Lecture M2 01 2021 B

Engineering Mechanics (BA 142) 2020/2021
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE

MERCIFUL THE COMPASSIONATE
1` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021
COLLEDGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

2020 - 2021
1 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

and Maritime Transport Engineering Mechanics II TECHNOLOGY
➢ COURSE INFORMATION
• Course Description
• Course Aim and Objectives
OUTLINES • Assessment
• Syllabus: An Overview
➢ LECTURE (1)

COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course will include an introduction of the
kinematics of the particle, rectilinear, curvelinear and
projectile motions, as well as force and acceleration
(Kinetic). Moreover, work and energy of a particle,
rotation of a body about a fixed axis, general plan
motion, relative velocity and acceleration, equations of
translation – rotational.


COURSE AIM
The aim of the course is to provide one of the most

useful and powerful tools for analysis in engineering
by a thorough comprehension of the theory and
applications of dynamics which deals with the
accelerated motion of a body.

COURSE OBJECTIVES
The course objectives are to study the geometry of
motion (Kinematics) as well as the relationship
between the motion of a body and the forces and the
moments acting on it (Kinetics).
Kinematics of a particle as: Rectilinear & Curvilinear Motion –
Projectile Motion.
Kinetics as: Force & Acceleration - Work & Energy of a particle
Rotation of a Rigid Body about a fixed Axis - General Plan Motion
- Relative Motion (Velocity & Acceleration) - Planar Kinetics of
Rigid Body – Equation of Translation Motion - Equation of
Rotational Motion - Equation of General Plane Motion - Work
and Energy.


Course Assessment
Procedures
➢ Written examination to assess the intended
learned outcomes
➢ Class activities (Reports, Discussions, quizzes,….)
Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

Course Assessment
Schedule
➢ Assignment 1 7th Week Written Exam
➢ Assignment 2 12th Week Written Exam
➢ Assignment 3 Continuous Assessments
➢ Assignment 4 16th Week Final Exam


Course Assessment
Weighting of assessments
➢ Class Performance/Attendance: 10%
➢ Midterm # 1/Assignments (7th Week) 30%
➢ Midterm # 2/Assignments (12th Week) 20%

➢ Final-term examination 40%
------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100%

Course Instructor:
Dr. Eng. Kamal El-Nahhas


Course Syllabus: An Overview

SUBJECT WEEK
Introduction - Kinematics of a particle – Rectilinear Kinematics. 1

Curvilinear Motion – Projectile Motion 2
Force & Acceleration - Work & Energy of a particle (Kinetics). 3-4
Rotation of a Rigid Body about a fixed Axis 5

General Plan Motion 6
Midterm # 1/Assignments 7
Relative Motion (Velocity & Acceleration) 8 -9
Planar Kinetics of Rigid Body – Equation of Translation Motion - 10-11
Equation of Rotational Motion
Midterm # 2/Assignments 12
Equation of General Plane Motion 13
Work and Energy - Review 14-15
FINAL EXAM 16

LECTURE (1)
- Introduction & Main Concepts

- Kinematics of a Particle
- Rectilinear Kinematics


INTRODUCTION
Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is
concerned with the state of rest or motion of bodies
subjected to the action of forces.
Engineering mechanics is divided into two areas of
study, namely, statics and dynamics. Statics is
concerned with the equilibrium of a body that is
either at rest or moves with constant velocity.
The subject of dynamics will be presented in two
parts: kinematics, which treats only the geometric
aspects of the motion, and kinetics, which is the
analysis of the forces causing the motion.

MAIN CONCEPTS
• Dynamics is concerned with bodies that have accelerated
motion.
• Kinematics: study of the motion (displacement, velocity,
acceleration, & time) without reference to the cause of
motion (i.e. regardless of forces).
• Kinetics: study of the forces acting on a body, and the
resulting motion caused by the given forces.
• Rectilinear motion: position, velocity, and acceleration of a
particle as it moves along a straight line.
• Curvilinear motion: position, velocity, and acceleration of a
particle as it moves along a curved line.
15` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021 15


MAIN CONCEPTS
• Space is the geometric region occupied by bodies.
Position in space is determined relative to some
geometric reference system by means of linear and
angular measurements.
• A particle is a body has a mass but with negligible
dimensions.
When the dimensions of a body are irrelevant to the
description of its motion or the action of forces on it, the
body may be treated as a particle.
• A rigid body is a body whose changes in shape are
negligible compared with the overall dimensions of the
body or with the changes in position of the body as a
whole.
16

Kinematic of a Particle
Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration
We will begin our study of dynamics with the kinematics of a

particle that moves along a rectilinear or straight-line path.
18


Rectilinear Motion: Position
Particle moving along a straight

S
line is said to be in rectilinear
motion.
Position coordinate of a particle is

defined by (+ or -) distance of
S’
particle from a fixed origin on the
line.
Position: is the straight line path of a certain particle
from the origin O. It’s magnitude is the distance from O.

Rectilinear Motion:
Position, Displacement, Velocity & Acceleration
The motion of a particle is known if the

position coordinate for particle is
S’ known for every value of time t.
S Motion of the particle may be
expressed in the form of a function,
e.g., 𝑆 = 6𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3
or in the form of a graph S vs. t.
20


Rectilinear Motion: Displacement

Displacement: the displacement of a particle is the
change in its position, i.e. the difference between its
original and final position regardless the direction and
paths consumed.
S = S  − S
Displacement

Rectilinear Motion: Displacement
✓ The displacement will be positive if the particle’s final

position is to the right of its initial position, i.e., S’ >
S. Likewise, if the final position were to the left of its
initial position, the displacement would be negative.
✓ The displacement of a particle a vector quantity.
✓ the distance traveled is a positive scalar that
represents the total length of path over which the
particle travels.


Rectilinear Motion: Velocity

S S • Consider particle which occupies position P
at time t and P’ at t + t,
S
Average velocity =
t
S
Instantaneous velocity = v = lim
t →0 t
• Instantaneous velocity may be positive or

negative. Magnitude of velocity is referred
to as particle speed.
• From the definition of a derivative,
S dS
v = lim =
t →0 t dt

Rectilinear Motion: Velocity

If the particle moves through a displacement S during the time
interval t, the average velocity of the particle during this time
interval is: ∆𝑆
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
∆𝑡
𝑑𝑆
Instantaneous velocity = 𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡
2 3
e.g., 𝑆 = 6𝑡 − 𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = 12𝑡 − 3𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡


Average Speed vs Average Velocity
➢ The average speed is defined as the total distance

travelled by a particle, ST , divided by the elapsed time t;
i.e., 𝑆𝑇
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
∆𝑡
➢ The average speed is always a positive scalar
∆𝑆
➢ While, average velocity,𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 is: 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
∆𝑡
➢ Speed refers to the magnitude of velocity.

Rectilinear Motion: Acceleration

v’
Consider particle with velocity v at time t and v’ at t +t,

Average acceleration during the time interval t is defined as
Δ𝑣
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
Δ𝑡
Instantaneous accelerationat time t is a vector that is found by
taking smaller and smaller values of t and corresponding smaller
and smaller values of v, so that
Δ𝑣 Δ𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑 2 𝑆
𝑎 = lim 𝑎 = lim = =
Δ𝑡→0 Δ𝑡 Δ𝑡→0 Δ𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2


Rectilinear Motion: Acceleration
e.g. 𝑣 = 12𝑡 − 3𝑡 2
𝑑𝑣
𝑎= = 12 − 6𝑡
𝑑𝑡
A particle can have an acceleration
and yet have zero velocity.
Note: Both the average and instantaneous acceleration can be

either positive or negative. In particular, when the particle is
slowing down, or its speed is decreasing, the particle is said to
be decelerating.

Determining the Motion of a Particle

• Recall, motion is defined if position S is known for all time t.
𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑣 𝑑2 𝑆 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑣
𝑣= 𝑎= 𝑎= 𝑎= = =𝑣
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑆
𝒗𝒅𝒗 = 𝒂𝒅𝑺
• If the acceleration is given, we can determine velocity and

position by two successive integrations.


Uniform Rectilinear Motion

Uniform rectilinear motion acceleration = 0 velocity = constant
𝑑𝑆
= 𝑣 = constant
𝑑𝑡
𝑆 𝑡
න 𝑑𝑆 = 𝑣 න 𝑑𝑡
𝑆0 0
𝑆 − 𝑆0 = 𝑣𝑡
𝑆 = 𝑆0 + 𝑣𝑡

Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion

Uniformly accelerated motion acceleration = constant
Velocity as a Function of Time
Integrate ac = dv/dt, assuming that initially v = v0 when t = 0.
𝑣 𝑡
𝑑𝑣
= 𝑎𝑐 = const. න 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑐 න 𝑑𝑡 𝑣 − 𝑣0 = 𝑎𝑐 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑣0 0
𝒗 = 𝒗𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕



Position as a Function of Time
Integrate v= dS/dt = vo + act, assuming that initially S = S0 when t = 0.
𝑑𝑆
= 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑆 𝑡
1
න 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑆 − 𝑆0 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡 2
2
𝑆0 0
𝟏
𝑺 = 𝑺𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒄 𝒕𝟐
𝟐


Velocity as a Function of Position
Integrate vdv= acdS, assuming that initially v = v0 when t = 0.
𝑑𝑣
𝑣 = ac = constant
𝑑𝑆
𝑣 𝑆
1 2
න 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = ac න 𝑑𝑆 𝑣 − 𝑣02 = ac 𝑆 − 𝑆0
2
𝑣0 𝑆0
𝒗𝟐 = 𝒗𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐ac 𝑺 − 𝑺𝟎

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Engineering Mechanics (BA 142) 2020/2021

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE

1` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

COLLEDGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

2` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

1 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

3` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

4` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

2 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

The aim of the course is to provide one of the most

5` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

3 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

➢ Class activities (Reports, Discussions, quizzes,….)

Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

➢ Assignment 2 12th Week Written Exam

➢ Assignment 3 Continuous Assessments

➢ Assignment 4 16th Week Final Exam

Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

4 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

➢ Midterm # 2/Assignments (12th Week) 20%

Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

5 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Course Syllabus: An Overview

Introduction - Kinematics of a particle – Rectilinear Kinematics. 1

Rotation of a Rigid Body about a fixed Axis 5

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

- Introduction & Main Concepts

Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

6 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

7 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration

We will begin our study of dynamics with the kinematics of a

8 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Rectilinear Motion: Position

Particle moving along a straight

Position coordinate of a particle is

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

The motion of a particle is known if the

or in the form of a graph S vs. t.

9 Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Rectilinear Motion: Displacement

21` Dr. Kamal El-Nahhas 1 March 2021

Arab Academy for Science, Technology COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

Rectilinear Motion: Displacement

✓ The displacement will be positive if the particle’s final