EDUCATION

PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS
DEFINITION AND FORMULA
as of April 24, 2018

Prepared by:
Education Management Information System Division
Planning Service
1. GROSS ENROLMENT RATE (GER)
This indicator measures the general level of participation in, and the capacity of each level of
the education system: Kindergarten, Elementary (Grades 1-6), Junior High School (Grades 7-
10) and Senior High School (Grades 11-12). It is the total enrolment for a particular
education level, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-
age population of that particular education level in a given school-year. The GER can also be
used together with the NER to measure the extent of over-aged and under-aged enrolment.

Level Formula Where

Kindergarten Total Enrolment Kinder, SY N Total Enrolment Kinder, SY N = Enrolment in Kinder (All ages)
--------------------------------- x 100
Population Age 5, SY N Population Age 5, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Elementary Total Enrolment Grades 1-6, SY N Total Enrolment Grades 1-6, SY N = Enrolment in Grades 1-6 (All ages)
(Grades 1-6) ------------------------------------- x 100
Population Age 6-11, SY N Population Age 6-11, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Junior HS Total Enrolment Grades 7-10, SY N Total Enrolment Grades 7-10, SY N = Enrolment in Grades 7-10
(Grades 7-10) -------------------------------------- x 100 (All ages)
Population Age 12-15, SY N
Population Age 12-15, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Senior HS Total Enrolment Grades 11-12, SY N Total Enrolment Grades 11-12, SY N = Enrolment in Grades 11-12
(Grades 11-12) -------------------------------------- x 100 (All ages)
Population Age 16-17, SY N
Population Age 16-17, SY N = Projected population from PSA

2. NET ENROLMENT RATE (NER) OR PARTICIPATION RATE

The indicator provides a more precise measurement of the extent of participation in a
particular level of education of children belonging to the official primary school age. It is the
enrolment in a particular education level of the official school age-group expressed as a
percentage of the corresponding population.

Level Formula Where

Kindergarten Enrolment Kinder (Age5), SY N Enrolment Kinder (Age5), SY N = Enrolment in Kinder (Age 5)
--------------------------------- x 100
Population Age 5, SY N Population Age 5, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Elementary Enrolment Grades 1-6 (Ages6-11), SY N Enrolment Grades 1-6 (Ages6-11), SY N = Enrolment in Grades 1-6 (Ages
(Grades 1-6) --------------------------------------- x 100 6-11)
Population Age 6-11, SY N
Population Age 6-11, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Junior HS Enrolment Grades 7-10 (Ages12-15), SY N Enrolment Grades 7-10 (Ages12-15), SY N = Enrolment in Grades 7-10
(Grades 7-10) ------------------------------------------ x 100 (Ages 12-15)
Population Age 12-15, SY N
Population Age 12-15, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Senior HS Enrolment Grades 11-12 (Ages16-17), SY N Enrolment Grades 11-12 (Ages16-17), SY N = Enrolment in Grades 11-12
(Grades 11-12) ------------------------------------------ x 100 (Ages 16-17)
Population Age 16-17, SY N
Population Age 16-17, SY N = Projected population from PSA

3. APPARENT/GROSS INTAKE RATE (GIR)

The Apparent Intake Rate reflects the general level of access to elementary education. It also
indicates the capacity of the education system to provide access to Kindergarten for the

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official school-entrance age population. It is used as a substitute for Net Intake Rate in the
absence of data on new entrants by single years of age.
Level Formula Where

Kindergarten New Entrants Kinder, SY N New Entrants Kinder, SY N = Total Kinder Enrolment – Total Kinder
------------------------------ x 100 Repeaters
Population Age 5, SY N
Population Age 5, SY N = Projected Population of PSA

4. NET INTAKE RATE (NIR)

This indicator gives a more precise measurement of access to elementary education of the
eligible, elementary school-entrance age population than the Apparent Intake Rate.
Level Formula Where

Kindergarten New Entrants Kinder (Age 5), SY N New Entrants Kinder (Age 5), SY N = Kinder Enrolment Age 5 – Kinder
----------------------------------- x 100 Repeaters Age 5
Population Age 5, SY N
Population Age 5, SY N = Projected Population of PSA

5. COHORT SURVIVAL RATE OR SURVIVAL RATE TO GRADE 6/12

The Cohort Survival Rate computes the percentage of a cohort of pupils/students who are
able to reach Grade 6/12. It is used to assess the internal efficiency and “wastage” in
education. This indicator is vulnerable to migration and caution should be used in computing
at the school level.
There are two methods in deriving this indicator. Below is the conventional or the old
formula:
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 6, SY N Enrolment Gr 6, SY N = Beginning of School Year (BOSY) Grade 6 Enrol

(Grade 6) --------------------------- x 100 ment Current SY
Enrolment Gr 1, SY N-5
Enrolment Gr 1, SY N-5 = BOSY Grade 1 Enrolment 5 years ago

Secondary Enrolment Gr 12, SY N Enrolment Gr 12, SY N = BOSY Grade 12 Enrolment Current SY

(Grade 12) ---------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr 7, SY N-5 Enrolment Gr 7, SY N-5 = BOSY Grade 7 Enrolment 5 years ago

The Department adopted the reconstructed cohort method, which requires the following
data:
• Enrolment for 2 consecutive SYs (Current & Previous)
• Repeaters in the Current SY
• Graduates in the Previous SY

In calculating the Cohort Survival Rate, the following are the steps:

Step 1. Compute the Promotion and Repetition Rates for a particular area.
Gr 1 Gr 2 Gr 3 Gr 4 Gr 5 Gr 6
Promotion Rate 82.47% 90.18% 93.11% 93.22% 92.79% 96.32%
Repetition Rate 5.39% 3.29% 2.27% 1.60% 1.41% 0.37%

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 Step 2 & 3. Compute the number of promotees up to grade 6 using the promotion
rates for the respective grade levels. Compute the number of pupils/students in
grade 1/7 who repeat once, twice, up to 6 times.
Promoted Promoted Promoted Promoted Promoted
to Gr 2 to Gr 3 to Gr 4 to Gr 5 to Gr 6
Cohort with no repetition SY N 1,000.00 824.70 743.74 692.53 645.58 599.05
Cohort repeating once SY N+1 53.92
Cohort repeating twice SY N+2 2.91 Promoted Cohort Gr X x Promotion Rate Gr X-1
Cohort repeating thrice SY N+3 0.16
Cohort repeating four times SY N+4 0.01
Cohort repeating five times SY N+5 0.00 Repeated Cohort Gr 1 x Repetition Rate Gr 1
Cohort repeating six times SY N+6 0.00

Step 4. Add the repeaters in the previous grade level who were promoted with the
pupils in the current grade level who repeated.
Promoted Promoted Promoted Promoted Promoted
to Gr 2 to Gr 3 to Gr 4 to Gr 5 to Gr 6
Cohort with no repetition SY N 1,000.00 824.70 743.74 692.53 645.58 599.05
Cohort repeating once SY N+1 53.92 71.62 81.49 86.96 90.17 85.87
Cohort repeating twice SY N+2 2.91 4.76 6.14 7.11 7.90 7.65
Cohort repeating thrice SY N+3 0.16 0.29 0.40 0.48 0.56 0.55
Cohort repeating four times SY N+4 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04
Cohort repeating five times SY N+5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cohort repeating six times SY N+6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

(Repeated Cohort Gr X-1 x Promotion Rate Gr X-1)

+ (Promoted Cohort Gr X x Repition Rate Gr X)

Step 5-7. Calculate the total for each grade level to obtain the pupil-years. Multiply
the pupil-years with the respective promotion rate to get the total promotees
(including repeaters). Calculate the reconstructed cohort survival rate for each grade
level by dividing the Total Promotees Gr X-1 (including repeaters) with the original
cohort of 1000.
Gr 1 Gr 2 Gr 3 Gr 4 Gr 5 Gr 6
Pupil-years 1,057.00 901.37 831.79 787.11 744.26 693.15
Total Promotees (including repeaters) 871.70 812.89 774.52 733.76 690.61 667.65
Reconstructed Cohort Survival Rate 100.00% 87.17% 81.29% 77.45% 73.38% 69.06%

6. COMPLETION RATE
The Completion Rate measures the percentage of grade 1/7 entrants who graduate in
elementary/secondary education. It is available only up to the division level and above.
Similar to CSR, the Completion Rate can be derived using the old and the reconstructed
method for computing the internal efficiency indicators. Below is the old formula:
Level Formula Where

Elementary Graduates Gr 6, SY N Graduates Gr 6, SY N = EOSY Graduates Current SY

(Grade 6) --------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr 1, SY N-5 Enrolment Gr 1, SY N-5 = BOSY Grade 1 Enrolment 5 years ago

Secondary Graduates Gr 12, SY N Graduates Gr 12, SY N = EOSY Graduates Current SY

(Grade 12) ---------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr 7, SY N-5 Enrolment Gr 7, SY N-5 = BOSY Grade 7 Enrolment 5 years ago

For the Completion Rate, the Department also adopted the Reconstructed Method as
discussed in the Cohort Survival Rate.

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7. COEFFICIENT OF EFFICIENCY
This indicator measures the internal efficiency of the education system. It evaluates the
impact of repetition and dropout on the efficiency of the educational process in producing
graduates. It is calculated using the Pupil-Years and the Total Promotees (including
repeaters) used in calculating the Reconstructed Cohort Survival Rate.
Level Formula

Elementary Total Promotees Gr 6 (including repeaters)

(Grades 1-6) -------------------------------------------------------- x 6
Pupil-Years Gr 1-6

Secondary Total Promotees Gr 12 (including repeaters)

(Grades 7-12) -------------------------------------------------------- x 6
Pupil-Years Gr 7-12

8. YEARS INPUT PER GRADUATE

The indicator assesses the number of years it takes for an average pupil/student to graduate
from the elementary/secondary level. It is calculated using the Pupil-Years and the Total
Promotees/Graduates (including repeaters) used in calculating the Reconstructed Cohort
Survival Rate.
Level Formula

Elementary Pupil-Years Gr 1-6

(Grades 1-6) --------------------------------------------------------
Total Promotees Gr 6 (including repeaters

Secondary Pupil-Years Gr 7-12

(Grades 7-12) --------------------------------------------------------
Total Promotees Gr 12 (including repeaters)

9. PROMOTION/GRADUATION RATE
The Promotion Rate assesses the extent of pupils/students who are promoted to the next
grade level. The grade 6/12 promotion rate is the graduation rate for the
elementary/secondary level. The computation used in the BEIS is slightly different from the
UNESCO formula using the reconstructed method since it utilizes the reported number of
promotees rather than computing for the promotees using the present enrolment and the
previous school year enrolment.

Level Formula Where

Elementary Promotees Gr X, SY N Promotees Gr X, SY N = EOSY Promotees

(Grades 1-5)/ -------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N Enrolment Gr X, SY N = BOSY Enrolment
Secondary
(Grades 7-11)

Elementary Graduates Gr X, SY N Graduates Gr X, SY N = EOSY Promotees

(Grades 6)/ -------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N Enrolment Gr X, SY N = BOSY Enrolment
Secondary
(Grades 12)

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10. REPETITION RATE
This is an EFA indicator which determines the magnitude of pupils/students who repeat a
grade level.
Level Formula Where

Elementary Repeaters Gr X, SY N Repeaters Gr X, SY N = Repeaters Current SY

(Grades 1-6)/ --------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1 = BOSY Enrolment Previous SY
Secondary
(Grades 7-12)

11. SCHOOL LEAVER RATE OR DROPOUT RATE

School Leaver Rate is the EFA measure for dropout rate. It covers both pupils/students who
do not finish a particular grade/year level as well as those who finish but fail to enroll in the
next grade/year level the following school year. It is theoretically more comprehensive than
Simple Dropout Rate but becomes unreliable in areas with substantial migration. Care
should be exercised in using this indicator at the level of the Division, Municipal and
Legislative Districts. The system does not allow use of School Leaver Rate at the school level
where it is very likely to result in a misleading measure of dropout rate.
Level Formula

Elementary (Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1 - Repeaters Gr X, SY N) - (Enrolment Gr X+1, SY N - Repeaters Gr X+1, SY N)

(Grades 1-6)/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1
Secondary
(Grades 7-12)
Where:
Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1 = BOSY Enrolment Previous SY
Enrolment Gr X+1, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Current SY
Repeaters Gr X, SY N = Repeaters Current SY
Repeaters Gr X+1, SY N

Or Using Reconstructed Method:

1 - Promotion Rate - Repetition Rate

12. SIMPLE DROPOUT RATE

The Simple Dropout Rate calculates the percentage of pupils/students who do not finish a
particular grade/year level. It does not capture pupils/students who finish a grade/year
level but do not enroll in the next grade/year level the following school year.
Level Formula Where

Elementary Dropouts Gr X, SY N Dropouts Gr X, SY N = EOSY Dropouts Current SY

(Grades 1-6)/ -------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N Enrolment Gr X, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Current SY
Secondary
(Grades 7-12)

13. TRANSITION RATE

The indicator assesses the extent by which pupils are able to move to the next higher level of
education (i.e. primary to intermediate and elementary to secondary). It indicates the degree
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of access to the next higher level, measuring the upward mobility in the educational
hierarchy. Care should be exercised in using this indicator at the level of the Division,
Municipal and Legislative Districts where migration can increase or reduce the results of the
indicator. It is not calculated at the school level for this reason.

Level Formula Where

Elementary to New Entrants Gr.7, SY N New Entrants Gr.7, SY N = Enrolment – Repeaters (Current SY)
Junior HS ------------------------------ x 100
(Grade 6 to 7) Enrolment Gr 6, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr 6, SY N-1 = Enrolment (Previous SY)

Junior HS to New Entrants Gr.11, SY N New Entrants Gr.11, SY N = Enrolment – Repeaters (Current SY)
Senior HS ------------------------------ x 100
(Grade 10 to 11) Enrolment Gr 10, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr 10, SY N-1 = Enrolment (Previous SY)

14. RETENTION RATE

The Retention Rate determines the degree of pupils/students in a particular school year who
continue to be in school in the succeeding year. This indicator is also vulnerable to migration
and is not advisable to compute at the school level.
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 2-6, SY N Enrolment Gr 2-6, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 2-6, Current SY
(Grades 1-6) ---------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr 1-5, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr 1-5, SY N-1 = BOSY Enrolment Grades 1-5, Previous SY

Secondary Enrolment Gr 8-12, SY N Enrolment Gr 8-12, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 8-12, Current SY
(Grades 7-12) ---------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr 7-11, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr 7-11, SY N-1 = BOSY Enrolment Grades 7-11, Previous SY

15. PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO

It is the average number of pupils/students per teacher at a specific level of education in a
given school-year. A high teacher pupil-ratio suggests that each teacher has to be
responsible for a large number of pupils. In other words, the higher the pupil-teacher ratio,
the lower is the relative access of pupils to teachers.
On the other hand, a low number of pupils per teacher indicate pupils will have a better
chance of contact with the teachers and hence a better teaching-learning process.
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 1-6

(Grades 1-6) --------------------------- x 100
Teachers Gr 1-6, SY N Teachers Gr 1-6, SY N = Teachers Grades 1-6

Junior HS Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 7-10

(Grades 7-10) ---------------------------- x 100
Teachers Gr 7-10, SY N Teachers Gr 7-10, SY N = Teachers Grades 7-10

Senior HS Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 11-12

(Grades 11-12) ---------------------------- x 100
Teachers Gr 11-12, SY N Teachers Gr 11-12, SY N = Teachers Grades 11-12

16. PUPIL-CLASSROOM RATIO

This refers to the average number of learners per classroom in the elementary or secondary
education in a given school-year.

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 Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 1-6

(Grades 1-6) --------------------------- x 100
Classroom Gr 1-6, SY N Classroom Gr 1-6, SY N = Instructional Rooms for Grades 1-6

Junior HS Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 7-10

(Grades 7-10) ---------------------------- x 100
Classroom Gr 7-10, SY N Classroom Gr 7-10, SY N = Instructional Rooms for Grades 7-10

Senior HS Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 11-12

(Grades 11-12) ---------------------------- x 100
Classroom Gr 11-12, SY N Classroom Gr 11-12, SY N = Instructional Rooms for Grades 11-12

17. PUPIL-SEAT RATIO

This indicator is the average number of learners per seat (armchair/desk) in the elementary
or secondary education in a given school-year.
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 1-6

(Grades 1-6) --------------------------- x 100
Seats Gr 1-6, SY N Seats Gr 1-6, SY N = Seats (1-armchair; 2-desk) for Grades 1-6

Junior HS Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 7-10

(Grades 7-10) ---------------------------- x 100
Seats Gr 7-10, SY N Seats Gr 7-10, SY N = Seats (1-armchair; 2-desk) for Grades 7-10

Senior HS Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 11-12

(Grades 11-12) --------------------------- x 100
Seats Gr 11-12, SY N Seats Gr 11-12, SY N = Seats (1-armchair; 2-desk) for Grades 11-12

18. INTER-QUARTILE RATIO (IQR)

This is a more precise quantitative measure of disparities in the distribution of the available
teachers which can be calculated at various levels. It is used to monitor the status and
progress of the distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools. It
measures the proportion of a limited resource (in this case, teachers) available to the most-
favored quartile of a recipient group (in this case, students) compared to the proportion
available to the least-favored quartile.
Level Formula Where

Elementary t(Q1) Q1 = most favored quartile or 25% of the pupils/students

(Grades 1-6)/ --------
t(Q2) Q2 = least favored quartile or 25% of the pupils/students
Secondary t(Q1) = estimated teachers available to Q1 pupils/students
(Grades 7-12)
t(Q2) = estimated teachers available to Q4 pupils/students

Sample interpretation of IQR:

IQR Interpretation
All students (the most favored 25% and the least favored 20%) have exactly equal access to the
1
available teachers
2 The most favored 25% of students have twice as many teachers as the least-favored 25%
2.5 The most favored 25% of students have 2.5 as many teachers as the least-favored 25%
3 The most favored 25% of students have three times as many teachers as the least-favored 25%

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19. GENDER-PARITY INDEX (GPI)
It is calculated as the ratio of the selected indicator value for girls divided by the indicator
value for boys. A value of less than one indicates a difference in favor of boys; a value above
one indicates a difference in favor of girls. A value close to 1 (one) indicates gender parity.
For gender parity to GPI should be in the range of 0.97 and 1.03.
Level Formula Where

Elementary Female Female = Value of Indicator for Girls (Female)

(Grades 1-6)/ ----------- Male = Value of Indicator for Boys (Male)
Male
Secondary
(Grades 7-12)

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