Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Department of Education
Region V (Bicol)
Schools Division of Ligao City
BICOL REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tuburan, Ligao City
TEL: (052)7360019 (052)7360031 E-Mail: bicolrshs@yahoo.com Website:
brshs.depedligaocity.net
The Perceived Social Support of the Senior High School Students of Bicol Regional
Science High School on the Conduct of Face to Face Classes in the New Normal Set-up
Yuji Iizuka
Gabrielle Robrigado
Research/Capstone Project
December 2022
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I: Introduction………………………………………………………….3
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………..……..12
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………..……….13
Instrumentation ……………………………………………………………...…15
Assumption ……………………………………………………………….…..17-18
References ……………………………………………………………………….…...18-20
Appendices …………………………………………………………………………...20-21
The Perceived Social Support of Senior High School Students of Bicol Regional Science
High School on the conduct of face-to-face classes in the New Normal set-up
The majority of the population had their homes isolated when COVID-19 first
appeared in China in late 2019 in an effort to stop the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A
person's mental health suffers when they are isolated for long stretches of time. In order to
discomfort and its established risk factors, such as coping mechanisms and emotion
regulation.
Having social support is one of the essential needs of the people today. According to a
study conducted by Born Brave Experiences, social support helps reduce the emotion of
subscales are identified and found out to have the “strong factorial validity” of support: (a)
Family; (b) Friends; and the support from their (c) Significant Other. High levels of perceived
social support were associated with low levels of depression and anxiety. Hence, the higher
social support you receive, the lower the risk of having depression and anxiety.
One of the main subscales according to the MSPSS, is the support from the Family.
Family plays a big role to the development of a child. It is one of the framework6 of a child’s
behavior and attitude. From a twin study in genetics: The environment plays a significant role
in the expression of trait rather than heredity. The way a child describes things and how
deeply or superficial the child looks at things is mostly the effect of the environment he/she
lives in.
Guilford Press, 2012). The parent is the important role model, the way they act is mostly
based from what they see and they do at home. Families support results to a more positive,
active, and gains more confidence than those who lack support. If a child can communicate
properly with other people then it shows that they have a good communication at home, it
just shows that they have an effective parent and child communication. Nevertheless, a
child’s behavior and acts reflects on the way they are raised and nurtured.
Aside from Family support, one of the most essential supports a child receives is from
its peers or friends. Adolescent peer groups are becoming the highly suggestive social
relationships in a teen’s life, often contributing more support and development, enhancing the
student’s confidence and independence and finding their own personal identities and
preferences. Peer acceptance helps teens to engage in activities wherein they can choose their
own support group. Because of peer acceptance, teens can easily determine their ability to
gain social interaction. They can modify their speech, apparel preference and attitude choices.
Attaining peer acceptance often leads to peer similarity that provides sense of
assurance among adolescents that they are becoming a part of their generation. Since it’s a
big deal for the youth to “fit in”, they tend to participate, engage and immerse on activities,
hobbies, trainings as their friends. This enables them to have a great bond and connection that
will attract them towards peer groups with their similar characteristics, experiences, interests
and the same perspective on life. Thus, peer support plays an influential role to a child’s
holistic well-being.
One part of the MSPSS is the support gained from his/her significant other.
Motivation from social relationships help people to achieve their goals and engage in learning
activities. It would be easier to attain success when you connect with a person who is going
through the same experience. According to Social Support in Couples by Carolyn E. Cutrona,
the relationship between two people is described as highly interdependent when, over a
prolonged period of time, the activities of each person have strong and frequent impact on
those of the other person across many domains of the individual’s lives.
In other words, the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of each person are strongly
influenced by each other. An individual will be able to cope and perform better when his or
Wherefore, support from our family, peers and our significant other contributes a
huge impact to our development. To better assess the amount of social support the Grade 12
Students of Bicol Regional Science High School perceives on the conduct of face-to-face
classes in the New Normal set-up, the researchers have come up to the study, “The Perceived
Social Support of Grade 12 Students of Bicol Regional Science High School on the conduct
The study aims to investigate how much social support are perceived by the Senior
High School students of Bicol Regional Science High School on the conduct of face-to-face
classes in the New Normal set-up. Thus, the proponents wish to determine the amount of
social support they receive from their Family, Friends and Significant Other, respectively,
Various people will surely benefit from the study. The researchers will conduct a
survey to assess the perceived amount of social support of the Senior High School students of
Bicol Regional Science High School on the conduct of face-to-face classes in the New
Parents – the research could disseminate information to the parents that their support
Academe – the study could raise awareness to educators as well as the students that
family, friends and their significant other plays a big factor to a child’s social support
Students and Future Researchers – the research paper could serve as basis in
Null Hypothesis: The Perceived Social Support of Grade 12 Students of Bicol Regional
Science High School on the conduct of face-to-face classes in the New Normal set-up is not
adequate.
Regional Science High School on the conduct of face-to-face classes in the New Normal set-
up is adequate.
Due to its rapid spread and capacity to induce illnesses of all severity levels, the
COVID-19 pandemic, which the World Health Organization designated as a public health
emergency of worldwide concern, has drawn attention from all over the world. Numerous
nations throughout the world have implemented contact tracing, case isolation, and
past crises, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have resulted in numerous changes to how
people live, including uncertainty, alterations to daily routines, financial strains, and social
isolation. As a result, the general public may experience significant psychological and
In order to preserve healthy physical and mental health, social support is crucial.
Overall, it appears that high-quality positive social support can increase resiliency to stress,
decrease medical morbidity and mortality (Southwick SM et al., 2005). Despite this, the field
of psychiatry has been slow to acknowledge the positive effects of social support on physical
Due of the pandemic itself and the associated quarantine measures, a wider range of
people will experience stressful events than they would in other crises or disasters (such as an
earthquake or an economic crisis). As a result, support from the micro (spouse, family,
support, it is crucial to take into account the function of other social support systems in
mental health within a larger framework. Furthermore, it's critical to recognize that during the
COVID-19 pandemic, people may experience varying relative degrees of various types of
support (for example, high levels of support from the community or even society as a whole,
but low levels of support from family). However, little is known about how various forms of
social support interact to affect mental health at this time. People would experience a variety
of stressful experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic; therefore, it stands to reason that
those with high levels of social support will have better mental health than those with
Related Literature
As stated in Gregory R. Pierce’s Handbook of Social Support and Family, the essence
of social support is broad and comprises of different constituents. And had been claimed as
the most constant aspect for personal adjustment. Supportive relationships that emphasized
the expectations about how supportive would they be and how would their response be
associated knowing that social support involves two types of participants referred to as the
Supportive transactions that include the exchange behavioral efforts between the
provider and recipient. Furthermore, it uses two broad views of social support. (a) situation-
specific view in which the social support is correlated in immersing with a particular stressful
event (Cohen and Wils, 1985) and (b) A developmental approach in which social support was
Hence, from the Alliance Magazine, peer support is essential on professional growth.
The best way to adjust in an work environment is to have a conversation with your
workmates because it will be a good start to create spaces for peer learning and at the same
Also, as cited in the WebMD article of Smitha Bhandari Md., the biggest advantage
of having a support group is that you’ll get support from other people which can contribute to
your self-confidence, self-development, improve your mood and will make you feel less
alone.
According to Peers for Progress Organization, having peer support links people under
the threat of chronic conditions to more likely survive. People with a common illness in a
common group are able to share learnings and experiences, thus making it easier for them to
adapt.
It is also stated, in the same source, that peer support has four core functions: (1)
Assistance in daily management; (2) Social and Emotional Support; (3) Linkages to clinical
care and community resources and; (4) Ongoing support extended over time which
According to Trinity Grammar School, family is the most influential part on the
emotional and physical development of a child. A child sees the world, in the way how the
family perceives it. The family unit is also where the child learns the value of building a
Also, as stated by the same source, it is within the family where the child learns how
On the other hand, in The book of Social Support in Couples by Corolyn E. Cutrona,
also means the response and effort to other is offered. Benefits of frequent exchange to
As stated by Inc.com, a male or a female support from a life partner can make or
break the path to prosperity. In other words, if you selflessly support your significant other,
he or she will probably be even more successful and could add greater happiness in your
family.
Related Studies
and primarily takes the form of practical help. Receiving counsel, obtaining one-on-one
assistance, and facing challenges are all seen as sympathetic activities rather than intrusive
actions. Furthermore, teenagers in the Philippines can also take advantage of a range of social
number of elements, as stated in Murat Bursal's study released in March 2012 titled
"Academic Achievement and Perceived Peer Support Among Turkish Students: Gender and
Preschool Education Impact." Different forms of help or support, such that provided by
teachers and peers, have a bigger impact on students' active involvement and academic
success. The early stage of adolescence is when peers are most important. Peer support is
The period of adolescence is known to be the time when a young adult develops itself,
a time where he or she discovers different things and explores, learning to live their life and
beginning to deal with reality, according to The Impact of Peer Relations Academic Progress
in Junior High, a study conducted by Mirard J. Lubbers, Margareth PC.et al., on July 2006
They need to be watched over because they are more susceptible during this
transitional period. Stress can be detrimental to one's physical, mental, and emotional well-
being. An individual may suffer harm when their mental and emotional well-being is at
jeopardy since it may lead to dangerous behaviors and significant mental diseases. It has been
demonstrated that social support significantly influences how pupils' and adolescents'
growing personhood.
student's academic success. It affects the student's Academic record as well, yet whether or
not the student is socially attached depends on their personality. High social people adjust to
their surroundings and base their academic success on the achievement of their peers.
Perceived Social Support Dimensionality and Age and Gender Differences in Adolescents,”
older adolescents have less family support than younger ones, girls have more friends but less
family support than boys, based on the family and friends’ subscales. Younger boys received
the highest level of family support while older girls have the highest level of friends’ support.
Also, according to Wang and Eccles, as stated in their study "School Context,
observation of the school environment, achievement motivation, and school engagement are
affected by the conditions of the school environment. These relationships were influenced by
achievement motivation.
Maria Camara, et al., stated in their study, “The Role Social support in Adolescents,”
that adolescents link relationship as a core experience of distress. Relationship can be the
At the same time, adolescents consider relationship as a solution for them to cope
better with stress under certain event and condition. The study used the dual role of
Stressor was described as the “this is stressing me out”. It has been observed that
family conflict includes the pressure that parents gave to their child, overthinking that they
might not focus on their academic performance and ended up being unsuccessful. In terms of
peers, adolescents seem to be paranoid about the comments and approval of their peers
While Social Support as “are you helping me”. Social support for adolescents need
help-seeking behavior to happen. They most likely prefer to receive and give is emphatic
responses or emotional support. However, they emphasized that support responses should
Adolescents” by F. Ebru Ikiz and Firdevs Savi Cakar, indicated that girls are got much higher
level of social support from peers than boys. Furthermore, the research emphasized that there
Nevertheless, it can be said that without linking gender, when social support of
adolescent increases, level of self-esteem also increases. The result also indicates that higher
level of self-esteem and more support groups results in better academic achievement and
social adjustment.
impacts of inadequate social support and the protective effects of having access to extensive
and useful social networks on psychological health. The researchers will take a sample size
20, from each section every grade level. To ascertain the underlying psychological processes,
The study made by the researchers in regards to the conceptualization and perception
definitions that have been postulated to explain this subjective yet important phenomenon.
Social support can be defined as the level of support received through interaction with other
people. Support can be emotional (e.g. empathy), specific (e.g. practical assistance), or
informational (e.g. advice). The purpose of this study is to measure the amount of Social
Support (SS) a person receives from three sources i.e. friends, family, significant/special
people.
Definition of Terms
Family. Family is a social unit of two or more persons related by blood, marriage or
Friends. Friends is defined as a person that you are fond of, with whom you talk to or
Perceived Social Support, also called as MSPSS; a short instrument designed to measure
Social Support. Social Support refers to various ways in which individuals aid others
that identified as key component of social relationships and strong psychological health
Conceptual Framework
The study will be using a survey as a method for collecting data. Answers will be
gathered from the chosen senior high school students at Bicol Regional Science High School.
Collected data will be analyzed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social
Support (MSPSS). After conducting this procedure, the researchers aim to determine how
much social support are perceived by the Senior High School students at Bicol Regional
Science High School on the conduct of face-to-face classes in the New Normal set-up.
Research Methodology
This chapter explains various methodologies that were used in gathering data and
Research Design
The researcher will conduct a qualitative study in order to meet the research
objectives. The researchers based their testing on their respondents of random samples of 10
from every section of each grade level in Bicol Regional Science High School. Moreover, the
researchers utilized the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to gain
access of data on the probable factors addressed in relation to social support through a 12-
As aforementioned above, the test was used to record information regarding the
mental health and social state of students during and post the COVID-19 pandemic and to
formulate conclusions for possible solutions for a more positive outlook on a large array of
youth.
Research Methodology
This chapter aims to describe the methodological approach used to investigate how
much social support is perceived by Senior High School students at Bicol Regional Science
High School during the conduct of face-to-face classes in the New Normal setup. This
chapter will present the purpose, research design, sample collection methods, data collection
methods, and results analysis. It will present the research's goal and methodological
approach. The research's reliability and validity will be discussed, as well as how the
established data will be analyzed. Finally, the ethical implications and limitations of this
The study uses a qualitative approach for the research topic. The goal of the study is
to analyze the evidence thoroughly in order to demonstrate the negative effects of insufficient
social support and the protective effects of having access to extensive and useful social
chosen. A descriptive research method, in particular, was used to describe the population,
administered to the Senior High School students of Bicol Regional Science High School. The
researchers will take a sample size 20, from each section every grade level. Random sampling
shall be observed.
Instrumentation
wherein the students were required to answer the 12-item questionnaire. The researchers will
employ the MSPSS's standard scoring. wherein the researchers will figure out the average
results for each subscale. The "Significant Other" subscale is represented by items 1, 2, 5, and
10; the "Family" subscale is represented by items 3, 4, and 8; and the "Friends" subscale is
The MSPSS is a 12-item questionnaire which taps the relationship of a student to its
family, peers and to its significant other. This questionnaire directly addresses social support
divided into factor groups relating to the source of social support (i.e., Family, Friends and
Significant Other). Each group contains four items with a 7-point rating scale, ranging from 1
Data Analysis
administered to the Senior High School students of Bicol Regional Science High School. The
researchers will take a sample size 20, from each section every grade level. Random sampling
shall be observed.
The standard scoring for the MSPSS shall be used by the researchers. Wherein, the
researchers shall calculate the mean scores in each subscale. Items 1, 2, 5 and 10 correspond
to ‘Significant Other’ subscale; 3, 4, 8 and 11 for ‘Family’ subscale and; items 6, 7, 9 and 12
To calculate the mean scores of the total scale, the researchers shall get the sum across
The mean scores are interpreted through the scale response descriptors. Through these
descriptors, any mean score ranging from 1 to 2.9 is considered to have low social support; a
score of 3 to 5 is considered to have moderate support; and mean scores ranging from 5.1 to 7
Statistical Treatment
The researchers used the weighted mean to determine the perceived social
support of the Senior High School students on the conduct of face-to-face classes in
Where:
𝑋̅ = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
n= Number of Samples
∑× = 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑥
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1988)
Assumption
A. The factors of support from the micro (spouse, family, friends) can reduce the
self- efficacy, stress, and social isolation, an adequate intake of SS enhances mental health.
B. It calculates how much social security a someone receives from friends, family, and a
special someone.
expected to alter sense of social support therefore potentially influencing the structural
validity. This suggests that respondents were unable to distinguish between the assistance
received from family, friends, and significant others, as the developers hypothesized.
d. Examples of concerns that affect both the internal and external validity of the psychometric
evaluation studies include the sampling, treatment of missing data, the analysis model
utilized, bias in research reporting, and other aspects. Additionally, because responsiveness,
critical/cutoff values, floor and ceiling effects, and other psychometric features were not
recorded, there is less support for the MSPSS's claimed psychometric robustness.
The study’s primary focus is on assessing the perceived social support of the Senior
High School students of Bicol Regional Science High School on the conduct of face-to-face
classes in the New Normal set-up using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social
Support (MSPSS). The use of other scales except for the MSPSS, is not tackled as well as
References
Bhandari S. Md (2018 January 16). What are Anxiety for support groups.
https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/anxiety-support-group
Bokoff, J. (2018, July 25). The support group that is essential to professional growth. (Us.).
essential-to-professional-growth-us/
Bursal, M. (2016). Academic Achievement and Perceived Peer Support among Turkish
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1134207.pdf
Camara, M., Bacigalupe, G., & Padilla, P. (2014, March 27). The role of social support in
https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2013.875480
Cheng, S.-T., & Chan, A. (2004, November). The multidimensional scale of perceived social
support: dimensionality and age and gender differences in adolescents. Personality and
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=ywl1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q
&f=false
Daum, K. (2013, June 25). 9 ways to help your significant other be successful | inc.com. 9
daum/9-ways-to-help-your-significant-other-be-successful.html
Eccles, J., & Wang, M.-T. (2013, May 21). School context, achievement motivation, and
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959475213000327
Fernandez, K. G. (2011, October 14). Support Means Direct Help: Filipino Adolescents’
SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12646-011-0129-3
Ikiz, F. E., & Cakar, F. S. (2010, March 25). Perceived social support and self-esteem in
Lubbers, M. J. (2006). The impact of peer relations on academic progress in junior high.
Pierce, G.et al. (2013). The handbook of Social Support and Family.
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
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&f=false
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2022). What is peer support? Peers For Progress
support/what-is-peer-support/
Appendices
Questionnaire
Name (optional):_______________________________Email:_________________________
Our group is conducting a research study entitled "The Perceived Social Support of The
Senior High School Students of Bicol Regional Science High School on The Conduct of The
Face To Face Classes”. This study aims to investigate how much social support is perceived
by the Senior High School students of Bicol Regional Science High School on the conduct of
face-to-face classes in the New Normal set-up. Hence, we would like to invite you to join in
answering our survey. All the personal information you'll provide will be treated with the
Instructions: We are interested in how you feel about the following statements. Read each