RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BANDA

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Transient and Steady State Analysis of

Rectangular and Triangular Fins

A Mini Project/Internship Report Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted By
Abhishek Yadav
(2107340400001)

Under the Supervision of

Mr. Arun Kumar

Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering
Rajkiya Engineering College, Banda

To the
Mechanical Engineering Department
DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
JANUARY, 2024

1
 RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BANDA
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Transient and Steady State Analysis of

Rectangular and Triangular Fins

A Mini Project/Internship Report Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted By
Abhishek Yadav
(2107340400001)

Under the Supervision of

Mr. Arun Kumar

Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering
Rajkiya Engineering College Banda

To the
Mechanical Engineering Department
DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
JANUARY, 2024

2
 UNDERTAKING

I Abhishek Yadav(2107340400001) hereby declared that I have carried out the work presented in this mini
project/ Internship entitled “TRANSIENT AND STEADY STATE ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR
AND TRIANGULAR FINS” for the award of Bachelor of Technology from Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Technical University, Lucknow, I also declare that present work has been caried out by myself and the
contents of the project do not form the basis for the award of any other degree by me or to anybody else
from this or any other University / Institution. I also certify that I have not plagiarized the work from
anywhere and anyone, due referencing has been used wherever others results and work has been used. In
case of any false statement of above I will be responsible for the consequence.
Date:- Signature

Abhishek Yadav

(2107340400001)

3
 CERTIFICATE

It is to Certify that Abhishek Yadav (2107340400001) has carried out the work presented in this mini
project/ Internship entitled “TRANSIENT AND STEADY STATE ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR
AND TRIANGULAR FINS” for the award of 5th Semester (3rd year) Bachelor of Technology from Dr. A. P.
J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Under my supervision. He is allowed to present the work for
final submission.

Date:- Signature

Mr. Arun Kumar

Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering

4
 RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE , BANDA
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Table of Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate ii
Table of content iii
List of figure iv

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 9-10

1.1 Fin 9
1.2 Ansys 10
1.3 SolidWorks 10

Chapter 2: FIN DESIGN 10-

11
2.1 Fin dimension
11

Chapter 3: MATERIAL PROPERTY

12

Chapter 4: APPLYING BOUNDARY CONDITION 13-

16

Chapter 5: RESULT 16-

26
5.1 Temperature distribution in fin model
21
5.2 Heat flux in fin model
24

Chapter 6: CONCLUSION 26

5
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Fin
A fin is a component of a machine or piece of equipment whose main function is to increase surface
area, typically between air and a heat-generating element like an engine, CPU, heat exchanger, etc.

It can have any cross section shape, including

 Round
 Rectangular
 annular (which is the most frequent)
 taper circular
Depending on the need and the available space.
According to the Newton's Law of Convection,
the amount of heat that may be transferred
depends directly on the area available for that
purpose (this is one important element among
many others). In order to reduce overall heat
transfer, the fin increases this heat transfer
characteristic.

If you are familiar with thermal resistance

diagrams for heat transfers, you may be aware
that the relationship between resistance and Figure 1 Fin on cylinder head [1]
available surface area is inverse. Heat transmission will be greater the lower the resistance.

Larger engine components typically remain

exposed to the atmosphere. When the cars are
moving, the air strikes the engine and sweeps
away its heat at a specific relative velocity.
Natural air-cooling is the term used to describe
the process of the air removing heat by natural
convection. Two-wheeler engines are primarily
cooled by ambient air. There is a need to increase
this area since the frontal cross-sectional area of
the engine determines how much heat is
dissipated. A larger engine will be heavier and
bulkier, which will lower its power to weight
ratio. As a result, fins are built as an alternate
configuration to increase the engine's frontal
Figure 2 Fin on PCB board [2]
cross-sectional area.

6
1.2 ANSYS
Software for engineering simulation is created and sold by Ansys for use throughout the entire product
life cycle. The strength, toughness, elasticity, temperature distribution, electromagnetism, fluid flow,
and other characteristics of computer-simulated models of structures, electronics, or machine
components are examined using Ansys Mechanical finite element analysis software.
Without creating test products or running crash tests, Ansys is used to determine how a product would
perform under various conditions. Ansys software, for instance, may model how a bridge will hold up
after years of usage, the most efficient way to can fish to minimise waste, or how to construct a slide
that uses less material without compromising safety. The Ansys Workbench system, one of the
company's primary products, is used for the majority of Ansys simulations. Users of Ansys typically
divide down bigger structures into smaller components that are each independently modelled and
evaluated. A user may first specify an object's dimensions before adding weight, pressure, temperature,
and other physical characteristics. The Ansys software also models and evaluates a variety of time-
dependent phenomena, including movement, wear and tear, fractures, fluid flow, temperature
distribution, electromagnetic efficiency, and others.
Ansys also creates software for academic research, education, and data management and backup.
Ansys software is available through annual subscriptions.

1.3 SolidWorks
In order to do analysis on any mechanical part of object it must have be generated in some software, so
for this project solidworks is used.
In SolidWorks, creating a model often begins with a 2D drawing (although 3D sketches are available
for power users). Geometry elements including points, lines, arcs, conics (apart from the hyperbola),
and splines are present in the sketch. To specify the size and placement of the geometry, dimensions
are added to the sketch. Attributes like tangency, parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity are
defined through relations. Because SolidWorks is parametric, the measurements and relationships
determine the geometry rather than the other way around. The drawing's dimensions can be managed
independently or in connection to other characteristics that are either inside or outside the sketch.

2. FIN TYPES
These four types of fins are used they are listed below-
 Rectangular fin.
 Triangular fin.
 Pin fin with slot in it.
 Annular fin.
Rectangular fin
A rectangular fin is a heat transfer device with a rectangular cross-section attached to the surface of a
solid body. It is commonly used in various engineering applications to enhance heat dissipation by
increasing the surface area exposed to the surrounding fluid or air. Rectangular fins are characterized
by their straight and parallel sides, providing uniform heat transfer along the length of the fin. They are
relatively simple to manufacture and are suitable for applications where space constraints are not a
major concern.
Triangular fin
A triangular fin is a heat transfer device with a triangular cross-section attached to the surface of a
solid body. Similar to rectangular fins, triangular fins are utilized to improve heat dissipation by
7
increasing the surface area available for heat transfer. Triangular fins feature a triangular shape with
sloping sides, which can provide efficient heat transfer while minimizing material usage. These fins
are often used in applications where space is limited or where aerodynamic considerations are
important, such as in cooling systems for electronics or in automotive heat exchangers.
Pin fin with slot in it
A pin fin with a slot is a type of heat transfer device consisting of a cylindrical pin or rod with a
longitudinal slot along its length. This design enhances heat transfer by increasing the surface area
available for heat dissipation while maintaining structural integrity. The slot allows for improved
airflow and heat dispersion, making it suitable for applications where efficient cooling is essential,
such as in electronic devices, heat sinks, and cooling systems for machinery.
Annular fin
An annular fin is a heat transfer device characterized by its ring-shaped or annular geometry. It
consists of a hollow circular or cylindrical structure attached to a solid surface, typically used to
dissipate heat in applications where space is limited. Annular fins provide increased surface area for
heat transfer compared to traditional straight fins, allowing for enhanced cooling efficiency. They are
commonly employed in heat exchangers, refrigeration systems, and electronic cooling applications to
improve thermal performance and optimize space utilization.

8
Pin Fin with slot in it

Annular fin

Rectangular fin

9
Mess Triangular fin

Trianglar fin

10
2.0 Units

Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Celsius

Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Temperature Celsius

2.1 Fin Dimension

Object Name Geometry

State Fully Defined
Definition
Source C:\Users\abhis\OneDrive\Desktop\123_files\dp0\SYS\DM\SYS.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box

Length X 8.e-002 m
Length Y 6.e-002 m
Length Z 6.e-002 m
Properties
Volume 1.68e-004 m³
Mass 1.512 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 1
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 101801
Elements 21000
Mesh Metric None
Basic Geometry Options
Parameters Yes
Parameter Key DS
Attributes No
Named Selections No
Material Properties No
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems No
Reader Mode Saves Updated File No
11
 Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update No
Compare Parts On Update No
Attach File Via Temp File Yes
Temporary Directory C:\Users\abhis\AppData\Local\Temp
Analysis Type 3-D
Decompose Disjoint Geometry Yes
Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes

3. MATERIAL PROPERTY
Thermal analysis of Fins performed by using kind of the Fins material which are listed below –
 Aluminum
 Copper
 Brass
Material property which are considered in thin project for each metal are listed below –

Parameters Units Aluminum

Density (Kg/m^3 ) 2700
Young’s Modulus (MPa) 6900
Coefficient of thermal expansion (1/K) 23
Poisson’s Ratio - 0.33
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) 110
Thermal conductivity (W/m/℃) 200
Material property of Aluminum

Parameters Units Copper

Density (Kg/m^3 ) 8960
Young’s Modulus (MPa) 110000
Coefficient of thermal expansion (1/K) 16.4
Poisson’s Ratio - 0.34
Thermal conductivity (W/m/℃) 386
Material property of Copper
12
 Parameters Units Brass
Density (Kg/m^3 ) 8730
Young’s Modulus (MPa) 100000
Coefficient of thermal expansion (1/K) 18.5
Poisson’s Ratio - 0.31
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) 250
Thermal conductivity (W/m/℃) 114
Material property of Brass

4. APPLYING BOUNDARY CONDITION

Figure represents the applied boundary conditions on Fins Model has base temperature of 200 ℃, and
convection conditions 27℃ ambient temperature while convection on the top surface of the Fins has
been applied, the value of film coefficient is taken as 5 W/m^2℃. Figure shows the applied
boundary conditions of Fins Model.

13
14
 5.RESULT
The Fins model under investigation is partitioned into a mesh of few measured basic frame
components. Basic polynomial profile capacity and nodal temperature are supposed to be used to
compute the displacement difference within each segment. As far as the hazy nodal temperature,
conditions are established for the strains and stresses. The balance conditions are gathered from this
in an easily customizable grid structure. Figures illustrate the temperature fluctuation across multiple
Fins models under steady state settings and the boundary conditions that were used. highest
temperature at the top.
Two types of test is performed on each of the fin, and same test is also performed with different
material in this analysis, the test are –
 Transient State
 Temperature
 Convection
 Total Heat Flux
 Steady State
 Temperature
 Convection
 Total Heat Flux
These results as part of thermal analysis are obtained. Figures depict the simulation study of Fins
models done in Ansys.

15
16
5.1 Steady State Thermal

Object Name Temperature Convection

State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face 21 Faces
Definition
Type Temperature Convection
Magnitude 80. °C (ramped)
Suppressed No
Film Coefficient 38. W/m²·°C (ramped)
Ambient Temperature 20. °C (ramped)
Convection Matrix Program Controlled

5.2 Steady State Thermal( Solution)

17
Object Name Temperature Temperature path

18
 State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection Path
Geometry All Bodies
Path Path
Definition
Type Temperature
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time
Yes
History
Identifier
Suppressed No
Results
Minimum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum 80. °C
Minimum Value Over Time
Minimum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum Value Over Time
Minimum 80. °C
Maximum 80. °C
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 1
Graph Controls
X-Axis S
Object Name Temperature Temperature path
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection Path
Geometry All Bodies
Path Path
Definition
Type Temperature
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time
Yes
History
Identifier
Suppressed No
Results
Minimum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum 80. °C
Minimum Value Over Time
Minimum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum Value Over Time
Minimum 80. °C
19
 Maximum 80. °C
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 1
Graph Controls
X-Axis S

5.3 Transient Thermal

Object Name Temperature Convection

State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face 21 Faces
Definition
Type Temperature Convection
Magnitude 80. °C (step applied)
Suppressed No
Film Coefficient 38. W/m²·°C (step applied)
Ambient Temperature 20. °C (step applied)
Convection Matrix Program Controlled

5.4 Transient Thermal(Solution)

Object Name Temperature Temperature path
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection Path
Geometry All Bodies
Path Path
Definition
Type Temperature
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Results
Minimum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum 80. °C
Minimum Value Over Time

20
 Minimum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum 77.086 °C 77.311 °C
Maximum Value Over Time
Minimum 80. °C
Maximum 80. °C
Information
Time 120. s
Load Step 120
Substep 15
Iteration Number 1804
Graph Controls
X-Axis S

Copper metal

Geometry Base Max Min Temperature

temperature
Temperature Temperature Drop
(℃)
(℃) (℃) (℃)
Rectangular fin 80 80 77.311 2.689
Triangular fin 220 220 27.91 192.09

5.2 Results and Conclusions

21
22
23
24
25
5. CONCLUSION
 Varying the Length of fin
 Heat flow from triangular fin is increased by 33.14% compared to
rectangular fin of 25.97%
 Rate of heat flow per unit mass of rectangular fin is decreased by 46%
compared to triangular fin of 42.9%
 Efficiency of triangular fin is decreased by 41.89% compared to
rectangular fin of 45.8%,
 Effectiveness of triangular fin is increased by 33.14% compared to
rectangular fin of 25.8%

 Varying the Temperature of fin

 Heat flow of triangular fin is increased by 87.9% compared to
rectangular fin of 87.14%
 Rate of heat flow per unit mass of triangular fin is increased by
86.78% compared to rectangular fin of 87.14%
 Efficiency of triangular fin is decreased by 24.52% compared to
rectangular fin of 22.72%
 Effectiveness of triangular fin is decreased by 23.45% compared to
rectangular fin of 22.6%.

From the above, it can be concluded that triangular fin are preferred when maximum material of fin is
to be utilised for best heat dissipation.

26
6. REFRENCES
[1] https://www.ijettjournal.org/volume-19/number-5/IJETT-V19P249.pdf
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352152X21012263
[3]https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277579342_Heat_Transfer_Analysis_on_a_Triangular_
Fin
[4] http://www.ijirset.com/upload/2015/december/157_41_Enhancement.pdf
[5] http://ijarse.com/images/fullpdf/1501396409_IETEPune2093ijarse.pdf
[6] https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i9/IRJET-V7I9601.pdf
[7] https://chat.openai.com/c/89d8d5ac-84d2-403e-a6db-f3723195d31d
[8] www.google.com

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