So from what we had discussed in the previous meeting I just want to add that emerging technology may

also refer to continuing development of existing technology.

Next Slide

TYPES OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

From what ms takai discussed the glove that translates into speech, I just wanna elaborate that that the University of
California, Los Angeles bioengineers have developed a similar smart glove that converts American Sign
Language into spoken English speech in real-time, which was released in June 2020.

The glove uses stretchable sensors and a circuit board to wirelessly send signals to a smartphone app –
also developed by the researchers – which translates hand gestures into English. The glove can analyze
up to 660 different gestures, including every letter of the alphabet as well as the digits 0 through 9., has a
recognition rate of over 98% and is able to translate gestures into speech in less than a second.

a Filipino college student from Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges

developed a similar, glove-like gadget that uses a smartphone app to
translate Filipino Sign language to voice-converter. the gloves have thin,
elastic sensors located in each of the five fingers. Hand gestures and finger locations are
tracked and interpreted by an MPU-6050 motion tracking device. The data is then
collected and transferred to a computer over WiFi for processing and real-time translation.
“This project gives voice to the deaf and speech-impaired people. With this, the
communication barrier could be lessened allowing the deaf and speech-impaired people to
express themselves and give them opportunities to grow in their respective careers,” said
one of the group members
The college students didn’t provide further details on their thesis project.
1. Approximately 25% of all marine species are known to live on coral reefs, therefore preserving
them is extremely important for the ecological balance of oceans. Nevertheless, the process is
time-consuming, and reefs are rapidly disappearing.

3D coral reef printer scans an existing reef to identify its core properties and replicate them to form a new
coral reef. This one-of-a-kind printer was designed in partnership with the Technion Institute of
Technology. The printer uses Terracotta clay replacing plastic filament commonly used in regular 3D
printers Furthermore, coralline algae can easily grow on the clay because of its porous nature.

coralline algae is a structural

support system and environmental protector for
saltwater, and even freshwater, reef systems

2. Scientists have been trying to build an artificial heart for over 50 years now. Cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs) take an estimated 17.9 million lives around the world each year and are the
leading causes of deaths globally.

An Australian research team has created BiVACOR, a titanium heart that utilises spinning disc
technology.
It doesn’t work exactly like a human heart but tries to surpass evolution with a better mechanism to pump
blood around the human body. It has a circular pump suspended between magnets in an artificial heart
made of titanium.

A full human trial is yet to be conducted. Till now, it has been tested only temporarily on heart transplant
patients and has undergone animal trials.

3. The Bayraktar TB2 is a medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned combat aerial vehicle

capable of conducting
capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations,
Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) and armed attack
missions. . It is manufactured by the Turkish company Baykar Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.,
primarily for the Turkish Armed Forces
The aircraft are monitored and controlled by an aircrew in a ground control station, including
weapons employment.

Turkey has used the drone extensively in strikes on Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
and People's Protection Units (YPG) targets in Iraq and Syria.[8][9][10][11] Bayraktar drones were
later deployed by a number of other nations around the world in various wars, such as by
the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,

4. Joystick-operated robot could help surgeons treat stroke remotely

by Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT engineers developed a
telerobotic system to help surgeons remotely treat patients
experiencing stroke or aneurysm.

With a modified joystick, surgeons in one hospital may control a

robotic arm at another location to safely operate on a patient during a
critical window of time that could save the patient’s life and preserve
their brain function.
instead of transporting a patient from a rural area to a large city, they
could go to a local hospital where nurses could set up this system. A
neurosurgeon at a major medical center could watch live imaging of
the patient and use the robot to operate in that golden hour. 

The team tested the robotic system in MGH’s Catheter Lab — an operating room
with standard medical imaging equipment used in endovascular procedures. The
researchers installed the robotic arm in the lab, along with a life-sized silicone
model of blood vessels. They set the joystick, along with a monitor displaying a live
video of the model, in a control room. From there, an operator watched the video
while using the joystick to remotely steer the wire through the vessels.

The team trained a group of neurosurgeons to use the robotic system. After just
one hour of training, each surgeon was able to successfully operate the system to
guide the wire through complex vessels that are difficult to navigate with a manual
guidewire.

5. Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and
application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and
information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the
place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in
appearance, behavior, and/or cognition.

A good example of a robot that resembles humans is Sophia, a social humanoid robot developed

by Hong Kong-based company Hanson Robotics which was activated on April 19, 2015. Many of today's
robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics. [1]

It includes features for facial recognition, visual tracking, and other AI-based activities, as well as natural
language processing and voice. Sophia is intended for use in research, education, and entertainment,
and it aids in fostering societal debate on AI ethics and the potential of robotics.

REGULATION THEORIES

Regulatory sandboxes

A regulatory sandbox is an environment where firms can test new innovations under the supervision of a
regulator. The aim is simple: to facilitate innovation in a safe and responsible manner. Innovations that
can be tested include new products, services, solutions, technologies, business models and even
policies.

Often, regulation is relaxed or rules are adapted to create a more conducive environment for
experimentation. As new innovations can change industry landscapes, sandboxes also help regulatory
bodies to evolve their regulatory frameworks and keep pace with developments. For example, to ensure
consumer protection. [2]

Focus on results and performance rather than form

specifies required outcomes or objectives rather than defining the way in which they must be achieved.
This model of regulation offers businesses and individuals more freedom to choose their way of
complying with the law.
EMERGING ISSUES, SPECIAL TOPICS: AI AND ROBOTICS, HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS AND
JUSTICE

Artificial intelligence and robotics have already formed a concrete aim for business investments. This
technology alliance will undoubtedly change the world, and we can hope to see it happen in the coming
decade.

However, AI and Robots have the potential to replace about 800 million jobs globally in the future, making
about 30% of all positions irrelevant. Unsurprisingly, only 7% of businesses currently do not employ AI-
based technology but are looking into it. However, we need to be careful when discussing robots and AI,
as these terms are often assumed to be identical, which has never been the case.

The definition of artificial intelligence tells about enabling machines to perform complex tasks
autonomously. Tools based on AI can solve complicated problems by analyzing large quantities of
information and finding dependencies not visible to humans.

While robotics is also connected to automation, it combines with other fields – mechanical engineering,
computer science, and AI. AI-driven robots can perform functions autonomously with machine learning
algorithms. AI robots can be described as intelligent automation applications in which robotics provides
the body while AI supplies the brain.

EMERGING ISSUES

HEALTH INVIRONMENT

Technology innovation and concerns surrounding the impacts of climate change have led to the
emergence of “green” industries that aim to reduce hazardous emissions and the use of hazardous
materials. Some offers resources on occupational health hazards associated with emerging industries
and technologies, and the risks workers and communities face as the consequences of climate change
become more apparent.

The criminal-justice arena faces an abundance of information technology opportunities. However,

important barriers, including a lack of business cases; a lack of implementation plans and procedures;
and a lack of security, privacy, and civil-rights protections, hinder its ability to take advantage of those
opportunities.

Like for example anyone who uses a credit card and has recently been notified of a possible hack to his
or her private information knows that technology is a blessing until it falls into the wrong hands and
becomes a curse.