Title 2×4=8 marks

ORGANISMS AND POPULATION

= Faustian

4×8--35
 Atom
*
↓
Easter a compounds
A
blue both Macromolecules

⑰aboti ll
ME Organ
Tissues

&A
sureux organ system
here

on esta
or
Comunity
Multi
-
 1. 6 Variation,
-

Temp. forest
=>
·--------------- 2. LeastRainfall->
receives more 0(equators
- desert

las i
>

rainfall as 3: Max Rainfall

compare to Ipical

i
coniferous -raise Amazon
forest
fowest
40 mari!
=

Grassland
=>

-
-
is a

chave
place
al organism
Livel
 de uiduous
~forest
-

a -

D - desert
--

S. Seacoasi

j-Tropecial
forest

SDs

Meghalaya
 -she
- -

re

inactive
->

merase
-

-
-
-

Q: d

The
- -

e
-

- - P
-

a
-
-

--
temperature : -

_
↑↑ →
Enigma
-
denature -

non-functional
↓↓↓ inactivate functional
Enzyme
→
-
- -

non -

Optimum → Max -

Enzyme
→
prodded ?
Homeotherm/ warm
-

Blooded / Endotherm ! -
4C heart →

Axes I mammals →
Able to maintain constant

body temp irrespective of surrounding .

Poikilotherm / Cold
-

s
Blooded/ Ectotherm s
Invertebrates
-

: -

Fishes , Reptiles Amphibians → Not able to

maintain
,

instant
body temp .

T.me#a1 ! - wide
range of Temperature .

Eg : -

Endotherm s -

stemma :
-

narrow
Tange of Temperature
-

Eg :
Ectoderm
-
Plants →
④ →

-Kmp-Ñ ↑⑨↳ KRANE ANATOMY

-

"

High Ptpcase .

RuBisco
-

Archaean'a : -

Hot
springs →
thermophiles
 emp wide --

C
-

range

homemala
-

Eurythermal Imp
sin
-

narrow
range
Tamp4 of Temp.
Mols collision.

nee

- -

e5 inland -

- - -

30-35 sea - - -
-

hyperline
- - - -

>100
-

--

-
 WATER Cell to -90% water
com aBz
o
-

:-,
-

✓
Earth -

71% water ↑ Rotc

✓ Saline → Fw Cather
Inland Wala -

< g-
cirohina
~ Saline Matu -

30-35
-

Poomphalt
Mackerels thfpersahne-nocw-sag-oor.si
Herrings

-
Faire Stenohaline
_
→ wide
range of salinity -

Narrow
range of
Eg : -

Salmon
-
Salinity .

Pwlt→ water →
Transpiration ↑
I →
FP Guard cells stomata
-

→
open → Gas ↑
✗
y¥m
 I
o
proiodism PAR=

Breeding
- -

- - -
-

-
- - - -

- -

-
-

-
- --

- - - -

- - -
-

- -

-
-

- - = -
-

e - -

- - -
② LIGHT
-
: -

plants →
Quantity &
Quality
a
'
'
→ 400 -70ohm
photosynthesis
→

R
Photosynthetic
'
-

Blue Red active Radiation

-

Duration
of light →
Photoperiod (flowering )
-
m

Long
-
?day]hon--day-
-
Neutral
☆
-

day
Animals
-
→
Breeding
-
season
-

Summers -

→ Rainy -

→ winter -
 Algae-pigment-dondition.
->

⑧ -

-
~particle
Size 4-
- Asy
-

- -
wath
holding
capacity d
holding t
000-Airsat ~particle sized-
0000 1 Airyt less any
000 -
Wh
... - water holding
KA
 = - -

- - - -
-

>
↑

- -

-
 SN Paral Regulator
Conformers
-
Regulators
*
Unable
to - Maintain
-

maintain constant
-

constant Homeostasis
-

Homeostasis
-
•
Responses
-
8
Osmo
a) Re regulators
gul-atf-TFatoos.PK
R

Constant ↓
body constant
fluid osmolarity body
temperature
Maintain
Eg Aves &
.

: -

Mammals .

2) Amen ! -
Not able to maintain constant

body fluids osmolarity and

body temp .

All Plants + Invertebrates + Fishes +

Amphibians
+ Reptiles .

NEM " -5
→

Regulation
-
Energy Expensive
process ?
 - -

- -

-
-

name-
Energy -

Expensive
E
-

-
Shivel
-
. . .

- srat -
-

-
=>

- -

-
- -
-

- -
-
summer destivation - -

sleep - - - - -

winth. Hibernation -
- 2) bbel
-

sleep
- -
-

- - - -
moti chandi
W

ParRegion
↓ - -
- -
fat
sarf ALLENS- - - -

-- -

Limbs RULE
- -

d
- - -
-

surface
- - -

area t
-

5
d - -
-
⑳

- - > -

Heat loss de
-
- -

= -

-
 n

- -

-- - -

Hane

~A
- - -
- - -

- - - -

-
-

-
-

- Hormone
-
- - -

- - -

- -

- -

-
 Kangaroo Rat
-

-not of
length 4
-
Cone, usine
~
mitochondra -

B-oxidation ofEar
↓

tabolic
-

Desert Plants -
-

-
Stomata deep pits
-
-

-Mick cuticle
- - -

Leaves
~ -

spines
--

hytic
f
CAM
-
stem-phylloclade
A stem
--
--

-
 ---

- - -

dipOr!
=

0
-Myxia
suchen
-

->

M
perremilation
-
RBBC
-

E
 = >

Extreme
Conditions

--

singleies
->

- -
- -

- -
-
 -

- e n

- -

-
- Bisth Rate
-
-

-Rosehe
u -
- -

-
-

ratio - - - - -

Sex
I
Nooft-mals
he
- - -
-

one 8
-
- => -

- -

-> -

-
-
1
=

=
-

10
- -

->
 -

1 shaped myini
Pyramidal such
mom
-
-

Rep & Post ↳PRER) Post Rep8Poss

- -

- -
--

-
- -
 -
- -

-
-

-
-
-

-
-

-
 -4
⑱ ->
-

-
I A

I
=>

2
0080
↑
-
- -
-

- - - -

-
 - - -

&
-

-- -

-
-

-
--

D
- -

- - -

- -
- - -

-
-

-
 -Maximuning
e

capacity
-

2 -

Rapid
multiplication
-

-> small animal

growthananima
⑰Constantnahof ele-small unicole
->
see
 -
o

Sf

Semalpaoonsg
=
Etesopasons
_
✓ ✓
Population
e
Interaction
nee
11:30s.C
-

45 MT
=>>

-> We Alone
can
spees at
->

↓ ↓ ↓

Benefit Detrimental
=
Neutral
>

Types
---

species A species B Interaction

- nee

# # Mutualism

I I Photocooperation.
# ⑧ Commensalism
= =

Competition.
I -

Predation
I =>
Parasitism.
=>
- ⑧ Ammensalism.
 pollination
(Compulsion)
↓⑭bigation
⑰ -

ert
-

6
-

species -

benefit ator
-

Nectar!
Lichen
chica
⑫g+as
=

-- - Association
->

fungus ->
absorption of fungus
Breannganobacteric
# of nutrients pollination
-

Higher plant Roots ->

food
--

patsynthesis
-
(us) Stetter

footEnergy
Eg:
id
-

Appearence th
yusy off
-

3
pilization -
pseudocopulation
I
Sexual deit
⑧
B
Photo-cooperation: Negation
-

nee

Eg: Red Billed ox-pecker (Bird)

=

A A ->
Rhincevos back. L
givegrangein
⑧
mensalism: ⑪ ⑧

I
Commensal Host

fish-danger-avoidsaAmon->protection
-

~ Clown

O
Orchids (Spiphyty) growing on
mango plant.

Est
e
⑭get(Bird)-ee
Barnacles the back of whale
A
-
grow on
⑪ Competition:
were
-

⑳ ⑳
blu same species -> Intra specific -X
⑤
&
among diff species
->
Inth specific. Eaton.
Resources!
nee

two fore
.
Exclusion -

Ganse Arthur Corexistence

nee ne

=> Two closely related species Time of

foraging
->

exist!
cannot -> Resource
partitioning
Eg: N Goat (Browsers),
=>

E !- fix
species of
Abingdon Tortoise (Galapagos, slaw ①
Wbles!
② Patum & Pauvelia
& In
species of
--

A A

. finches
Darwin
eliminati Exponential
growth on
Galapagos!
③ Scotland Beaches
-

1-
Balanus Cathamanthus
-

eliminate
grow
RATION:
② -
⑰ ⑦
A Predator
--- y
it is imp?
Why
·
Transfer ofEnergy across Trophic level.
· Chucks on
Prey Pop".
Amavican Pacific
·
Maintains
species diversity? -
Coast.
A
10 species fish (Pisaster).
&
->

"Mertebrates
-

I of
S
A
extinct
- Remove.
competition
=

Some facts !- Pant Predator

-

!-
Prey:--Mimicry
Camouflage
->

chemical
Plants !-
Acacia 25% insect
-

phytophagus.
calatopis Chembl1
-

spires z
-
 Ritism ⑰ ⑦
⑰ Parasite Host

-
- -

Erasiti Endoparasit
=

es Leech
*
Janic
* Lice. -
Ascar's
-

- Ticks. -
much, revia
- -

-God patism! -
Cuckoo
-
+ Gow
-

⑧ Ansalism - ⑦ 0
Peillium
- pencillin
- >

Kill bacteria
-
 :-&
parts
"
¥8
-
 +
+