BIOLOGY

Name: Jhustine Louie D. Barrientos

Year and Section: 11 STEM - COMMTECH

Research Title: Effect of Smoking on the Increase of Infectious Diseases

Authors: Khadijeh Ahmadi, Zahra Gharibi, Parivash Davoodian, Hamed Gouklani, Mehdi
Hassaniazad, and Nahid Ahmadi (Ahmadi et al., 2022)

Research objectives: The objective of the research is to study the role of smoking in
increasing the risk of infectious diseases. Also, the purpose of this research is to focus on
the effects of smoking on the increase of infectious diseases.

Rationale: The research was done to investigate the role of smoking in increasing the
risk of infectious diseases and the mechanisms by which the risk of infection may be
increased.

Relevant Results
 The formation of microbial and infectious colonies in the respiratory tract can be the
result of the effect of cigarette smoke.
 Cigarette or tobacco smoke increases the risk of infectious diseases through
mechanisms including influence on the mucociliary escalator, biofilm formations,
and cigarette and antibiotic resistance.
 Smokeng increases the risk and recurrence rate of respiratory tract infections.
 Smoking was associated with higher rates of high-risk sexual behaviors that can
have an indirect effect on the increase of infectious diseases such as AIDS and
hepatitis.
 Smoking increases the risk of death for people with respiratory infectious diseases
by exacerbating the symptoms of the disease.
 Smoking impairs the immune system, which inhibits virus replication and also
stimulates the production of inflammatory infections.
 The biological effect of smoking on the immune system or local tissue level affects
the level of susceptibility to infection.
Conclusion: Given the results, smoking can increase the incidence and mortality of
infectious illnesses and diseases. Cigarette smoking significantly raises the risk of
developing infections. Smoking is predicted to considerably contribute to the global
disease burden.

Relevance in the present time: Smoking is a very harmful habit for both men and
women. It is also very infectious. We must understand how dangerous the mere
presence of smoke in our environmeit is. We are living in a world where there are many
different diseases infected and educated on what we should do to protect ourselves
from these infections.

Research Opportunities
 This research can be improved by adding what kinds of medicines or antibiotics can
be used to prevent or treat infectious diseases.
 This research can also be enhanced by including details on avoiding smoking and
how people can be prevented from using tobacco or cigarettes.

Personal Gain: As a STEM student that dislikes the smell of smoke, I understand how
dangerous it can cause every piece of cigarette to the point that it can cause illness,
diseases, death, and even damage our environment. Smoking is a hard habit to break
because tobacco contains a very addictive chemical, nicotine. Therefore, it gives
informative knowledge and raises awareness about smoking.