Subject Title:

DISASTER
READINESS AND
RISK
REDUCTION
SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL
(STEM)
ERNAN C ENCARNADO, EMT – D
SDRRM Coordinator, HNHS
Subject Title: Disaster Readiness and Risk
Reduction
No. of Hours/Semester: 80 hours/semester
Subject Description:
This course focuses on the application of scientific
knowledge and the solution of practical problems in a
physical environment. It is designed to bridge the gap
between theoretical science and daily living.
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK
REDUCTION

ERNAN C ENCARNADO, EMT – D / SCAT

SDRRM Coord, HNHS/DISTRICT 4 DRRM Coord.
 SUBJECT CONTENT
❑ BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER AND DISASTER RISK
❑ EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY
❑ BASIC CONCEPT OF HAZARD
❑ EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
❑ VOLCANO HAZARDS
❑ OTHER RELATED GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS
❑ HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
❑ FIRE HAZARD
❑ CONCEPT OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR) AND DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT ( DRRM)
❑ WHAT EXPECT BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE CITIZENS
EXPECTATIONS:
This module/lesson will let you grasp the idea of
what a disaster is. Specifically, you will be able to
accomplish the following:

❑DEFINE DISASTER ;
❑ EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY
❑ IDENTIFY FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO DISASTER; AND
❑ EXPLAIN WHEN A DISASTER MIGHT HAPPEN
 TELL ME SOMETHING!
EXAMINE THE PICTURES BELOW, LIST DOWN AS YOU CAN ABOUT WHAT
YOU KNOW IN THE BOX
Typhoon “Odette”
 INTRODUCTION

IN THIS LESSON, WE WILL DESCRIBE DISASTER

IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF HOW DISASTER WOULD
COME DUE TO SEVERAL FACTORS. THERE COULD
BE MANY DEFINITION OF DISASTER BASED ON
HOW WE ARE IN A PARTICULAR SITUATION.
WHATEVER PERSPECTIVE YOU ARE THINKING, FOR
SURE EVERYBODY DOESN’T WANT TO
EXPERIENCE A DISASTER
 INTRODUCTION
Way back in the year 1990, there was strong earthquake in Luzon. Later
in that year on June 15, 1991, Mount Pinatubo in Zambales erupted
violently. Moreover, typhoon “Ondoy” (Ketsana) swept across Manila in
the Philippines last September 29, 2009 , the super Typhoon Yolanda (
Haiyan) in 2013and recently, a pandemic caused by novel corona virus
hit the world in 2020. These are some events that had greatly affected
the lives of many living things.
Defining disaster sometimes takes careful thinking. People equate the
term disaster with the words such as accidents and calamities.

How about you? What is your idea about disaster?

 DEFINITION
WHAT IS DISASTER?
Any occurrence which..
• suddenly disrupts normal
patterns of life,
• Plunges people into
confusion and suffering
• exceeds the ability of the
affected society to cope
using only its own resources.
 WHAT IS DISASTER?
• Disaster - a serious disruption of the functioning of the
community or a society involving widespread human,
material , economic or environmental losses and impacts,
which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources
• Disaster usually results in urgent need for food, shelter,
clothing, medical attention and psychological support.
 WHAT IS HAZARD?

• Hazard – a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human

activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and
services, social and economic disruption, or environmental
damage.
 TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD?
Natural hazards can be classified into several broad
categories:
▪ Geological hazards,
▪Hydrological hazards,
▪Meteorological hazards, and
▪ Biological hazards.
▪Technological hazards
 GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS?
Situated as one of the world's most disaster-prone
countries, the Philippines routinely endures earthquakes,
tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and flooding.

HYDROLOGICAL HAZARDS?
or 'hydro-hazards', are defined as extreme events associated
with the occurrence, movement and distribution of water,
such as flooding and related events (e.g., landslides and
river scour and deposition) and droughts.
 METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS?

Meteorological events include things like fog,

rain, tornadoes, and hurricanes. They are all
caused by meteorological changes and shifts:
in the temperature, air pressure, and amount
of water vapor in the atmosphere.
 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS?
.Biological hazards - are organic substances that
present a threat to the health of people and other living
organisms, which include:
•viruses, such as Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Japanese
encephalitis.
•toxins from biological sources.
•spores.
•fungi.
•pathogenic micro-organisms.
•bio-active substances
 TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS?

Examples of technological hazards may

include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic
wastes, dam failures, transportation accidents, factory
explosions, fires, and chemical spills.

Technological hazards also may arise directly as a result of

the impacts of a natural hazard or man-made incident or
event.
 RISK FACTORS
UNDERLYING DISASTERS
• Climate Change
Climate change can increase disaster risk in a variety of
ways – by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards
events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing
exposure patterns.
• Environmental Degradation
It is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing
the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological
needs.
 RISK FACTORS
UNDERLYING DISASTERS
• Globalized Economic Development
It resulted in increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global
scale.
• Poverty and Inequality
Poverty is both a driver and consequence of disasters, and the processes
that further disaster risk related poverty are permeated with inequality.
• Poorly-planned and Managed Urban Development
• A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it,
new opportunities for resilient investment emerge.
• Weak Governance
Weak governance zones are investment environments in which public sector
actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in
protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
 WHAT IS THE BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER
AND DISASTER RISK?

• Disaster risk is expressed as the likelihood of loss

of life, injury or destruction and damage from a
disaster in a given period of time.

• Disaster risk is widely recognized as the

consequence of the interaction between a hazard
and the characteristics that make people and
places vulnerable and exposed.
 TYPES OF DISASTER
• NATURAL

• MAN MADE
 NATURAL MAN-MADE

FLOODS FIRE INCIDENTS

TYPHOONS AIR AND MARITIME ACCIDENTS

EL NINO / LA NINA RAPID POPULATION GROWTH

EARTHQUAKES POLLUTION

TSUNAMI INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

VOLCANIC ERUPTION REDTIDE / EPIDEMICS

LANDSLIDES OIL SPILL

TORNADOES INSURGENCY / TERRORISM