UTBK - Soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Set 01 Extended

Doc Name:002034 Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Version:202211180040
Set 01 Extended

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This text is for question number 1 to 4.

The idea of transforming our economies and societies must have equity or justice at its center as the transition from
the current unsustainable patterns of production and consumption to a more sustainable system is bound to have winners
and losers. Advocates of climate justice take a human rights approach to sharing the costs and benefits of adjusting to
climate change. By contrast, energy justice usually focuses on access to energy as a human right. And environmental
justice emphasizes the agency of people and seeks to involve them in environmental decision making.

All three approaches touch on the political economy of a transition to more sustainable economies and societies.
Any just transition will be a delicate balancing act. The concept of a just transition is not merely a technical process of
moving from a fossil fuel–based to a low-carbon system, it is a political process. The status quo is not only disrupting
planetary processes but also perpetuating inequalities. With this in mind, green innovation alone would not suffice to make
the transition happen in the first place or to ensure that it is just. A just transition would require creating political coalitions
among social and environmental movements, minority groups, labor unions, people employed in the energy sectors and
engaged local communities.

[1] In a way, the idea of a just transition gets to the core of sustainability. [2] The aspiration of a transition to a just
and sustainable human environment has been discussed since at least the mid-1980s. [3] Rather than a fixed state we are
aiming to reach, sustainability can be seen as a process of debate and inclusive deliberation. [4] This view of sustainability
as a process of exploring social, technological and environmental pathways recognizes that different stakeholders view
sustainability in different ways and have diverging narratives about what is or is not sustainable. [5] This implies the need
to identify, in each case, the actors, their framing of the situation and their emphasis. [6] This socially complex view of
sustainability also implies that governments are not the only policy agents and that there is an important role for citizen
engagement and mobilization, protest and coalition building.

Source: Human Development Report, 2020 (with modifications)

No. 1

What can we conclude from the text?

A. The most important point of a just transition is that all stakeholders involved agree that no matter what it takes,
there should be a shift from fossil-fuel based energy to cleaner, low-carbon alternatives.
B. Human needs must set the direction for a just transition to occur. Sustainability won’t be achieved if human rights,
the utmost priority, are not taken into the equation.
C. Just transition is essential to sustainability. A just transition revolves around the idea that not only environmental
concerns, but also social concerns, are relevant to sustainability.
D. Governments as the authorities should not be the only ones defining what a just transition is. Rather, every
stakeholder affected by environmental concerns should also help.
E. Transition to a low-carbon society can perpetuate inequality if we are not careful. Therefore, each of us should
fight to be heard in achieving environmental sustainability.

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 UTBK - Soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris
Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Set 01 Extended
Doc Name:002034 Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Version:202211180040
Set 01 Extended

No. 2

Which of the following questions cannot be answered by the text?

A. What is a just transition to sustainability?

B. What are the approaches to a more just transition?
C. Who are the agents involved in bringing about a just transition?
D. How should a just transition transpire?
E. How do different stakeholders view a just transition?

No. 3

According to the text, what might ‘inclusive deliberation’ mean?

A. a deliberate way to achieving sustainability

B. different views of what sustainability is
C. a discussion that includes different stakeholders
D. identification of sustainability actors
E. a transitional phase to achieve sustainability

No. 4

Which sentence does not belong in the last paragraph?

A. Sentence 1
B. Sentence 2
C. Sentence 3
D. Sentence 4
E. Sentence 5

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 UTBK - Soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris
Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Set 01 Extended
Doc Name:002034 Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Version:202211180040
Set 01 Extended

This text is for question number 5 to 10.

What makes a person happy? If people want to be happy— and few people proclaim their desire to be sad—should
they seek money and professional success? Many experts in fields such as sociology, psychology, and public policy are
attempting to answer this seemingly simple question. Surprisingly, many studies support the longstanding hypothesis that
money cannot buy happiness.

One of the chief obstacles to happiness is referred to as social comparison. When people compare themselves to
other people, they prefer to see themselves as in some way superior. In an experiment, social scientists asked whether
people would prefer earning $50,000 per year while their peers earned $25,000 per year, or whether they would prefer
earning $100,000 per year while their peers averaged $250,000 per year. Even though people would earn more in the
latter scenario, most chose the former as a consequence of their desire to see themselves as more successful than others.
Thus, a simple way to increase happiness is for people to reject the urge to compare themselves to others based on their
finances.

Another way to increase people’s sense of personal happiness is for them to be true to themselves and keep their
personal sense of integrity. While this advice may seem rather trite, people who respect and follow their authentic desires
generally report being happier than people who do not. When people limit their personal desires in order to obtain certain
goals, they may achieve greater financial success but actually end up unhappier.

Finally, sometimes people benefit from social rules that encourage them to improve their lives, even when these
laws cost more money. While few people enjoy paying taxes, some taxes make people happier because they improve the
overall quality of people’s lives. In their study of smoking and cigarette taxes, Gruber and Mullainathan (2006) conclude
that “taxes may affect the happiness of former smokers (by making it easier to resist the temptation to resume smoking) or
prospective smokers (by making it easier to never start smoking in the first place)”. This example demonstrates how a
society’s rules can lead to the general happiness of its populations, even through the apparently negative practice of
increased taxation.

Source: National Geographic (with modifications)

No. 5
What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage above?

A. To compare how happiness manifests differently in different people

B. To show that financial success doesn’t necessarily lead to happiness
C. To explain the most important things that cause happiness in people
D. To define and simplify the concept of happiness to the readers
E. To convince people that while financial success is important, it is not necessary

No. 6
What is the relationship between paragraph 1 and 2?

A. Paragraph 1 opens a topic while paragraph 2 shows the positive sides to the said topic.
B. Paragraph 1 explains a problem and then paragraph 2 gives the solution to the problem.
C. Paragraph 1 introduces a conclusion and then paragraph 2 gives an argument for the conclusion.
D. Paragraph 1 gives a definition of a concept while paragraph 2 gives further elaboration.
E. Paragraph 1 shows an effect of a certain phenomenon and paragraph 2 explains the cause of it.

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 UTBK - Soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris
Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Set 01 Extended
Doc Name:002034 Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Version:202211180040
Set 01 Extended

No. 7
The recommendation that people should have personal integrity and not betray themselves in order to be happy sounds ....
But people who do this are generally happier than those who do not.
Fill in the blank!

A. original
B. fantastic
C. insightful
D. cliched
E. atrocious

No. 8
What is the author trying to say through the last paragraph?

A. There are social rules that people are willing to bear even though they cost money if they compensate in a form of
better  life.
B. Social rules can be justified if they lead to the improvement of general happiness of the population.
C. Taxations are among the social rules that people tolerate in order to improve the quality of other people’s lives.
D. Cigarette taxes to smokers are proof that people actually approve of social rules that make their lives better.
E. Some people do enjoy paying taxes while others don’t, but both agree that taxes are necessary for everyone’s
good.

No. 9
“Rather than investing and withholding money to an extreme extent, it makes us happier to once in a while give in to things
that we fancy.” 

Is this statement true? Which part of the text supports/does not support it?

A. Yes, paragraph 2 clearly gives the perfect evidence.

B. Yes, paragraph 3 shows that this could happen.
C. Yes, paragraph 4 exhibits the real life case.
D. No, paragraph 2 rejects this notion.
E. No, nothing in the text supports it.

No. 10
If people ... themselves to others, they ... happier. Sadly, in reality, people compare every day.

Which of the following should fill the blanks?

A. didn’t compare ; would have been

B. hadn’t compared; would have been
C. don’t compare, will be
D. hadn’t compared; would be
E. didn’t compare; would be

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 UTBK - Soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris
Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Set 01 Extended
Doc Name:002034 Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Version:202211180040
Set 01 Extended

This text is for question number 11 to 16.

Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific
evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved
over a period of approximately six million years.

One of the earliest defining human traits, bipedalism -- the ability to walk on two legs -- evolved over 4 million
years ago. Other important human characteristics -- such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools,
and the capacity for language -- developed more recently. Many advanced traits -- including complex symbolic
expression, art, and elaborate cultural diversity -- emerged mainly during the past 100,000 years.

Humans are primates. Physical and genetic similarities show that the modern human species, Homo sapiens, has a
very close relationship to another group of primate species, the apes. Humans and the great apes (large apes) of Africa --
chimpanzees (including bonobos, or so-called “pygmy chimpanzees”) and gorillas -- share a common ancestor that lived
between 8 and 6 million years ago. Humans first evolved in Africa, and much of human evolution occurred on that
continent. The fossils of early humans who lived between 6 and 2 million years ago come entirely from Africa.

Early humans first migrated out of Africa into Asia probably between 2 million and 1.8 million years ago. They
entered Europe somewhat later, between 1.5 million and 1 million years. The species of modern humans populated many
parts of the world much later. For instance, people first came to Australia probably within the past 60,000 years and to the
Americas within the past 30,000 years or so. The beginnings of agriculture and the rise of the first civilizations occurred
within the past 12,000 years.
Source: Smithsonian
No. 11

Which information can we infer from bipedalism and the capacity for language?

A. Compared to the capacity for language, bipedalism emerged earlier.

B. The capacity for language progressed from a complex brain; bipedalism does not.
C. Bipedalism is the prerequisite trait to develop the capacity for language.
D. Bipedalism and the capacity for language appeared around the same period.
E. Both bipedalism and the ability for language are the earliest traits found in modern humans.

No. 12

According to the passage, which information is accurate about early human migration?

A. It is found that much of early human evolution first occurred in Africa.

B. Africa was the starting point for early human migration to other continents.
C. Prior to spreading over the world, early humans established the first civilization in Africa.
D. Humans left Africa and split up into different groups that inhabited multiple continents.
E. Early humans migrated out of Africa to establish agriculture on other continents.

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Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Set 01 Extended
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Set 01 Extended

No. 13
Which information can be used to back up the assertion that humans evolved from apelike ancestors?

A. A large portion of human evolution took place in the continent of Africa, where early humans first appeared.
B. Africa is the only continent with early human fossils dating to 6 and 2 million years ago.
C. Physical and genetic similarities demonstrate the close kinship between the modern human and another group of
primates.
D. Both fossils of humans and ape remains were discovered in the same area of Africa.
E. It takes an extremely long period for humans to evolve.

No. 14
From the passage, we know that human evolution ….

A. is similar to the evolution of other primate groups

B. was developed traits by traits over a long period
C. is determined by the condition of the area where they lived
D. depends on the lifestyle they had
E. is determined by their ability to use tools

No. 15
In which paragraph(s) can we find the support for the phrase “lengthy process” (paragraph 1) used to describe human
evolution?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
E. All paragraphs

No. 16

“Many advanced traits -including complex symbolic expression, art, and elaborate cultural diversity- emerged mainly
during the past 100,000 years.”

The word “emerged” in the sentence above can be best replaced with ….

A. displayed
B. exhibited
C. set forth
D. exposed
E. popped up

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Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Set 01 Extended
Doc Name:002034 Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Version:202211180040
Set 01 Extended

This text is for question number 17 to 20.

About a billion years after the earth had formed, the first signs of life appeared. Three billion years elapsed before
creatures became complex enough to leave fossils their descendants could recognize and learn from. These were shelled
creatures called trilobites, followed by jawless fish, the first vertebrates. During the Devonian period, great upheavals
occurred in the earth’s crust, resulting in the formation of mountains and in the ebb and flow of oceans. In the aftermath,
beds of mud rich in organic matter nourished vegetation, and insects, scorpions, and spiders appeared. Next developed
the amphibians, descendants of fish that had crawled out of fresh water.

Between 225 and 65 million years ago, reptiles developed from which many new forms grew until finally evolved
the mammal. Dinosaurs were overgrown reptiles. Although some were as small as chickens, others grew to be the largest
animals on Earth, as long as 82 feet and as heavy as 50 tons, with long necks and a liking for a vegetarian diet. Current
theory suggests that dinosaurs were warm-blooded and behaved more like mammals than like reptiles.

The end of the Mesozoic Era (middle life) saw the inexplicable demise of dinosaurs and large swimming and flying
birds. Geological changes were converting the giant land mass into separate continents. The beginning of a new era, called
the Cenozoic (recent life), saw the marked predominance of mammals that would ultimately become man’s ancestors.
Source: Peterson’s TOEFL
No. 17
What would be a good title for this reading?

A. How Reptiles Became Dinosaurs

B. The Ages of Man
C. The Evolution of Life
D. The Formation of the Earth
E. How Dinosaurs Extinct

No. 18

“Next developed the amphibians, descendants of fish that had crawled out of fresh water.”

Which option uses the word "had" in the same way that it is used in the sentence above?

A. Gigi had a gazillion pairs of shoes in her wardrobe.

B. Nobody had as much money as Taylor did.
C. Cara had to fix her hair; it was too messy.
D. The designer bags had to be returned due to the defect.
E. Anna had already spoken to Kim about this.

No. 19

Which of the following statements can we conclude as true according to the passage?

A. Several species went extinct during the Mesozoic Era.

B. Amphibians developed at the same time as the formation of mountains.
C. Several types of dinosaurs are classified as mammals.
D. The Cenozoic era marked the beginning of the extinction of big creatures.
E. It takes a few millions of years for the first signs of life to emerge.

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Soal Literasi dalam Bahasa Inggris - Set 01 Extended
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Set 01 Extended

No. 20

What is the significance of the information presented in paragraph 2?

A. To continue the chronology presented about life evolution on earth.

B. To explain why dinosaurs went extinct.
C. To elaborate on the separation of continents.
D. To introduce how the first mammals evolved to become humans.
E. To explain more about how dinosaurs evolved.

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