Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I Structural Terminologies
1. Shear wall resist lateral force parallel to the face of the wall. What is best location of Shear Wall
inside a high-rise building?
2. A design in which the tension capacity of the tension steel is greater than the combined compression
capacity of the concrete and the compression steel. This design is more dangerous due to possibility
of abrupt collapse in the reinforced concrete structure.
3. Occupancies and structures necessary for surgery and emergency treatment areas.
a. Essential facilities
b. Hazardous facilities
c. Special occupancy
d. Standard occupancy
4. This consists of the weight of all materials and other fixed or permanent loads including temporary
and imposed loads, movable loads and occupants.
a. Dead Load
b. Live
c. Soil Pressure
d. Gravity Load
6. It is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical-resisting
elements, including the horizontal bracing systems.
a. Diaphragm
b. Slab
c. Dual System
d. Scaffolding
7. It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above.
a. Soft story
b. Weak story
c. Story drift
d. Story shear
8. It is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of the story above.
a. Soft story
b. Weak story
c. Story drift
d. Story shear
9. It is the secondary effect on shears, axial forces and moments of frame members due to the action of
the vertical induced by horizontal displacement of the structure resulting from various loading.
a. After shock
b. Lateral deflection
c. Camber
d. P-Delta Effect
10. It is an artificial stone derived from a mixture of properly proportioned amount of hydraulic cement,
fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water, with or without admixtures.
a. Reinforced concrete
b. Concrete
c. Precast concrete
d. Masonry
11. A material other than aggregate, water, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and
added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.
a. Inert materials
b. Accelerator
c. Waterproofing
d. Admixture
12. The art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick, or concrete block. It also refers
generally to construction of poured concrete, reinforced or unreinforced.
a. Masonry
b. Concreting
c. Building construction
d. Fabrication
15. The sharp bending or sharp buckling when a column is loaded heavily is called:
a. Sagging
b. Strengthening
c. Crippling
d. Elongation
17. In materials science, it (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to move
slowly or deform permanently under the influence of persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a
result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the
material. Associated with high temperature.
a. Crack
b. Rupture
c. Yield
d. Creep
19. A very common and important structural element, are constructed to provide flat, useful surfaces. It
is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or near so. The depth is
very small compared to its span.
a. Diaphragm
b. Slab
c. Mat footing
d. Footing
20. The stirrups resist the vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam. What is the other function of
stirrups?
a. Resist flexure
b. Hold longitudinal bars in place
c. Serve as temperature bars
d. Resist shrinkage
24. What do you call a column that is not aligned to a lower floor column?
a. Planted
b. Eccentric
c. Floating
d. Unaligned
25. It is a method of prestressing in which prestressing reinforcement is tensioned before concrete is cast.
a. Pre-Tensioning
b. Post Tensioning
c. Precast Concrete
d. Prestressed Concrete
26. It is a frame in which beams, slabs, columns, and joints resist forces predominantly shear, and axial
force; Beams or slabs are predominantly horizontal or nearly horizontal; Columns are predominantly
vertical or nearly vertical.
a. Chevron
b. Dual System
c. Moment Frame
d. Building Frame
27. The failure of a base when heavily loaded columns strike a hole through it is due to:
a. Flexural stress failure
b. Single shear failure
c. Punching Shear failure
d. Crippling
28. The shear stress at the surface of a reinforcing bar which prevents relative movement between the bar
and the surrounding concrete. It is also defined as the force adhesion per unit area of contact between
two bonded surfaces is:
a. Bond stress
b. Axial stress
c. Hydrostatic Pressure
d. Adhesive stress
29. It is a reinforcement used in beams to resist shear and torsion stresses in a structural member;
typically, deformed bars, deformed wires, or welded wire reinforcement either single leg or bent into
L, U or rectangular shapes and located perpendicular to or at an angle to longitudinal reinforcement.
For tied columns it is called "tie”.
a. Stirrup
b. Tie
c. Development length
d. Crosstie
30. What is the temporary force exerted by a device that introduce tension into a pre-stressing tendons?
a. Jacking force
b. Pre-stressing force
c. Tensile force
d. Driving force
31. It is a concrete used for structural purposes, including plain and reinforced concrete.
a. Masonry
b. Reinforced concrete
c. Concrete
d. Structural concrete
32. In geotechnical engineering, it is defined as the vertical movement of the ground, generally caused be
changes in stresses within the earth. ... and is most likely to occur when increased vertical stresses are
applied to the ground on or above soft or loose soil strata.
a. Settlement
b. Creep
c. Compaction
d. Densification
35. This has the effect of delaying the onset of hardening and reducing the rate of hydration process in
concrete:
a. Additives
b. Accelerator
c. Air entraining agent
d. Retarder
36. Inert materials in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the volume of the hardened concrete:
a. Crushed Rocks
b. Sand
c. Gravel
d. Aggregates
38. It is a formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened plane and regulate
the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure.
a. Contraction Joint
b. Construction Joint
c. Seismic Gap
d. Cold Joint
39. It is the length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at
a critical section.
a. Development length
b. Dowel
c. Hook
d. Splice
40. It is a method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened.
a. Pre-Stressed Concrete
b. Pre-Tensioning
c. Post Tensioning
d. Precast Concrete
42. Working stress refers to the actual stress developed in a material under a given load; while the
maximum safe stress that a material can withstand is referred to:
a. Tensile stress
b. Total stress
c. Flexural stress
d. Allowable stress
43. It is the stress induced as a result of restrained deformations due to change in temperature:
a. Thermal stress
b. Strain
c. Creep
d. Yield stress
45. A point within a beam or column where no moment is developed and a point of a curve at which a
change in the direction of curvature occurs, is called:
a. Midpoint
b. Inflection Point
c. Point of Zero Shear
d. Middle third
46. A long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding from the bodies of water.
a. Retaining wall
b. Dam
c. Dike
d. Gabion wall
47. It is a form of bracing where a pair of braces located either above or below a beam terminates at a
single point within the clear beam span, is called:
a. Chevron
b. Diaphragm
c. Bracing system
d. Diagonal bracing
48. It is an upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral
dimension not exceeding of 3:
a. Pedestal
b. Column
c. Pier
d. Pile
49. It is a separation of an existing concrete slab from a new concrete slab or wall. A piece of
expansion joint (usually ½” wide and made of cork or recycled fiber material) is placed against the
existing concrete slab and when the new concrete slab is poured. This joint separates the two slabs.
a. Isolation joint
b. Construction joint
c. Seismic gap
d. Distance
50. It is used to fasten together components of a built-up member, such as a plate girder, and to make
connections between steel members using fusion in a controlled atmosphere and requires more
skilled
labor.
a. Bolting
b. Nailing
c. Splicing
d. Welding
52. The minimum bend diameter for 10-mm through 25-mm-Ø deformed bars is:
a. 6db
b. 8db
c. 10db
d. 12db
56. For One Way Slab, the ratio of Width to Length, m, is:
a. m < 0.5
b. m = 0.5
c. m > 0.5
d. m = 1.0
57. For Two Way Slab, the Ratio of Width to Length, m, is:
a. m ≤ 0.5
b. m = 0.5
c. m ≥ 0.5
d. m = 1.0
60. ASTM steel with yield stress of 36000 psi has a symbol of:
a. A36
b. A360
c. A48
d. A36000
61. The thickness of one-way slab should never be less than:
a. 50mm
b. 75mm
c. 90mm
d. 100mm
62. Slabs not exposed to weather and not in contact with the ground must have a minimum clear cover of:
a. 50mm
b. 40mm
c. 25mm
d. 20mm
63. The Coarse Aggregates in concrete must be larger than but not to exceed nominal size prescribed in
Section 403.4.2 of NSCP:
a. 3/16≤ size ≤ 1 inch
b. ¼ inch
c. 1inch
d. 2 inches
64. The strength of concrete at 28th day is 3000 psi. This value is the same as:
a. 17.5 MPa
b. 21 MPa
c. 20.67 MPa
d. 25.75 MPa.
65. Grade 60 Steel-Reinforcement has a yield stress of 275.8 MPa. This stress is the same as:
a. 60 ksi
b. 20 ksi
c. 60 MPa
d. 60,000 MPa
70. Lap splices for uncoated deformed bar or wire must not be less than the larger of 48d b and___.
a. 100mm
b. 150mm
c. 200mm
d. 300 mm
72. The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be d b but not less than ___:
a. 40mm
b. 50mm
c. 25mm
d. 100mm
74. A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed load of w (N/m)
throughout the span, has a maximum moment of:
a. 1/8 w L2
b. ½ wL
c. ½ w L2
d. w L2
75. Minimum length of Class A lap for tension Lap Splices shall be ___, but not less than 300 mm:
a. ld
b. 1.5 ld
c. 2 ld
d. 3 ld
76. Type of welding used to fuse metal studs or similar parts to other steel parts by the heat of an electric
arc. At the end of the welded part the stud is equipped with a ceramic ferrule, which contains flux
which also partly shields the weld when molten.
a. Electrogas welding
b. Stud welding
c. Electroslag welding
d. Submerged arc welding
77. Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete on beams if pouring cannot be done in one setting?
a. At L/2
b. At L/3
c. At the shear point
d. At the zero moment
78. What do you call 2 or more materials that are combined together?
a. Laminated
b. Reinforced
c. Composite
d. Combination
80. Web reinforcements that resist vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam and hold the main rebars in
place.
a. ties
b. spirals
c. stirrups
d. temperature bars
82. Distance measured from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, is:
a. eminent depth
b. effective depth
c. critical depth
d. nominal depth
83. Loop of reinforcing bars or wires enclosing longitudinal reinforcement in tied columns.
a. stirrups
b. hoops
c. ties
d. spirals
84. Element, usually vertical, used to enclose or separate spaces and also at times, serve as structural
member.
a. wall
b. slab
c. column
d. rebar
85. The Occupancy Importance Factor, Ip, is 1.0 except for the Hazardous Facilities and Essential
Facilities, which is:
a. 1.0
b. 1.5
c. 2.0
d. 2.5
86. Inert material that is mixed with hydraulic cement and water to produce concrete.
a. admixture
b. slag
c. aggregate
d. escombro
87. In spirally reinforced concrete column, the clear spacing between spirals (pitch) shall not be larger
than 75mm and shall not be less than:
a. 100mm
b. 75mm
c. 50mm
d. 25mm
88. What is the method of introducing a jacking force in which tendons are tensioned after the concrete
has hardened enough to sustain this temporary force?
a. Prestressing
b. Pre-tensioning
c. Post tensioning
d. Precasting
89. What is the weight in kilogram of a 1-meter long No.4 deformed bar?
a. 1.584
b. 1.255
c. 1.005
d. 0.888
91. This refers to the length of reinforcement or mechanical anchor or hook or combination thereof
beyond point of zero stress in reinforcement.
a. development length
b. reinforcement length
c. end anchorage
d. prestress length
92. It is a 3-second gust speed at 10 meters above the ground in Exposure C and associated with an
annual probability of 0.02 of being equaled or exceeded (50 year mean recurrence interval).
a. Basic Wind Speed
b. Annual wind speed
c. normal wind speed
d. critical wind speed
93. It is defined as displacement of one level relative to the level above or below it.
a. deflection
b. story displacement
c. story motion
d. story drift
94. Splices of deformed bars shall be staggered at least ____ and in such a manner as to develop at every
section at least twice the calculated tensile force at that section but not less than 140 MPa for total
area of reinforcement provided.
a. 500mm
b. 600mm
c. 700mm
d. 800mm
95. It is a continuous reinforcing bar having a seismic hook at one end and a hook of not less than 90
degrees with at least a six-diameter extension at the other end. The hook shall engage peripheral
longitudinal bars. The 90-degree hooks of two successive ties of this type, engaging longitudinal bars
shall be alternated end for end.
a. stirrup
b. crosstie
c. splice
d. anchorage
96. The minimum thickness required by Code for a solid Cantilevered Slab shall be the larger of 75mm
and:
a. length/10
b. length/20
c. length/24
d. length/ 28
97. It is a permanent roofed structure attached to and supported by the building and projecting over public
right-of-way.
a. Marquee
b. Mean roof
c. Canopy
d. Trusses
98. For non-prestressed concrete the minimum concrete cover for beams and columns not exposed to
weather and not in contact with the earth is:
a. 20mm
b. 25mm
c. 40mm
d. 50mm
99. The minimum tie or hoop diameter for bundled bars is:
a. 6mm
b. 10mm
c. 12mm
d. 16mm
100. For cast-in-place construction, size (diameter) of spirals shall not be less than ___ for 16mm
through 32mm longitudinal bars.
a. 10mm
b. 12mm
c. 16mm
d. 20mm
101. For Bars 28mm, 32mm & 36mm diameter, the minimum bend shall not be less than:
a. 6db
b. 8db
c. 10db
d. 12db
Figure 1
GL
B
A
5m
Figure 2
107. How many main reinforcing bars are used in C-1 in Figure 2?
a. 4-16mmØ
b. 4-20mmØ
c. 4
d. 5
108. How many main reinforcing bars are used in C-2 in Figure 2?
a. 6-16mmØ
b. 6-20mmØ
c. 6
d. 7
109. How many main reinforcing bars are used in C-3 in Figure 2?
a. 8-16mmØ
b. 8-20mmØ
c. 8
d. 9
111. The minimum bars for tied columns per NSCP is:
a. 4-16mmØ
b. 4-20mmØ
c. 4
d. 5
4m 6m
S-2 S-5 2m
S-3 S-6
4m
118. The minimum thickness for S-1 shall not be less than 100mm and shall be at least___, whichever is
larger:
a. L/20
b. L/24
c. L/28
d. L/10
119. The minimum thickness for S-3 shall not be less than 100mm and shall be at least:
a. L/20
b. L/24
c. L/28
d. P/180
120. The minimum thickness for S-4 shall neither be less than L/24 mm nor shall be less than:
a. 90mm
b. 75mm
c. 100mm
d. 110mm
121. The minimum concrete cover for S-1 shall be at least ____ if not exposed to weather and not in
contact with the ground:
a. 50mm
b. 10mm
c. 20mm
d. 25mm
123. Per NSCP, the minimum diameter of reinforcements for S-6 both top and bottom bars, is:
a. 50mm
b. 10mm
c. 12mm
d. 25mm
F Figure 4
Y
A 6m B 8m C 6m D
3
4m
4m
1 X
A
B
C
144. The minimum concrete cover, C in Figure 6 if the beam is not exposed to weather and not in
contact with the earth shall be:
a. 25mm
b. 40mm
c. 50mm
d. 75mm
145. The minimum concrete cover, C in Figure 6 if the beam is in contact with the earth shall be:
a. 25mm
b. 40mm
c. 50mm
d. 75mm
146. If the main reinforcement in Figure 6 is bundled bars, the size of the stirrups/hoops shall be:
a. 20mmØ
b. 12mmØ
c. 16mmØ
d. 10 mmØ
148. If the beam in Figure 6 is simply supported carrying a uniformly distributed load w in N/m in a
span length of L in meters, the maximum deflection is:
a. δ = (5wL4) / (384EI)
b. δ = (WL4) / (48EI)
c. δ = (WL3) / (8EI)
d. δ = (WL2) / (4EI)
149. If the beam in Figure 6 is simply supported carrying a uniformly distributed load w in N/m in a
spam length of L in meters, the deflection at the support is:
a. minimum
b. 10mm
c. 50mm
d. zero
150. If the beam in Figure 6 is simply supported carrying a uniformly distributed load w in N/m in a
spam length of L in meters, the maximum deflection is at:
a. Supports
b. Midspan
c. L/3
d. L/4
153. The thickness of the gravel base in the combined footings in Figure 7 is:
a. 4 inches
b. 5 inches
c. 6 inches
d. 8 inches
156. Given the scale in the Plan Details in Figure 7, the depth of excavation for CF1 from FFL is:
a. 4000 mm
b.3000 mm
c. 2000 mm
d. 1000 mm
Reference Figure 8, which is an enlarged Plan & Section of Column Footing 1 (CF1), please answer
items 162-166. See Figure 8 next page.
162. How many bottom bars are there in the CF1 in the transverse direction?
a. 15-16 mm Ø, one way
b. 12-16 mm Ø
c. 30-16mm Ø both ways
d. 24-16 mm Ø
163. How many topmost bars are there in the CF1 in the transverse direction?
a. 15-16 mm Ø
b. 12-16 mm Ø
c. 30-16mm Ø
d. 24-16 mm Ø
164. The distance of Lower Ground FFL from the bottom of the footing is:
a. 1.65 m
b. 400 mm
c. 1.50 m
d. 800 mm
166. The Footing Tie Beam (FTB) should have a minimum concrete cover of:
a. 50 mm
b. 75 mm
c. 150 mm
d. 200 mm
Figure 8 – CF1 Plan & Section
Figure 9 – Truss (T2)
169. Each panel at the left portion of the line of strut in the truss in Figure 9 measures:
a. 4350 mm
b. 7500 mm
c. 1505.8 mm
d. 1087.5 mm
170. What is the size of the web members to the right of the strut in Figure 9?
a. 50 x 50 mm
b. 75 x 75 mm
c. 150 x 150 mm
d. 200 mm
172. The largest diameter of reinforcing bar used in the stair is:
a. 12mm Ø
b. 16mm Ø
c. 10mm Ø
d. 20mm Ø
173. The smallest diameter of main reinforcing bar used in the stair is:
a. 12mm Ø
b. 16mm Ø
c. 10mm Ø
d. 20mm Ø
174. The stair shown in Figure 10 specifies that the building is a ____ -storey building:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
177. The space between the column and the flooring that is filled with 12-mm thick Filler is called:
a. contraction joint
b. construction joint
c. void
d. isolation gap
178. The bottom bars of the mat footing has two layers. The lowest layer is made of what rebars?
a. 122-16 mm Ø
b. 120-16 mm Ø
c. 130-16mm Ø both ways
d. 240-12 mm Ø
179. The overall depth of the mat footing in Figure 11 is:
a. 500 mm
b. 600 mm
c. 300 mm
d. 240 mm
180. In Figure 11, how many columns are there that required mat footing?
a. 20
b. 16
c. 5
d. 6
182. The Footing Tie Beam (FTB) in Figure 11 has an overall depth of:
a. 500 mm
b. 550 mm
c. 600 mm
d. 450 mm
183. The space between the mat footing and the tie beam is called expansion joint or:
a. contraction joint
b. construction joint
c. void
d. isolation gap
187. The strut indicated in the truss T4 are connected to columns to minimize deflection. Strut is what
type of support?
a. vertical support
b. simple support
c. reaction
d. lateral support
189. Which is the correct size and shape of the middle web members in the truss T4?
a. L100x100x8.0mm
b. L50x50x6.0mm
c. L75x75x5.0mm
d. L90x90x8.0mm
191. Aside from struts connected to columns, the deflection of the truss T4 can also be minimized by
providing ____ to the truss:
a. camber
b. column at the midspan
c. beam at the midspan
d. tie rods
192. The recorded earthquake intensity depends on how far away from its center the observer is located.
Rating intensities from I to XII, it describes and rates earthquakes in terms of human reactions and
observations.
a. Earthquake Meter
b. Accelerograph
c. Rossi-Forrel Scale
d. Modified Mercalli Scale
193. It is a gradual change in strain under constant stress due to high temperature and/or repeated
pounding.
a. Creep
b. deformation
c. settlement
d. compression
194. This type is considered ______ if the framing assumes that the beam-column connections have
sufficient rigidity to hold virtually the original angles and positions.
a. Semi-Rigid Frame
b. Simple Frame
c. Braced Frame
d. Rigid Frame
196. In pin connected tension members, the pin diameter shall not be less than ____ times the eyebar
width.
a. 1.0
b. 3/4
c. ½
d. 7/8
197. These are used to fasten together components of built-up members using fusion in a controlled
atmosphere in a triangular fashion.
a. Fillet welding
b. bolting
c. connections
d. combination
198. It is the average of the roof eave height and the height to the highest point on the roof surface,
except that, for roof angles of less than or equal to 10°, the mean roof height shall be the roof eave.
a. Total Height
b. Mean Roof Height
c. Building Height
d. Height
201. It is flat, unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water for a distance of at least 2
kilometers. This exposure shall apply only to those buildings and other structures exposed to the
wind coming from the water.
a. Exposure A
b. Exposure B
c. Exposure C
d. Exposure D