement
5. Patronize and support our own products
6. Preserve the Filipino culture
7. Respect everyone and value our traditions
DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF
NATIONALISM
8. Speak out our language.
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country.
10. Love our family, our neighbors and our countrymen.
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF
NATIONALISM
1. The Philippine Flag
2. Coat of Arms of the Philippines
3. Lupang Hinirang
4. Sampaguita
5. Narra tree
6. Philippine Eagle
7. Dr. Jose P. Rizal
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF
NATIONALISM
8. Carinosa or Tinikling 13. “Bayan Ko” and “Pilipinas kong Mahal”

9. Carabao 14. Arnis

15. Anahaw
10. Bangus
16. Nipa Hut
11. Mango
12. Barong
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF
NATIONALISM
8. Carinosa or Tinikling
9. Carabao
10. Bangus
11. Mango
12. Barong
13. “Bayan Ko” and “Pilipinas kong Mahal”
IMPORTANT DATES. EVENTS AND PERSONS IN THE
RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
• Opening of the Philippines to world commerce.
• 1834 – Manila was officially part of the world commerce.
• 1834 – 1873 development of agriculture in the country foreigners shared their
agricultural ideas.
• 1855 – ports open in Sual, Pangasinan, Iloilo and Zamboanga
• 1860 – Cebu
• 1873 in Tacloban
ILLUSTRADOS

• Middle class or “illustrados” were the educated Filipinos who, by writing

essays, articles, novels or publication in news jurnal called “La Solidaridad”
campaigned for reform in a colony in a peaceful way.
• “Principalia” – Spanish or chineze mestizos indigenous to Filipino or upper
class.
• “Inquilinos” – leased property to the friars
SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT

• Two types of Priest

1. Regular Priest of Friar Curates – belong to specific religious orders like Dominicans,
Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans and Recollects (Spanish Priest)
2. Secular Priest or Parish Priest – not in a religious orders and under the
archbishop’s oversight.

• 1565 – Religious orders took control of the parishes in the Philippines

SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT

• Council of Trent – Secular priest should control the parishes relates to deacon
and priest who are not monastic or members of religious institutions.
• Fr. Pedro Pelaez – exposed the discrimination of Filipino clergy's and the racial
and national conflict with the Friars.
• 19th Century – Filipino Priest were qualified as Secular Priest
• Gov. Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada – boost and inspired the
secularization movement and leads a Liberal Regime in Spain.
SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT

• Gov. Gen. Rafael De Laquierdo – autocratic and oppressive ruler, ruled

with crucifix and sword. Repealed the exemption of the Filipino from Polo
y Servicio (force labor of Filipino men in 1580) and tribute tax.
• January 20, 1872 – 200 Filipino troops and employees, led by Sgt. Fernando
La Madrid, took control of Spanish arsenal in Cavite mutiny. Accusing the
GOMBURZA as the rebellion’s mastermind.
SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT

• Francisco Zaldua – a Bicolano soldier who testified against GOMBURZA

• Feb 17, 1872 – Gomburza was executed at Bagumbayan (Luneta)
• Gomburza:
• Father Mariano Gomez
• Father Jose Burgos
• Father Jacinto Zamora
ISSUES ON THE 3 PRIESTS

1. Fr. Gomez – participated in secularization but no longer active in 1872

and he was already more than 80 years old
2. Fr, Burgos – Involved in the issue of secularization
3. Fr. Zamora – Victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of arrest was
addressed to a certain Jose Zamora, a known critic of Spaniards
government at the time.
GOMBURZA EXECUTION

• Spaniard want to silence the secular priest.

• Parishes were assigned to regular priest
• Implicated as the mastermind of Cavite mutiny
• Executed on Feb 17, 1872
• Executed through garrote
• Beginning of Filipino Nationalism (innocent but accepted the brutal punishment
for the nation)
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

• Propaganda - Systematic efforts to spread opinion and beliefs

by means of pen and tongue. The propagation of a given opinion
• Propaganda Movement or Reform Movement
GOAL OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain

2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes
3. Equality between Filipino and Spaniards
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the hold parishes
5. Gaining freedom speech, expression and assembly
MAJOR CAUSES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
1. Emergence of Middle Class
2. The liberal administration of Gov. Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava
Cerrada
3. Execution of GOMBURZA
4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos
THREE LEADING REFORMIST IN 19TH CENTURY

1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal

2. Graciano Lopez Jaena
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
OTHER FILIPINO REFORMIST

1. Pedro Paterno
2. Antonio Luna
3. Andres Bonifacio
4. Emilio Jacinto
THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN

• Failure of the reform movement give way to the movement that advocates
armed struggles to achieve liberty and freedom.
• KKK – (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan na Latipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or
Katipunan) founded on July 7, 1892
• Deodato Arellano – first president of katipuneros
• Roman Basa – 2nd president
• Andres Bonifacio – 3rd president
• Katipuneros – sons of the people