POLLINATION

I
Transfer of Pollen grain from Anther to the stigma

1-
Autogamy ,
✓
Geitonogamy Xenogamy .

→ self Polin [Allogamy

✓ ecologically -
cross

t-ec-ospolpy.gg?E& Genetically self

-

@°+

MY
5388 flower
g→fl0WBisexual Pv_niEI¥
d-
p.cn

thy
.

DEKE
flower
MCD
☒

ryant -
All flowers
p I
-

-
same
plant tnt on same FI
-

Genetically
-

same flower plants are

dissimilar plants
genetically similar
.

Di_eci_s .

* Monoecious

IÉsP1an_ts÷:
Eg coconut Castor .
Cucurbits maize .

> ,

flower -
Unisexual
8 flower
Migos * but both male &

Female flower + nton

same plant

f3@sCf lower.Dio_ecioU5Plant5_i_e.g .

Papaya ,
Date Palm .

My 8flowerstfl-wers.GG
Be on
Male Plant female Plant
.
C-ontrian-esf-ors-e-rre-rtiizatio-i.to
-

onocliny or Bisexuality →

Eg . Pea
→ 8→ stamen → $
/
-

E-
Ifl cower
↳ → carpet → A
-

O
2 Maturation of
, t-Eogc-my.io both androecium &

Gynoecium at the same time .

1. e. there should be in release of

synchrony
pollen &
stigma maturation .

Viola oxalis commedia

3.CL#TOGAmy-:e.-g .

ok
, ,

flower
¥y ftp.on-chasmogamous

%Ee-a-ce.tt
↳ Aerial , open

¥-1508 sriower .

)•
=
Underground
-

flower
-

-
never open
-
+ nt in the form
Disadvantage of bud .

Bisexual y
variation
-

no
-

Pollinating agents not

required
-

Inbreeding pressing
self
Pollinating
Assured

seedset-IB-dpollina-tion-e.gwwheaterice.io
-
 FOR CROSS POLLINATION
.

CONTRIVANCES

0-ut-BR-EEDGD.EU/-E5
.

*
Prevents self POIPR Promotes cross POIP '

1- unisexual
U-niex-aitylDI-iny.se fern of
-
flower .

P-apaye.D-atepa-mmo-neiusp-nt-sdeg.int
e-g-

on same plant
butntgeitnogamy
-

prevent autogamy .

Castor maize cucurbit

Eg
.
.

, ,

Dioecious 1- → G &
Q + nt on two different plants .

well
-
Prevents autogamy as as
geitonogamy .

2. Dichogamy
✓
-
stamens and carpets dont mature
at time

pr-otndry-P-GY-ny.JP
same .

Anthers PG ✓ ✗
:p
art → stamen :-.
.

I
§ flower
✓
stigma ✗
Part → carpet →

☒ Eg Salvia
Ficus sp
0 (fig aint)
,

sunflower

capsellq Aristolochia .

I Ct_A_GAMY=AHEB -

opening of flower bud

.

g- To >
 Linum Primula
-4 .

H-eter-sty-y.E.gr .

long style
short style

q*•bs~
%•
↳
r
±#¥
.

SELF INCOMPATIBILITY
§ SELF STERILITY
-

=
-
-
-

Ig tobacco
.

g- T
\ germy

¥¥É÷÷ ¥¥
"

:*
"

•
÷

qq.FI
⑥ Lou
,

C-
:

¥§⇐÷±-→- ☒
☒ ☒
Aat B÷nt flower of flower of
A- Plant B- Plant

* Pollen canlnt
germinate stigma of its own plant
.

E-
t-erkgam-Y-H-erk-s-B-rrier.rs
Morphological barriers are formed in b) W
of flower
Anther &
stigma some .

E-8- Calotropis ,
Glorioso .
 fAT10NL
ABIOTIC
1310¥10
±
BY ANIMALS
BY WIND BY WATER
I
It
ANEMOPHILY HYDROPHILY ¥00Pt"
→_Entomophi1y→ By Insect
*
Bees Wasps
, ,
Bettes ants, ,

Butterflies etc .

→ Ornithophily -

→ sun -
bird
Birds /
✓

By
↳ Hummingbird .

→ Chirepterophily By - Bats .

→
Myrmecophi.ly -

By Ants &

Termites

→ Malaco phily -

By snail .

→
Ophiophily -

By snakes .

Animals > wind > water -

colorblind for Red color .

fav color Yellow

✓
- -

* Maim poll?
T
by Insects [ Mainly By Bees
]
* & Also by large Animals
±
some primates [ lemur] arboreal [ tree dwelling]
-

rodents Reptiles ( gecko lizard garden

& lizard]
,

snakes

lemur in Ravenel a planter lizards in flax

 AHEM OPHILY -
wind Pollination -

→ colorless

Anemophilous flower
# Nectar less

↳ Odour less
↳ small
into Inflorescence
flowers packed
.

any small

in
+ rice of single OIUIE eaten ovary .

Pollen grains -
small , light
=
dry ( non sticky)
-

huge quantity
.

Pints -

winged Potters grain → I

↳sulphur stronger
stigma Large hairy
f-
-

, ,

%¥#☒☒
feathery sticky ,
.

o¥ff
*
* ¥
← stamens → well
exposed

I
usyone☒

¥ ÷ ÷É÷É ¥*←
""

}y÷F¥¥rms
+

stigmas
☐ man
Poaceae / Grass family
corncob
coconut BAMBI ,

wheat
sugarcane
,

Elaine inflorescence Rice ,

maize -
sorghum .
HYDR0PH → water pollination .

+ Rare
limited to 3-0 of Monocot -
-

genera
→ colorless

Hydrophilous flower ↳ Odour less

-

- -
- -

↳ Nectar less

Pollen grains Mucilage nous

.

submerged Hydrophytes
freshwater plants → Wallis neria
→ Epihydrophily
Hydrilla Hypohydrophily
}
→ .

→
zostera →
Marine water plants →
C. sea
grass]

Insect Pollination
Waterlily
#
>
✓
&
wind Pollination
✓water Hyacinth

of 8
-9? -9?_?
-41
- - - -

- -
-
- - - - - - -
= -
- - -

Éi÷±¥:÷É÷
- -

* A -
-

É
= ti
-

= =
-
- - -

: :
i
- -

- -

- - - i
- -
-

I
,

i :
-
' i
=

←
:÷÷
Inflorescence
-

.
=
-

-
-

va-iis-neri-a.tn
Dioecious plaint
ENT-OMO-pt.li Insect Pollination
.

→
Usually large
✗
→
If small → Inflorescence]
colorful
n←tmo phis flower
\
(
-

Moth Pollinated]
[ If white
-

→ Good
→ Odour/
↳ Bad -_ foul →
By flies &
beetles
→ Nectar + nt

Pollen Kitt nt
Peter gratins Sticky
+
-

Dominant Biotic Agent

It ,

Bees
cruciferae
Eg mustard family
{ }
=

Brassicaceae

{composite }
sunflower
family
=
Asteraceae

cucumber onion lemon coriander

Eg ,
, , , apple ,

pear ,
Cotton ,
tobia , Salvia [ Labia tae] ,

Mustard ,
sunflower .

by carrion fly
Rafflesia
.

←(¥¥÷÷ma,, µµower☐•eqµa
by Insect
Bougainvillea →

| =¥←B_raI
Do
bract
↳ small leaf like

Str .
+ nt at the

→ white colored
-3840T¥ → Bract enlarged Yellow colored
↳ petal like .
# IVICA PLANT_ -

By Pronuba
yuccasela moth

G- moth ( Insect

life cycle of both depends

Pollen Ba "

µ
each other
upon
.

night flowering plant

Place]

:-
safe
eggs of Insect [

# floral Rews
1- Nectar .

in some
plants]
Pollen [
eatable
2- grain
"
→
☒
3. Provide safe place /
for
laying eggs }↳ A- morpho
phallus -
G feet
✓
flower
height

# Nectar / Pollen Robbers ÷

Insect which
-
consume
Pyotr hector
or

without
bringing about pollination
E-g of

B-ombusaffinis-d-eypol-D.RO
Queens

sa clematis ,
Magnolia
 ¥10T
fic-p-figcs-i-vtxg.gr
# -

P-ki-tphafaw-PQ-E..¥IE÷÷÷÷÷
-

By
Hypanthodium female
Inflorescence

* Trap door Mechanism

#
0R_¥DOPH_RY5 By colpa §
' -

wasp

Petal Mimicry
FE
→

→
¥copulation method
flower

Bird Pollination .

0RN1TtY→

largeinsize.fr
→
Usually
Brightly colored
→ odour usually absent

flower
ornithophilous / → nectar + nt / edible part
Bignonia Buteo
Eg
.

Callistemon Bomba ✗

/
,

¥É
Insect

Bot Fish Rosey Birds

 Ants & Termites
1WRMEC0Pt-

Eg Mango
litchi

CHIROPTFRO-PHILY-B.at#inatioD
in size ✓
→
large

Her
↳ Usually dull colored
→ Good -
✓

↳
-

Odour
↳
↳ Bad -

nectar + nt -

AdanSonia Kigelia
Eg ,

Anthocephalus
→ Bats
Banana
↳ Birds
tlaacophiy snail Pollination
-

Eg Lemma

Iph-ioph-l.ly -
snake
pollination
Eg Santalum (sandal]
KAI
 extra

* Aristolochia -

fly trap mechanism

* sa Turn pipe mechanism / lever mechanism

.

Protonotary condrint
in Salvia
→