Translated from Indonesian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

com

1. Clutch

In summary, the working mechanism of the clutch is that the engine rotation from the
crankshaft is forwarded by the clutch to the transmission and to the rear wheels when the
clutch pads and clutch plates are closed.
Based on its working principle, the clutch can be divided into two types, namely manual clutch
and automatic clutch. Manual clutches are usually still embedded in sport-type motorcycles so
that the rider needs to press the clutch lever before changing the gear position. While the
automatic clutch has been widely applied to motorcycles of the duck type. Unfortunately the
clutch that runs automatically results in quite a lot of power being lost.
A. Manual clutch

The component whose job is to regulate the performance of the manual clutch is the clutch
handle/lever. Simply by pressing the clutch lever, then you have activated its function.
When the clutch lever is retracted, the clutch wire will press the clutch release device,
compress the pressure rod, then push the pressure plate in the direction opposite to the
direction of the clutch spring force. As a result, the position of the friction plate and
pressure plate become stretched so that the rotation of the clutch housing is not forwarded
to the main shaft.

Conversely, when the clutch lever is free, the pressure plate and friction plate will be
clamped by the pressure plate with the clutch spring. This results in the emergence of
torque from the crankshaft to the rear wheels. Remember, manual clutch uses two types of
intermediary media, namely the clutch wire which is pulled by the clutch lever and the
hydraulic system which is pressed by the clutch lever.
 B. Automatic clutch
The working principle of the clutch is basically the same as the manual clutch. The difference
lies in the technique of operating the automatic clutch which is not pulled by the clutch
cable or pressed by hydraulic fluid, instead this clutch relies on a centrifugal clutch
component that works according to the engine rotation speed. When the engine speed is
low, the centrifugal clutch and clutch lining will turn small, causing the clutch shoe to be
released from the clutch housing and then pulled towards the crankshaft.
This resulted in the position of the clutch housing associated with the first gear drive to be
free from the crankshaft. Then when the engine rotation speed increases, the force created
by the centrifugal clutch will increase and exceed the pulling force so that the clutch canvas
will be pushed up to the clutch housing. Furthermore, this clutch housing will also rotate
and then forward it to the first gear that is driven.
The automatic clutch has also been embedded with a second clutch. This clutch position is
deliberately placed together with the primary driver gear on the central shaft. This second
clutch is also directly related to the mechanism of the process of shifting the gear
transmission. So when the gear shift position is shifted by the gear shift pedal, the second
clutch will be released automatically by the movement of the gear shift shaft.

2. Transmission (gear box)

The transmission system is a set of gears made to manipulate the momentum generated by the
engine.
 In each type of transmission there is a series of paired gear arrangements with a shape that has
been adjusted to produce a gear ratio. One of them, a pair of teeth located on the main shaft --
main shaft-- and another pair of teeth that functions as an exit shaft --output shaft--, to regulate
the speed level of the motorbike.

A. Manual transmission
Manual transmission is the type of transmission used in motorized vehicles. This system
uses a clutch operated by the driver to control the transfer of torque from the engine to the
transmission, as well as a gear shift that is operated by hand (on cars) or foot (on
motorbikes).
B. Automatic transmission
Automatic transmission is a transmission that automatically shifts acceleration gears. To
change the speed level in this automatic transmission system, a friction mechanism and
automatic transmission oil pressure are used.

3. Wheel drive mechanism (final drive)

The wheel drive system is one of the important factors in motorcycle construction. The
choice of final drive construction certainly requires careful calculation according to the
specifications and uses of the motorcycle later.
There are three types of final drives on motorcycles that are commonly found.
A. Shaft (propeller / axle drive)
 Propeller drives using axles are often found in
premium class motorbikes with large CC. This is because the propeller drive system has
quite a large power loss, up to 30%. By using it as a power generator on a large CC
motor, the power generated by the engine is automatically large so that a power loss of
up to 30% is not too pronounced.

The propeller drive system offers ease of maintenance and considerable durability, it is
also quieter than the chain drive but still noisier than the belt drive. Unlike in a car
where the propeller shaft can be seen from the outside, the construction of the
propeller drive on the motorbike is hermetically sealed from the engine output to the
wheel axle making it free from the external environment which is exposed to various
sources of damaging media so that the propeller drive is classified as the most durable
as a motorcycle wheel drive .

If cared for properly and regularly with normal use, the propeller propulsion system can
last forever.

The weakness of this propulsion system is that it is very heavy and costs quite a lot if
there is damage to the system.

B. Belt (belt drive)

 Wheel drive using a belt (belt) does not produce
noise. In the latest motorbike output, we have found many drive systems with a belt,
especially on automatic motorbikes.

But the use of the belt is not only on automatic motorbikes, many motorbikes with
manual transmission also apply this drive system.

From a maintenance point of view, belt drive wheels require less maintenance because
this system does not require periodic lubrication.

Moreover, in the automatic motor drive system, the belt is tightly closed so that there is
no direct contact with the surrounding environment.

Even so, the belt component parts need to be cleaned periodically from belt debris
resulting from friction with the pulley. Especially those where the belt position is tightly
closed, such as on an automatic motorbike.

When it breaks while on the move, a wheel drive with a belt is safer because it doesn't
result in the tires locking up as is common with a chain drive.
However, for a belt drive with a closed mechanism, such as an automatic motor, the belt
replacement process is quite time-consuming.
The power loss resulting from the use of a belt on a wheel drive is around 11-15% on a
manual motor.
This power loss can be caused by the nature of the belt forming material which can
stretch when exposed to forces when accelerating. In its development, wheel drive belts
are made with stronger materials, one of which is kevlar.
C. Chain (chain drive)
 The chain is the most popular wheel drive to date.
From everyday motorbikes to racing motorbikes, they use a chain mechanism as their
propulsion. Frankly, because the chain has high efficiency in the process of distributing
power to the wheels. It is recorded that the power loss generated by the chain drive is
only around 5% to a maximum of 10%.
That is why even on racing motorbikes, the chain drive is still trusted to continue the
engine power of the wheels.
The chain drive has flexibility in selecting the gear ratio of the final drive. Unlike the
propeller drive, the final ratio cannot be changed at will.
Even so, the famous chain drive is the noisiest compared to other drives. Friction
between the chain and gear which is made of metal material produces a distinctive
sound.
The open position also requires periodic maintenance such as lubricating it regularly and
cleaning dust or traces of oil stuck to the chain and sprocket.
The chain drive also needs to be adjusted periodically to ensure that the gap remains
within the provisions to ensure maximum power transfer.
In the production of earlier motorbikes, the chain was given a cover as a protection from
dust or dirt which could interfere with and reduce the life of the chain.
However, this chain cover component turned out to be inefficient and produced a noisy
sound due to chain friction and the cover, which is usually made of plate material, so
many ended up removing it.
Moreover, this chain cover actually complicates the process of maintaining or replacing
the chain. Especially if the chain breaks during a long journey.
To overcome this, in modern motorcycle chains, there are O-rings that can hold the
lubricant that has been added to each axle in the chain during the manufacturing
process so that it does not seep out.
This O-ring system makes the motorcycle chain quieter. However, this type of chain is
still sold at a relatively higher price than the usual type of chain.
 But the price offered is still relatively reasonable for a chain that has minimal
maintenance and with higher durability and performance.

4. Wheels and tires (wheel and Tire)

A. Wheel

Motorcycle wheels are built to cope with both radial and axial
forces. They also provide a means of mounting other important components such as brakes,
final drives and suspension. The wheel, and anything directly connected to it, is considered
an untwisted mass.
B. Tire

A motorcycle tire is the outer part of the motorcycle wheel,

which is attached to the rim, providing traction, resisting wear and tear, absorbing surface
irregularities and allowing the motorcycle to turn via countersteering.