Review Notes No.
5 Institutional Corrections
What is institutional correction?
Institutional Corrections - refers to those persons
housed in secure. correctional facilities.
Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for inmates
under investigation. or undergoing trial, or serving
short-term sentences. Gaol - old name/term of jail.
CORRECTIONS – is that branch of administration of
criminal justice charged with responsibility for the
custody, supervision, and rehabilitation, of the
convicted offender.
–the combination of public and private services with
legal authority to provide for the care, custody and
control of those accused convicted of a criminal or
status offense.
–the program, services, and institutions responsible for
those individuals who are accused or convicted of
criminal offenses.
CLASSIFICATION – refers to the assigning or grouping of
inmates according to their sentence, gender, age,
nationality, health, criminal records, etc.
–a method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning and
execution of treatment programs are coordinated to an
individual.
–the process of assigning inmates to types of custody or
treatment programs appropriate to their needs.
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
Alcatraz - a US federal penitentiary, often referred to as
"The Rock", the small island of Alcatraz was developed
with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, a
military prison (1868), and a federal prison from 1933
until 1963.
Alexander Maconochie - was a Scottish naval officer,
geographer, and penal reformer. He is known as the
Father of Parole.
His 2 Basic Principle of Penology
1. As cruelty debases both the victim and society,
punishment should not be vindictive but should aim at
the reform of the convict to observe social constraints,
and;
2. A convict's imprisonment should consist of task, not
time sentences, with release depending on the
performance of a measurable amount of labor.
Auburn Prison - Constructed in 1816, (opened 1819) it
was the second state prison in New York, the site of the
first execution by electric chair in 1890. It uses the silent
or congregate system.
Banishment - a punishment originating in ancient times,
that required offenders to leave the community and live
elsewhere, commonly in the wilderness.
COMPETENT AUTHORITY – refers to the Supreme Court,
Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan
Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial
Court, Sandigan Bayan, Military Courts, House of
Representatives, Senate, Commission on Elections,
Bureau of Immigration and Deportation and Board of
Pardons and Parole.
CARPETA – refers to the institutional record of an
inmate which consist of his mittimus/commitment
order, the prosecutor’s information and the decision of
the trial court, including the appellate court, if any.
COMMITMENT – the entrusting for confinement of an
inmate to a jail by competent authority for
investigation, trial and/or service of sentence.
COMMITMENT ORDER – a written order of the court or
any other competent authority consigning an offender
to a jail or prison for confinement.
CONTRABAND – any article, item, or thing prohibited by
law and/or forbidden by jail rules.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – the infliction of physical pain
as a form of punishment.
DETAINEE – person who is confined in prison pending
preliminary investigation, trial or appeal; or upon legal
process issued by the competent authority.
–a person accused before a court or competent
authority who is temporarily confined in jail while
undergoing investigation, awaiting final judgment.
–
DETERRENCE – a crime-control strategy that uses
punishment to prevent others from committing similar
crimes.
DEATH CONVICT – refers to an inmate death
penalty/sentence imposed by the Regional Trial Court is
affirmed by the Supreme Court.
DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device of correctional
institutions of providing varied and flexible types of
physical plants for more effective control of treatment
programs of its diversified population.
DIVERSION – establishment of alternatives to formal
justice system such as deferred prosecution, resolution
of citizen’s dispute, and treatment alternative to street
crimes.
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – a crime strategy that
focuses on keeping the offenders in the community
rather than placing them in long-term institution.
ESCAPE – an act of getting out unlawfully from
confinement or custody by an inmate.
–Evasion of service of sentence (Art. 157, RPC)
–
INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT – a device, contrivance,
tool, or instrument used to hold back, keep in, check, or
control an inmate; e.g., hand cuffs, leg irons
INMATE – (brief definition) either a prisoner or detainee
confined in jail.
–(as defined in Bureau of Corrections Operating
Manual) refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced
by the court to serve a maximum term of imprisonment
of more than three (3) years or to a fine of more than
one thousand pesos (P1, 000.00); or regardless of the
length of the sentence imposed by the court, to one
sentenced for violation of the Customs Law or other
laws within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs or
enforceable by it, or violation of immigration and
election laws; or to one sentenced to serve two (2) or
more prison sentences in the aggregate exceeding the
period of three (3) years, whether or not he has
appealed. It shall include a person committed to the
Bureau by a court or competent authority for
safekeeping or similar purpose. Unless otherwise
indicated, “inmate” shall also refer to a “detainee.”
– restore an inmate’s self-respect thereby making him a
JAIL – a place of confinement for inmates under
investigation, awaiting or undergoing trial or serving
sentence.
–is a building or place of confinement of arrested or
sentenced persons. It is usually made up of cells which
are made up of small rooms or enclosures where
prisoners are actually kept or confined (People vs.
Caricaban, 13672-CR, Sept. 9, 1965)
MITTIMUS – a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal
and the signature of the judge, directing the jail or
prison authorities to receive inmates for custody or
service of sentence imposed therein.
PENANCE – an ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an
ecclesiastical court for some spiritual offense.
PENAL SERVITUDE – a punishment, which consist of
keeping an offender in confinement and compelling him
to labor.
PENALTY – is the suffering that is inflicted by the state
for the transgression of the law.
PENITENTIARY – a prison, correctional institution, or
other place of confinement where convicted felons are
sent to serve out the term of their sentence.
PENOLOGY – a branch of criminology, which deals with
management and administration of inmates.
–the science of prison management and rehabilitation
of criminals (Black’s Law Dictionary)
– SHOCK PROBATION (1865, Ohio) – a deterrence-based
PRISON – a public building or other place for the
confinement of person, whether as a punishment
imposed by the law or otherwise in the course of the
administration of justice
– (as defined in the Bureau of Corrections Operating
Manual) it also refers to a penal establishment under
the control of the Bureau of Corrections and shall
include the New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional
Institution for Women, Leyte Regional Prison, and the
Davao, San Ramon, Sablayan, and Iwahig Prison and
Penal Farms.
– They study, eat, dance, work and engage in leisure
PRISON RECORD – refers to information containing an
inmate’s personal circumstances, the offense he
committed, the sentence imposed, the criminal case
numbers in the trial appellate courts, the date he
commenced service of his sentence, the date he was
received for confinement, the place of confinement, the
date of expiration of his sentence, the number of
previous convictions, if any, and his behavior and
conduct while in prison.
PRISONER – an inmate who is convicted by final
judgment and classified as insular, provincial, city, or
municipal prisoner.
PUNISHMENT – infliction of some sort of pain on the
offender for violating the law.
REHABILITATION – a program of activity directed to
law-abiding citizen after serving his sentence.
–to change an offender’s character, attitude or behavior
patterns so as to diminish his or her criminal
propensities.
SAFEKEEPING – the temporary custody of a person for
his own protection, safety, or care; and/or his security
from harm, injury or danger for the liability he has
committed.
DETERMINATE SENTENCE – a fixed period of
incarceration imposed on the offender by the court.
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE – sets minimum and
maximum period of incarceration.
PRESUMPTIVE SENTENCING – an alternative to limit
sentencing disparity which sets minimum average and
maximum terms allowing the judge to select a term
based on the characteristics of the offender and
aggravating circumstances.
SENTENCING DISPARITY – divergence in the type and
length of sentence imposed for the same crime with no
evidence reason for the difference.
SELECTIVE INCAPACITATION – the doctrine of isolating
the offender or causing social disablement proposed
adopting a policy of incarcerating those whose criminal
behavior is so damaging or probable that short of
isolation will prevent recidivism.
sentence to prison, designed to give the offender a
taste of incarceration in the belief that this will deter
future criminal activity.
PRISONIZATION – process by which an inmate learns
through socialization; the rules and regulation of the
penitentiary culture.
COED INSTITUTION – or co-correctional institution
which hold both male and female offenders who
interact and share the facility except for sleeping areas.
activities within one campus.
STATUS OFFENSE – behavior or conduct that is an
offense only when committed by juvenile.
BLUE-FLU – the practice of uniformed personnel of
taking sick leave EN MASSE to back-up their demands
fro impoved working conditions, salary increments, and
other items on their agenda.
CONVICT BOGEY – society exaggerated fear of the
convict and ex-convict which is usually far out of
proportion to the real danger they present.
FURLOUGH – authorization that permits inmate to leave
containment, for emergency family crises, usually
accompanied by correctional officer. Crises include
“death bed”.
WEEK-END CONFINEMENT – offender is allowed to
retain current employment and permit sentences to be
served during weekends.
HALF-WAY HOUSES – are non-confining residential
facilities for adjudicated adults or juvenile or those
subject to proceedings. They are alternative to
containment for person not suited for probation that
need period for re-adjustment to the community after
imprisonment.
QUARTER HOUSES – for probationers
HALF HOUSES – for parolees
THREE QUARTER HOUSES – intensive alternative for
prison confinement/commitment
EXPUNGE – the process by which the record of crime
conviction is destroyed or sealed after expiration of
statutory required time.
GULAG
–the term Gulag of Igorot Mountain tribe according to
the linguist, refers to a wooden-fence where convicted
felons were imprisoned by the elders.
–At the height of the Banawe Rice-Terraces
construction, the tribe’s chieftain considers it a crime
for any able-bodied male who refuses to work at the
terraces, if found guilty of such idleness, he will be sent
to the Gulag.
GULAG OF GERMANY
–this is infamous Gulag prison of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
in Germany, where thousands of Jews were man-
slaughtered during the reign of Adolph Hitler.
GULAG OF RUSSIA
–this is synonymous for corrective labor camp, a penal
institution established in 1918 after the Russian
Revolution. It was the most feared prison during the
reign of Joseph Stalin on 1934 to 1947.
METHODS OF DEATH PENALTY EXECUTED IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1.GARROTE
This became popular when three (3) friar’s priests,
commonly addressed as GOMBURZA, were executed in
1872 by the Spanish colonial rulers for exposing the
venalities of the church.
2.MUSKETRY
Our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, died due to the alleged
rebellion to the Spanish government. Drug Lord Lim
Seng met his death sentence by firing squad in 1973 at
Fort Bonifacio during Martial Law.
3.BEHEADING
Apprehended guerillas were beheaded by Samurai
Sword at the Japanese Kempetei Garrison in 1943.
4.HANGING
The famous tiger of Malaysia Yamashita died of hanging
from 13th footstep platform in 1946.
5.ELECTRIC CHAIR
The Muntinlupa electric chair has claimed more than
seventy (70) offenders convicted of capital offenses
since its installation four (4) decades ago.
6.LETHAL INJECTION
While the 1987 Constitution abolished death sentence,
however, Congress in 1996 passed RA 7659 as amended
by RA 8177 that imposes death penalty for heinous
crime by lethal injection.
OTHER FORMS OF EXECUTION
STONING
It is a form of execution wherein the condemned person
is pelted with stones.
BEHEADING
A form of capital punishment practice in ancient Greece
and Europe, the punishment is reserved for offender of
high rank and for notorious criminals. The condemned
man’s neck is placed on the wooden curved specifically
designed for the purpose. Most often, the doomed-man
is black hooded with both hands tied at the back before
his head is positioned at the chopping black. At a given
signal the head is axed and the severed head fall on the
trunk provided therefore. Today, beheading continues
to be the method of executions for capital punishment
in many Muslim countries including China.
CRUCIFIXION
A person convicted to death was nailed on the cross
with both hands and feet to add ignominy to his agony
and humiliation. He was crowned with the specter of
spines of vines in his head. Then the Roman pears were
thrusts to his flesh body and died of asphyxiation.
BURNING AT STAKE
Form of execution wherein the convict is tied in pole
and then set on fire alive.
FEEDING TO THE LIONS
The offender is thrown in a lion’s den.
PILLORY
Bouvier’s dictionary defines pillory as a wooden
machine, in which the neck of the doomed culprit is
inserted thereof and usually executed in public as a
means of punishing offenders in Europe and Colonial
America.
Pillory is a wooden frame with three (3) curved holes in
it (two for the left and right wrists and the middle-
curved hole is for the neck) and mounted on the post
upon a platform. The condemned man is left to die at
the mercy of unfriendly weather. Other similar form
with holes for the offender’s feet is called a STOCK.
DECAPITATION
Derived from the Latin word “DE” meaning FROM, and
“CAPUT” meaning a HEAD. Instead of using an axe, the
method employed is by use of a sword and the practice
is widespread in China and Muslim States.
FLAGELLATION
An X-designed log were cross-joined and declined at 65
degrees backward. The hooded doomed-man was tied
on the cross-x with both hands spread upward while the
feet were spread apart. The con-man is bare naked
except in the skimpy short pants.
The whipping rod is made of stripped hard leather with
brass button in laid across and embedded at the tips. At
the given signal, six men will whip 30 lashes each
alternately and will continue, except upon the
intercession of the victim or the State. This intervention
of the aggrieved party to stop is tantamount to pardon
and the man shall be released to freedom.
GARROTE
An iron collar attached upon a scaffold formerly used in
Spain and Portugal. The convict is seated on the
improvised chair with both hands and feet tied. Then,
the victim’s neck is placed on the collar attached to it,
finally, the iron collar is slowly tightened by the screw at
the back chair by the executioner until the death
convict is pronounced dead.
This method of execution was abolished in the
Philippines by virtue of Act 451.
GUILLOTINE
A device for cutting-off people’s head developed in
1972 by Dr. Joseph Ignacio Guillotin, a member of the
French National Assembly, he proposed that all
executions must be uniform and painless.
ELECTRIC CHAIR
The convict is seated on a chair made of electrical
conducting materials with strap of electrodes on wrist,
ankle and head. Upon orders, the levers will be pulled-
up and the fatal volts of alternating current pas the
body until the convict dies. If ever the convict is still
alive, the lever shall be pulled again until he is
pronounced dead.
HANGING
Mostly, the execution is conducted at dawn. The
executioner will place a cloth over his head. Steel
weights are strapped to the legs of the death convict to
ensure that he/she will die quickly. Then the rope will
be placed around the neck of the convict, and finally,
the platform will be removed.
MUSKETRY
Most often, the convict is black hooded with hands tied
and may face or snub the firing squad.
GAS CHAMBER
Invented after World War I by a medical Corp’s Officer
of the US Army as an alternative to electric chair. In
medical term, the convict will die from HYPOXIA which
means death due to the cutting-off of oxygen in the
brain.
LETHAL INJECTION
Developed in 1924 by an anesthesiologist in Nevada.
Components of chemicals used in Lethal Injection are:
Non-lethal Dose/SODIUM THIOPENTAL – a sleep
inducing barbiturate commonly used in surgery to put
the patient asleep; Lethal Dose/PANCURONIUM
BROMIDE – a drug capable of paralyzing the muscles;
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE – capable of stopping heartbeat
within seconds, this is commonly used in Heart-by-pass
operations.
BJMP - (Bureau of Jail Management and Penology)
government agency
mandated by law (RA 6975) to take operational and
administrative control
over all city, district and municipal jails.
It takes custody of detainees accused before a court
who are temporarily
confined in such jails while undergoing investigation,
waiting final
judgement and those who are serving sentence
promulgated by the court
3 years and below.
- created Jan. 2, 1991.
- Charles S. Mondejar - 1st BJMP chief.
- BJMP chief tour of duty, must not exceed 4 years,
maybe
extended by President. Grounds:
1. In times of war
2. other national emergencies.
- Senior superintendent - the rank from which the BJMP
chief
is appointed. This is the rank of the BJMP Directors of
the Directorates in the National Headquarters. This is
also
the rank of the Regional Director for Jail Management
and Penology.
- Chief of the BJMP - Highest ranking BJMP officer.
Appointed
by the President upon recommendation of DILG
Secretary. Rank
is Director.
- BJMP Deputy Chief for Administration - the 2nd
highest ranking
BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon
recommendation
of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
- BJMP Deputy Chief for Operations - the 3rd highest
ranking
BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon
recommendation
of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
- BJMP Chief of the Directorial Staff - the 4th highest
BJMP
officer. Appointed by the President upon
recommendation of
the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendents.
Borstal - a custodial institution for young offenders.
Borstal System - rehabilitation method formerly used in
Great Britain for
delinquent boys aged 16 to 21. The idea originated
(1895) with the
Gladstone Committee as an attempt to reform young
offenders. The first
institution was established (1902) at Borstal Prison,
Kent, England.
Branding - stigmatizing is the process in which a mark,
usually a symbol
or ornamental pattern, is burned into the skin of a living
person, with
the intention that the resulting scar makes it permanent
as a punishment
or imposing masterly rights over an enslaved or
otherwise oppressed person.
Bridewell Prison and Workhouse - was the first
correctional institution
in England and was a precursor of the modern prison.
Built initially as
a royal residence in 1523, Bridewell Palace was given to
the city of
London to serve as the foundation for as system of
Houses of Correction
known as “Bridewells.” These institutions, eventually
numbering 200 in
Britain, housed vagrants, homeless children, petty
offenders,
disorderly women, prisoners of war, soldiers, and
colonists sent
to Virginia.
Bridewell Prison and Hospital - was established in a
former royal palace
in 1553 with two purposes: the punishment of the
disorderly poor and
housing of homeless children in the City of London.
Bureau of Corrections - has for its principal task the
rehabilitation
of national prisoners, or those sentenced to serve a
term of imprisonment
of more than three years.
THE SEVEN OPERATING CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES IN
THE PHILIPPINES
1.BILIBID PRISON
a. BILIBID PRISON – the main insular penitentiary during
the Spanish regime. This was constructed in 1847 and
was formally inaugurated in 1865 by virtue of the Royal
Decree of the Spanish Crown. This is located at the then
famous “May Haligue Estate” at nearby Central Market.
This was constructed in radical spokes-of-a-wheel form
with a tower in the center spoke for easy command and
control. In 1936, the City of Manila exchanged its
Muntinlupa property with that of the Bureau of Prison
lot, the Muntinlupa property was intended as a site for
Boys Training School, but because it was too far, the
City preferred the site of the Old Bilibid Prison, the
present site of Manila City Jail.
b. NEW BILIBID PRISON, Muntinlupa City
(Approximately 552 hectares) – this is where the Bureau
of Corrections Central Office. Within the complex are
the three (3) security camps administered by a Penal
Superintendent and assisted by as Asst. Superintendent
in each Camp. The thee (3) security camps are:
MAXIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND is for prisoners
whose sentences are 20 years and above, life termers or
those under capital punishment, those with pending
cases, those under disciplinary punishment, those
whose cases are on appeal, those under detention, and
those that do not fall under medium and minimum-
security status.
MEDIUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also known as Camp
Sampaguita) is for prisoners whose sentences are below
20 years (computed from the minimum sentences per
classification interpretation) and those classified for
colony assignment.
MINIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also referred to as
Camp Bukang Liwayway) is an open camp with less
restrictions and regimentation. This is for prisoners who
are 65 years old and above, medically certified as
invalids and for those prisoners who have six months or
less to serve before, they are released from prison.
the lethal injection chamber is also located here.
2.SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Zamboanga
del Sur – founded by Capt. Ramon Blanco, a member of
the Spanish Royal Army and named the prison facility
after his patron saint. This was initially intended for the
confinement of political prisoners during Spanish era. It
was closed during the Spanish-American War and was
reopened during the American occupation. It has three
facilities (maximum, medium, minimum). The penal
farm was designed to promote agro-industrial activities.
Land area: Approximately 1, 546 hectares
Principal product: Copra, rice, coffee, etc.
Year established: 1869 – 1870
3.IWAHIG PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Palawan
-envisioned as an institution for incorrigible criminals,
however, the first contingent of prisoners to be
confined revolted against the authorities.
-On November1, 1905 under the Reorganization Act
1407, the policy was changed, instead of putting
hardened criminals, well behaved and obedient inmates
were sent to the colony
-The farm is predominantly designed for agro-industrial
activities. Within its area are four (4) sub-colonies:
1.Central sub-colony
2.Sta. Lucia sub-colony
3.Montible sub-colony
4.Inagawan sub-colony
-All these colonies are administered by a Penal
Supervisor
-It administers the Tagumpay Settlement, which is
approximately 1, 000 hectares, with six hectares
homestead lots distributed to inmates who desired to
live in the settlement after service of sentence.
-One of the best open institutions in the world.
Date established: Nov. 16, 1904
By virtue of: Reorganization Act of 1407
Land area: Approximately 36, 000 hectares
Principal product: rice, corn, copra and other forest
product
4.CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN, Commitment Order - is an act of sending a person to
Mandaluyong City prison by means of
-The only female institution in the Philippines such a warrant or order.
-Since 1934, a female Superintendent was assigned to Correctional Administration - the study and practice of a
supervise the prison facility. system of
Year established: 1931 managing jails and prisons and other institutions
By virtue of: Act 3579 which was passed on Nov. 27, concerned with the
1929 custody, treatment and rehabilitation of criminal
Vocational activities: Dress making, beauty culture, offenders.
handicrafts Corrections - describes a variety of functions typically
carried out
5.LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON, Abuyog, Leyte by government agencies, and involving the punishment,
Date established: Jan. 16, 1973 treatment, and
-It is a prison facility, which has a receiving and process supervision of persons who have been convicted of
station. crimes.
-It has three security facilities – maximum, medium,
minimum Death Row - refers to incarcerated persons who have
-Because of its terrain, prison agro-industrial activities been sentenced to
could not be fully developed. death and are awaiting execution.
-
6.SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Sablayan, San Deterrence - as contended by Cesare Beccaria,
Jose, Mindoro Occidental proponent of the
-With four sub-colonies within the prison compound: classical theory, that punishment is to prevent others
1.Central sub-colony from committing crime.
2.Pusog sub-colony Director Charles S. Mondejar - the first Chief of BJMP.
3.Pasugui sub-colony He took his oath of office on July 1 of 1991.
4.Yapag sub-colony District Jail - is a cluster of small jails, each having a
-This penal farm is intended for agro-industrial activities monthly
Land area: Approximately 16, 408.5 hectares average population of ten or less inmates, and is
By virtue of: Proclamation no. 72 located in the vicinity of the court.
Date established: Sept. 27, 1954
Principal product: Rice Draco - was the first legislator of ancient Athens,
Greece, 7th century BC. He replaced the prevailing
7.DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Tagum, Davao del system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to
Norte be enforced only by a court.
-With two sub-colonies:
1.Panabo sub-colony Ducking Stool - a chair fastened to the end of a pole,
2.Kapalong sub-colony used formerly to plunge offenders into a pond or river
-Administer the Tanglaw Settlement for those inmates as a punishment.
who desire to live within the compound
Dungeon - a dark cell, usually underground where
Cesare Beccaria - an Italian criminologist, jurist, prisoners are confined.
philosopher and
politician best known for his treaties On Crimes and Elmira Reformatory - located in new York, was originally
Punishments (1764), a prison opened
which condemned torture and the death penalty, and to contain Confederate prisoners of war during the Civil
was a founding work War. It became
in the field of penology and the Classical School of known as a “death camp” because of the squalid
criminology conditions and high death
Charles Montesquieu - a French lawyer, who analyzed rate in its few years of operation. Established 1876.
law as an expression
of justice. He is famous for his articulation of the theory Elmira System - An American penal system named after
of separation Elmira Reformatory,
of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions in New York. In 1876 Zebulon R. Brockway became an
throughout the world. innovator in the
Code of Justinian - formally Corpus Juris Civilis (“Body of reformatory movement by establishing Elmira
Civil Law”), Reformatory for young felons.
Justinian I the collections of laws and legal The Elmira system classified and separated various
interpretations developed types of prisoners,
under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor gave them individualized treatment emphasizing
Justinian I from AD vocational training and
529 to 565. industrial employment, used indeterminate sentences.
Ergastulum - is a Roman prison used to confine slaves.
They were attached
to work benches and forced to do hard labor in period Flogging - (Flog) beat (someone) with a whip or stick as
of imprisonment. a punishment.
Fred T. Wilkinson - last warden of the Alcatraz prison.
Exemplarity - the criminal is punished to serve as an Galley - a low, flat ship with one or more sails and up to
example to others three banksof oars, chiefly used for warfare or piracy
to deter further commission of crime. and often manned by slaves
or criminals.
Expiation - (Atonement) execution of punishment visibly Goals of Criminal Sentencing
or publicly for 1. Retribution
the purpose of appeasing a social group. Expiation is a 2. Punishment
group vengeance 3. Deterrence
as distinguished from retribution. 4. Incapacitation
First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873. Based 5. Rehabilitation
on the reformatory 6. Reintegration
model. 7. Restoration

NATIONAL CORRECTIONS CONSCIOUSNESS WEEK Golden Age Of Penology - 1870 - 1880

Every last week of October
By virtue of Proclamation Number 551 signed on
March 15, 1995, by former President Fidel V. Ramos.
FOUR (4) MAIN CLASSES OF PRISONERS
INSULAR PRISONER – one who is sentenced to a prison
term of three (3) years and one (1) day to death.
PROVINCIAL PRISONER – one who is sentenced to a
prison term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three
(3) years.
CITY PRISONER – one who is sentenced to a prison
term of one (1) day to three (3) years.
MUNICIPAL PRISONER – one who is sentenced to a
prison term of one (1) day to six (6) months.
CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS
ACCORDING TO P. D. 29
INSULAR/NATIONAL PRISONER – sentence to serve a
prison term of over three (3) years or to a fine of more
than six thousand pesos (P6, 000) or both.
CITY/PROVINCIAL PRISONER – sentenced to serve less
than three (3) years but over six (6) months or to a fine
less than six thousand pesos (P6, 000) but more than
two hundred pesos (P200) or both.
MUNICIPAL PRISONER – sentenced to serve less than
six (6) months or to a fine of not more than two
hundred pesos (P200).
CATEGORIES OF INMATES
oPrisoners
oDetainees
DETAINEE
Undergoing investigation
Awaiting or undergoing trial
Awaiting final judgment
JUDGMENT BECOMES FINAL:
After lapse of the period of perfecting an appeal
Sentence has been partially or fully satisfied or served
Accused expressly waived in writing his right to appeal
Accused filed for probation
LEGAL GROUNDS FOR DETAINING A PERSON
Commission of crime
Violent insanity or ailment requiring compulsory
confinement in hospital
Guillotine - an ancient form of capital punishment by
cutting the
head.
Halfway House - a center for helping former drug
addicts, prisoners,
psychiatric patients, or others to adjust to life in general
society.
Hammurabi's Code - an ancient code which contain
both civil and criminal
law. First known codified law prior to Roman law. Better
organized and
comprehensive than biblical law. One of its law is lex
taliones (an eye
for an eye)
Hedonism - the ethical theory that pleasure (in the
sense of the
satisfaction of desires) is the highest good and proper
aim of human life.
Hulk - an old ship stripped of fittings and permanently
moored,
especially for use as storage or (formerly) as a prison.
Impalement - (Impaling) a form of capital punishment, is
the penetration
of an organism by an object such as a stake, pole, spear
or hook, by
complete (or partial) perforation of the body, often the
central body mass.
Killing by piercing the body with a spear or sharp pole.
Institutional Corrections - refers to those persons
housed in secure
correctional facilities.
Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for inmates
under investigation
or undergoing trial, or serving short-term sentences
Gaol - old name/term of jail.
Three Types of Detainees
1. Those undergoing investigation;
2. those awaiting or undergoing trial; and
3. those awaiting final judgment
Jails - holds
a. Convicted offenders serving short sentences
b. Convicted offenders awaiting transfer to prison
c. Offenders who have violated their probation or
parole
d. Defendants who are awaiting trial
James V. Bennett - was a leading American penal
reformer and prison
administrator who served as director of the Federal
Bureau of Prisons
(FBOP) from 1937 to 1964. He was one of the strongest
advocates in the
movement in persuading Congress to close Alcatraz and
replace it with
a new maximum-security prison, eventually successful
in 1963 when
it closed.
January 2, 1991 - the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology was
created thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau under
the Department
of Interior and Local Government.
Jean Jacques Villain - pioneered classification to
separate women and
children from hardened criminals.
Mittimus - is a process issued by the court after
conviction to carry
out the final judgment, such as commanding a prison
warden to hold the
accused, in accordance with the terms of the judgment.
Mittimus is
often attached on the commitment order issued by the
court whenever the
convict is to be transferred to prison for service of
sentence.
Mortality rate - A measure of the frequency of deaths in
a defined
population during a specified interval of time.
Mutilation or maiming - an ancient form of punishment,
is an act of
physical injury that degrades the appearance or
function of any living
body, sometimes causing death.
National Prisons Association - was organized in
Cincinnati in 1870.
Neo-Classical - children and lunatics should not be
punished as they
can not calculate pleasure and pain.

Jeremy Bentham - a prison reformer, believed that the Classical Theory - pain must exceed pleasure to deter
prisoner should crime.
suffer a severe regime, but that it should not be All are punished regardless of age, mental condition,
detrimental to the social
prisoner's health. He designed the Panopticon in 1791. status and other circumstances.
John Howard - a philanthropist and the first English
prison reformer. Positivist Theory - criminal is a sick person and should
Justice - crime must be punished by the state as an act be
of retributive treated and not punished.
justice, vindication of absolute right and moral law
violated by the Eclectic - it means selecting the best of various styles
criminal. or ideas.

lapidation - (Stoning) the act of pelting with stones; Newgate Prison - not a real prison but an abandoned
punishment copper mine of
inflicted by throwing stones at the victim. Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates are confined
underground (Black hole
Lex Taliones - an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. of horrors).
Lockups - Suspects usually stay in a lockup for only 24 to
48 hours. Operational capacity - the number of inmates that can
A suspect may later be transferred from the lockup to be accommodated
the jail. based on a facility's staff, existing programs, and
services.
Mamertine Prison - was a prison (carcer) located in the
Comitium Panopticon - a prison design, allowed a centrally placed
in ancient Rome. It was originally created as a cistern observer to
for a spring survey all the inmates, as prison wings radiated out
in the floor of the second lower level. Prisoners were from this
lowered through central position.
an opening into the lower dungeon.
Parole - refers to criminal offenders who are
Mark System - developed in Australia by Alexander conditionally released
Maconochie, whereby from prison to serve the remaining portion of their
credits, or marks, were awarded for good behaviour, a sentence in the
certain number of community.
marks being required for release.
Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) - was
created pursuant to
Presidential Decree (P.D.) No.968, as amended, to and supervised by the Bureau of Corrections, an agency
administer the under the
probation system. Under Executive Order No. 292, the Department of Justice.
Probation
Administration was renamed as the Parole and Prison Hulks - (1776-1857) were ships which were
Probation Administration, anchored in the Thames,
and given the added function of supervising prisoners and at Portsmouth and Plymouth. Those sent to them
who, after serving were employed in hard
part of their sentence in jails are released on parole or labour during the day and then loaded, in chains, onto
granted the ship at night.
conditional pardon. The PPA and the Board of Pardons Prison Reform - is the attempt to improve conditions
and Parole are inside prisons,
the agencies involved in the non-institutional treatment aiming at a more effective penal system.
of offenders.
Probation - Probation in criminal law is a period of
Penal Management - refers to the manner or practice of supervision over
managing or an offender, ordered by a court instead of serving time
controlling places of confinement such as jails and in prison.
prisons. John Augustus - Father of Probation. Augustus was born
PD No. 603 - was promulgated to provide for the care in Woburn,
and treatment of Massachusetts in 1785. By 1829, he was a permanent
youth offenders from the time of apprehension up to resident
the termination of Boston and the owner of a successful boot-making
of the case. business.

Under this law, a youth offender is defined as a child, Father Cook - a chaplain of the Boston Prison visited the
minor courts
or youth who is over nine years but under eighteen and gained acceptance as an advisor who made
years of enquiries into the
age at the time of the commission of the offence. circumstances of both adult and juvenile offenders
Pennsylvania and New York - pioneered the penitentiary
movement by Provincial Jail - under the office of the Governor. Where
developing two competing systems of confinement. The the imposable
Pennsylvania penalty for the crime committed is more than six
system and the Auburn system. months and the same was
committed within the municipality, the offender must
Pennsylvania System - An early system of U.S. penology serve his or her
in sentence in the provincial jail.
which inmates were kept in solitary cells so that they Where the penalty imposed exceeds three years, the
could offender
study religious writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and shall serve his or her sentence in the penal institutions
perform handicraft work.(Solitary System). of
the Bureau of Corrections.
Auburn System - An early system of penology, Punishment - the infliction or imposition of a penalty as
originating retribution
at Auburn Penitentiary in New York, under which for an offence.
inmates
worked and ate together in silence during the day and Quakers - (or Friends, as they refer to themselves) are
were members of a
placed in solitary cells for the evening.(Congregate family of religious movements collectively known as the
System) Religious
Society of Friends. Many Quakers have worked for
Penology - a branch of Criminology that deals with reform of the criminal
prison management justice systems of their day. Quakers believe that
and reformation of criminals. people can always
Poene (latin) - penalty change: their focus has been on reforms that make
Logos (latin) - science positive change more
likely, such as increased opportunities for education,
Pillory - a wooden framework with holes for the head improved prison
and hands, in which conditions, help with facing up to violent impulses, and
offenders were formerly imprisoned and exposed to much else.
public abuse.
Prison - which refers to the national prisons or William Penn - founder of the Province of Pennsylvania,
penitentiaries managed the
English North American colony and the future to the body through stretching.
Commonwealth of Rated Capacity - the number of beds or inmates
Pennsylvania.was the first great Quaker prison assigned by a rating
reformer. official to institutions within the jurisdiction.
In his ‘Great Experiment’ in Pennsylvania in the 1680s Reformation - the object of punishment in a criminal
he case is to correct
abolished capital punishment for all crimes except and reform the offender.
murder.
He also stated that ‘prisons shall be workhouses,’ that Reformatory Movement - The reformatory movement
bail was based on principles
should be allowed for minor offences’, and ‘all prisons adopted at the 1870 meeting of the National Prison
shall Association.
be free, as to fees, food and lodgings’. He provided for The reformatory was designed:
rehabilitation, as he stipulated that prisoners should be a. for younger, less hardened offenders.
helped to learn a trade, so that they could make an b. based on a military model of regimentation.
honest c. with indeterminate terms.
living when they were released. d. with parole or early release for favorable progress
in reformation.
John Bellers - (1654-1725) was the earliest British Friend
to Rehabilitation - to restore a criminal to a useful life, to a
pay serious and systematic attention to social reform. life in
He which they contribute to themselves and to society.
pleaded for the abolition of the death penalty, the first Retribution - punishment inflicted on someone as
time this plea had been made. He argued that criminals vengeance for a wrong
were or criminal act.
the creation of society itself and urged that when in Security Level - A designation applied to a facility to
prison describe the
there should be work for prisoners so that they might measures taken, both inside and outside, to preserve
return security and custody.
to the world with an urge to industry. The simplest security level categorization is:
a. maximum
Elizabeth Fry - (1780-1845) was the most famous of b. medium
Quaker c. minimum
reformers, though others were equally influential in Maximum - security facilities are characterized by very
raising tight internal and external security.
public awareness. Reforms such as the separation of
women and Common security measures include: (Maximum)
children from men and the development of purposeful - A high wall or razor-wire fencing
activity - Armed-guard towers
of work or education came about through pressure - Electronic detectors
from - External armed patrol
informed people. - A wide, open buffer zone between the outer wall or
fence
RA 6975 - sec.60 to 65, created the BJMP. and the community.
Rank Classification of BJMP - Restrictions on inmate movement
Director - The capability of closing off areas to contain riots or
Chief Superintendent disruptions.
Senior Superintendent Houses the following inmates:
Superintendent - Those sentenced to death
Chief Inspector - Those sentenced with min. 20 years
Senior Inspector - Those remanded inmates/detainees with min. 20
Inspector years sentence
Senior Jail Officer IV - Those whose sentences is under review by SC (min.20
Senior Jail Officer III years)
Senior Jail Officer II - Those whose sentences is under appeal (min.20 years)
Senior Jail Officer I - Those with pending cases
Jail Officer III - Those who are recidivist
Jail Officer II Ultra-Maximum/Super-Maximum Security Prison -
Jail Officer I house notorious
offenders and problem inmates from other institutions.
RA 10575 - The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013. These institutions utilize: Total isolation of inmates,
Constant lockdowns
Rack - a form of torture or punishment wherein pain is Medium-security institutions - place fewer restrictions
inflicted to on
inmate movement inside the facility.
Characteristics often include:(Medium)
- Dormitory or barracks-type living quarters
- No external security wall
- Barbed wire rather than razor wire
- Fences and towers that look less forbidding
Houses the following inmates:
- Those sentenced to less than 20 years
Minimum-security prisons - are smaller and more open.
They often house inmates who:
- Have established records of good behavior
- Are nearing release
Characteristics often include:(Minimum)
- Dormitory or barracks living quarters
- No fences
- Some inmates may be permitted to leave during the
day
to work or study.
- Some inmates may be granted furloughs
Sing Sing Prison - was the third prison built by New York
State. It is a maximum-security prison.
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise - was a British prison
administrator and reformer, and founder of the Borstal
system.
Sir Walter Crofton - the director of Irish prisons. In his
program, known as the Irish system, prisoners
progressed through three stages of confinement before
they were returned to civilian life. The first portion of
the sentence was served in isolation. After that,
prisoners were assigned to group work projects.
Stocks - an instrument of punishment consisting of a
heavy timber frame with holes in which the feet and
sometimes the hands of an offender can be locked.
Three major government functionaries involved in the
Philippine correctional system:
1. DOJ
2. DILG
3. DSWD
DOJ - supervises the national penitentiaries through the
Bureau of Corrections, administers the parole and
probation system through the Parole and Probation
Administration, and assists the President in the grant of
executive clemency through the Board of Pardons and
Parole.
DILG - supervises the provincial, district, city and
municipal jails through the provincial governments and
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology,
respectively.
DSWD - supervises the regional rehabilitation centers
for youth offenders through the Bureau of Child and
Youth Welfare.
Transportation - a punishment in which offenders were
transported from their home nation to one of that
nation's colony to work.
Twelve Tables - The Law of the Twelve Tables (Latin:
Leges Duodecim Tabularum or Duodecim Tabulae) was
the ancient legislation that stood at the foundation of
Roman law. Established basic procedural rights for all
Roman citizens as against one another
Underground Cistern - a reservoir for storing liquids, an
underground tank for storing water. This was also used
in prison in ancient times.
Utilitarianism - a tradition stemming from the late 18th-
and 19th-century English philosophers and economists
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill that an action is
right if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it
tends to produce the reverse of happiness—not just the
happiness of the performer of the action but also that
of everyone affected by it.
Voltaire - believes that fear of shame is a deterrent to
crime.
Walnut Street Jail - opened in 1790 in Philadelphia.
Considered the 1st state prison. Inmates labored in
solitary cells and received large doses of religious
training.
Workhouses - European forerunners of the modern U.S.
prison, where offenders were sent to learn discipline
and regular work habits.
Zebulon Reed Brockway - was a penologist and is
sometimes regarded as the Father of prison reform and
Father of American Parole in the United States.
SOME IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN THE HISTORY OF
CORRECTIONS
oWILLIAM PENN – founder of Pennsylvania and leader
of the English Quakers. Before he conceived the idea of
Pennsylvania, he became the leading defender of
religious toleration of England. He was imprisoned six
times for speaking out courageously. While in prison, he
wrote one pamphlet after another which gave quakers
literature and attacked intolerance. In 1682, he
legislated the Quaker’s “Great Law” – a more or quite
humane law compared with harsh colonial codes in
force at the time as a punishment for serious crime. In
1718, one day after his death, Quaker code gave way to
English Anglican Code, a harsher code.
oPOPE CLEMENT XI – in 1704 he built Hospice of San
Michelle – a reformatory fro delinquent boys used to
this date. He placed an inscription over the door. It is
insufficient to restrain the wicked by punishment them
virtuous by corrective discipline.
oCHARLES LOUIS de SECONDAT, BARON DELA BREDE ET
DE MONTESQUIEU (1689-1755) – he inherited the seat
in the Parliament of Bordeaux, France, and was active in
politics and writing for most of his life. By far, his most
influential work is “On the Spirit of the Laws – 1748”,
which presented his analysis the nature believed that
harsh punishment would undermine morality and that
appealing to moral sentiment was better means of
preventing crime. He was credited to have introduced
the idea of “separation of powers” in the government
to the following executive, for the enforcement of laws;
legislative for the making of laws, and the interpretation
and scrutiny of laws.

oFRANCOIS MARIE AROUET (pen name VOLTAIRE)

1694-1778 – a French author and philosopher who
believed that fear of shame is a deterrent to crime. He
was born on November 21, 1694 in Paris, whose wit,
intelligence and keen sense of justice made him one of
France’s greatest writers and philosophers. He was
however an ardent critic of church, as such, Voltaire
was denied burial church ground.

oDENNIS DESIDEROT (1718-1784) – French encyclopedic

and philosopher whose encyclopedia became a force
for a change in the 18th century. Like Montesquieu and
Votaire, he was also imprisoned fro denouncing
orthodox religion in his work “Letters fro the Blind”.

oCESARE BONESANA MARCHESE DI BECCARIA (1738-

1794) – founder of the Classical School of Criminology.
As a Milanese lawyer, published short treaties “On
Crimes and Punishments” at the age of 26. It was the
most exciting essay on law of the 18th century.

oJEREMY BENTHAM – devised the Panopticon

Inspection House.
UTILITARIANISM – a principle introduced by Jeremy
Bentham claiming that individuals put every situation
into an equation to determine the pleasure from the
commission of a crime and pain that will sustain be as a
consequence. Law should be used to inflict enough pain
to offenders for them to cease from committing crime.
oSIR SAMUEL ROMILY (1757-1818) – a follower of
Bentham who pressed for the construction of the first
modern English prison, the Milbank Prison in 1816.

oJEAN JACQUES VILAIN – in 1773, he built the Maison

de Foce (stronghouse). He is one of the first who
developed the sys
Criminology Review PH
Correctional Administraion Notes 📝
Historical Perspective of Corrections:
13th Century – Securing Sanctuary
- In the 13th century, a criminal could avoid punishment
by claiming refuge in a church for a period of 40 days.
16th Century – Transportation of criminals in England
was authorized. At the end of this century, Russia and
other European Countries followed this system. This
practice was abandoned in 1835.
Gaols - (jails) – the description given to pretrial
detention facilities operated by English sheriff in
England during the 18th century.
Galleys – long, low, narrow, single decked ships
propelled by sails,usually rowed by criminals. A type of
ship used for transportation of criminals in the 16th
century.
Hulks – these are former warships used to house
prisoners in the 18th and 19th century.
- These were abandoned warships converted into
prisons as means of relieving congestion of prisons.
They were called as the floating hells.
Ordeal – is the church’s substitute for a trial until the
13th century wherein guilt or innocence was
determined by the ability of the accused of being
unscathed through dangerous and painful test.
Charlemagne (Carolus Magnus)– gave
bishops the power to act as real judges which enabled
bishop tribunal to rule on secular matters.
- King of Franks and Roman
Emperor.
EARLY CODES:
1. Babylonian and Sumerian CodesCode of King
Hammurabi
(Hammurabic Code) – Babylon, credited as the oldest
code prescribing savage punishment. But in fact,
Sumerian codes were nearly 100 years older.
2. Roman and Greek Codes
a. Justinian Code – 6th century AD, Emperor Justinian of
Rome wrote his code of law. An effort to match a
desirable amount of punishment to all possible crimes.
However, the
law did not survive due to the fall of the Roman Empire
but left a foundation of Western Legal codes.
The Twelve Tables (451-450 BC) –represented the
earliest codification of Roman law incorporated into the
Justinian code.
b. Greek Code of Draco – Greece, a
harsh code that provides the same punishment for both
citizens and the slaves as it incorporates primitive
concepts.
- The Greeks were the first to allow any citizen to
prosecute the offender in the name of the
injured party.
3. The Burgundian Code (500 AD) –it specified
punishment according to the social class of
offenders, dividing them into: Nobles, Middle class and
Lower class and specifying the value of the life of each
person according to social status.
EARLY PRISONS
• Mamertine Prison – the only early Roman place of
monfinement which is built under the main sewer of
Rome in 64 B.C.
Bridewell (1557) – the most popular workhouse in
London which was built for the employment and
housing of English prisoners.
- used for locking up vagrants,beggars, prostitutes and
other misfits
Saint Bridget’s Well – England’s first
house of correction.
Walnut Street Jail – originally constructed as a
detention jail in Philadelphia. It was converted into a
state prison and became the first
American Penitentiary.
Hospicio de San Michelle –the first home for delinquent
boys ever established. Built by Pope Clement XI in Rome
for housing incorrigible
youths under 20 years of age.
The Pioneers:
1. William Penn (1614-1716)
He is the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as
correctional treatment for major offenders.
He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty
and torture as a form of punishment.He fought for
religious freedom and individual rights
2. Charles Montesquieu
(Charles Louis Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de
Montesiquieu – 1689 –1755)
A French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as
an expression of justice. He believed that harsh
punishment would undermine morality and that
appealing to moral sentiments as a better means of
preventing crime.
3. VOLTAIRE
(Francois Marie Arouet, 1694-1778)
• He believes that fear of shame was a
deterrent to crime. He fought the legality-sanctioned
practice of torture.
4. Cesare Beccaria (Cesare Bonesa,
Marchese de Beccaria, 1738-1794)
- He wrote an essay entitled “ An Essay on Crimes and
Punishment”. This book became famous as the
theoretical basis for the great reforms in the field of
criminal law. This book also provided a starting point for
the classical school of criminal law and criminology.
5. Jeremy Bentham – (1748-1832)
• the greatest leader in the reform of English Criminal
Law. He believes that whatever punishment designed to
negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives
from crime, the crime rate would go down.
• He devise the ultimate PANOPTICON
PRISON– a prison that consists of a large circular
building containing multi cells around the periphery but
it was never built.
6. John Howard (1726-1790) – the “Great
Prison Reformer”
• The sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his
life and fortune to prison reform. After his findings on
English Prisons, he recommended the following:
• single cells for sleeping
• segregation of women
• segregation of youth
• provision of sanitation facilities
• abolition of the fee system by which jailers obtained
money from prisoner
7. Alexander Macanochie – He is the Superintendent of
the penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia (1840)
who introduced the Mark System. A progressive
humane system in which a prisoner is required to earn a
number
of marks based on proper department, labor and study
in order to entitle him for ticket for leave or conditional
release which is similar to parole.
*Macanochie’s Mark System cosnsist of 5 stages:
1. Strict custody upon admission to the penal colony
2. Work on government gangs
3. Limited freedom on the island within
a prescribed area
4. Ticket of leave
5. Full restoration of liberty
8. Manuel Montesimos – The Director of Prisons in
Valencia Spain (1835) who divided the number of
prisoners into companies and appointed certain
prisoners as petty officers in charge, which allowed
good behavior to prepare the convict for gradual
release.
• 9. Domets of France –Established an agricultural
colony for delinquent boys in 1839 providing
housefathers as in charge of these boys.
10. Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise – The Director of the English
Prison who opened the Borstal
institution for young offenders.
• Borstal Institution – is considered
as the best reform institution
for young offenders today.
• 11. Walter Crofton – he is the director of the Irish
Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish
system that was modifies from the Macanochie’s mark
system.
12. Zebulon Brockway – the Director of the Elmira
Reformatory in New York (1876) who introduced certain
innovational programs like the following training school
type,compulsory education of prisoners,casework
methods, extensive use of parole, indeterminate
sentence.
•The Elmira Reformatory – considered as the
forerunner of modern penology because it had all the
elements of a modern system.
13. Jean Jacques Philippe Villain –founded the Maison
de Force in Gent, Belgium. He introduced:
a. felons and misdemeanants should be separated and
b. women and children must have separate quarters
14. Fred T. Wilkinson- the last warden of
Alcatraz Prison
15. James Bennet – director of Federal Bureau of
Prisons who wrote about the closing of Alcatraz Prison.
•Alcatraz Prison
- opened in 1934, closed on March 31, 1963 but it was
costly on operation. When it closed, it has 260 inmates.
- now, a tourist destination in New York.
•Australia – the place which was a penal colony before
it became a country.
- convicted criminals in England were transported to
Australia, a colony of Great Britain when transportation
was adopted in 1790 to 1875
Two Rival Prison System in the History of Corrections:
1. The Auburn Prison System –also known as the
“Congregate System”
- The prisoners are confined in their own cells during
the night and congregate work in shops
during the day. Complete silence was enforced.
2. The Pennsylvania Prison
System – also known as the “Solitary System”
- Prisoners are confined in single cells day and night
where they lived, slept, ate and receive religious
instructions. Complete silence was also required.
- Prisoners are required to read the bible
• CORRECTIONS
- The branch of the administration of Criminal Justice
charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
- The fourth pillar of the CJS
- Considered as the weakest pillar of
the CJS
* 2 FORMS OF CORRECTIONS
1. INSTITUTIONALIZED CORRECTION
- The rehabilitation of offenders in jail or prison.
2. COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTION
- Refers to correctional activities that may take place
within the community.
* PURPOSES OF CONFINEMENT:
 To segregate offenders from society;
and
 To rehabilitate him so that upon his
return to the society he shall be
responsible and law abiding citizen.
*2 legal grounds for detaining a person:
1. commission of a crime
2. violent insanity or any other ailment that needs
compulsory confinement in a hospital.
*Admission Procedures in Prison:
1. receiving;
2. Checking commitment papers;
3. Establishing identity of the prisoner;
4. Searching the prisoner;
5. Assignment to quarters
*Quarantine Unit or Cell:
it is a unit or cell in the prison or jail or a section of the
RDC where the prisoners are given thorough physical
examination including blood test, x-rays, inoculation
and vaccination.
*Purpose:to insure that the new prisoner is not
suffering from any contagious disease
which might be transferred to other
prisoners.
 PRE-RELEASE TREATMENT
It is the program specifically designed and given to a
prisoner, during a limited period, prior to his release, in
order to give him an opportunity to adjust himself from
the regimented group like in prison to the normal,
independent life of a free individual.
INSTITUTIONAL CUSTODY, SECURITY
AND CONTROL
Aims of institutional security:
1. To prevent escape;
2. To control entry of contrabands;
3. Maintenance of good order
CUSTODY – Defined as the guarding of penal
safekeeping. It involves security measures, locking and
counting routines,produces for searching prisoners and
their living quarters, and prevention of contraband.
CONTROL – It involves supervision of prisoners to insure
punctual and orderly movement to and from the
dormitories,places of work, church, hospitals, and
recreational facilities in accordance with the daily
schedule.
Contraband
- anything that is contrary to prison rules and
regulations
*Prison Discipline – it is the continuing state
of good order and behavior in prison. It includes the
maintenance of good standards of work, sanitation,
safety, education, personal health and recreation.
 PREVENTION DISCIPLINE – Involves prompt correction
of minor deviations before they become serious
violations, which may be dealt with a reprimand or
warning and is used when the deviation is:
 trivial
 due to ignorance or lack of
understanding; or
 the result of careless or faulty habits.
DIVERSIFICATION
Is an administrative device of correctional institutions of
providing varied and flexible types of physical plants for
the effective control of the
treatment programs of its diversified population.
Diversification may be done either:
a. By a building special institution for different
classed of prisoners which is more desirable since it
provides proper segregation of groups and more
effectiveexecution of the treatment program, or
b. Providing separate facilities within a single
institution itself, that is, big institution may
be broken into smaller units.
FACTORS CONSIDERED IN DIVERSIFICATION
a. AGE
b. SEX
c. MEDICAL OR MENTAL CONDITIONS
d. DEGREE OF CUSTODY – the most
common used factor in diversification
*RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER
(RDC)
This is a special unit of prison where new prisoners
undergo diagnostic examination, study and observation
for determining the program of treatment and training
best suited to their needs and the institution to which
they should be transferred.
RDC’s STAFF
 PSYCHIATRISTS
 PSYCHOLOGISTS
 SOCIOLOGISTS
 EDUCATIONAL COUNSELOR
 VOCATIONAL COUNSELOR
 CHAPLAIN
 MEDICAL OFFICER
 COSTODIAL CORRECTIONAL
The classification process:
*Classification- The assigning or grouping of inmates
according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality,
health, criminal records, dangerousness, etc.
* FOUR SEPARATE BUT COORDINATED PROCEDURES OF
CLASSIFICATION
1. DIAGNOSIS – the prisoners’ case history is taken and
his personality studied. Through examination and
observations, the RDC’s staff
determines the nature and extent of the person’s
criminality and the extent to which he may be
rehabilitated.
2. TREATMENT PLANNING – this is the formulation of a
tentative treatment program best suited to the needs
and interest of an individual prisoner, based on the
findings of the RDC’s staff.
3. EXECUTION OF TREATMENT PROGRAM - this is in the
application of the treatment program and policies by
the classification committee.
4. RE-CLASIFICATION – the treatment program is kept
current with the inmates changing needs and with new
analysis, based on any information not available at the
time of the initial classification committee meeting of
the inmate’s case,which continues from the time of the
first
classification until the inmates is released.
Prison – an institution for the imprisonment of persons
convicted by final judgment and
with a penalty of more than 3 years.
*note: all inmates here are all convicted
*Note: the population of jail and prison including penal
farms and colonies except the personnel are called
inmates, prisoners with the exception of jails whose
inmates are undergoing trial of their respective cases
are called detainees.
•Bureau of Prisons- Have the general supervision and
control of national, provincial prisons and all penal
settlements and is charged with the safekeeping of all
prisoners confined therein.
•Bilibid PrisonBuilt on 1847. It became the central
confinement for all Filipino offenders
by virtue of the Royal Decree of the Spanish Crown.
(May Haligui Estate)
•1936
City of Manila exchange its Muntinlupa property
composed of 552 hectares piece of land with the
Bureau of Prisons lot in Manila.
• N.B. Bilibid Prison is now being used by the
Manila City Government as Manila City Jail
E.O. 292 – otherwise known as Revised Administrative
Code of 1987
 Sections 1705 – 1751, Revised Administrative Code of
1987
1. The Prison Law in the Philippines- It renamed the
Bureau of Prisons to Bureau of Corrections (under
Department of justice)
- Maximum - orange or Tangerine
(NBP main Building)
- Medium- Blue (camp sampaguita)
- Minimum (Brown)
- Only the New Bilibid Prison and CIW confine death
convicts.
- all the prison and penal farms have minimum, medium
and maximum security facilities
*New Bilibid Prison – located in Muntinlupa City.2
Satellites:
1. Camp Bukang Liwayway (Minimum Security Camp) –
house minimum custody prisoners who work in various
projects of the institution.
2. Camp Sampaguita (Medium Security Camp) – house
medium security prisoners- where RDC is located
2. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
- Founded by Captain Ramon Blanco of the Spanish
Royal Army. It was established for the confinement of
Filipino Political offenders. (Located in Zamboanga del
Sur)
- Has an area of 1,246 hectares.
- established on August 21, 1869.
3. Iwahig Penal Colony and Farm
- Founded by Governor Forbes (Established) who led the
first contingent of prisoners. It was used originally for
the confinement of incorrigibles and intractable
prisoners.In 1905, it was reconverted for the
confinement of well behave and tractable prisoners.
(Reorganization Act 1407)
- It has a land total area of 36,000 hectares.
- Established on Nov. 16, 1904
* IUHIT -the Iuhit penal settlement (now Iwahig Prison
and Penal Farm)
- palawan puerto Prinsesa
- Prison without wall
- Gov.Wright (suggest)
- Tagumpay Settlement
* 4 sub-colonies of the Iwahig penal Colony and Farm.
a. Inagawan Sub-colony
b. Montible Sub-colony
c. Santa lucia Sub-colony
d. Central Sub-colony
4. Camp Bukang liwayway Davao Penal Colony
(January 21, 1932)
-Founded by Gen. Paulino Santos. Created
by virtue of act 3732 and Proclamation 414
series of 1931.
-Mostly devoted to abaca and banana plantation.
-In 1942, it was used as a concentration
camp for American Prisoners of War
-The main source of income of the Bureau of
Corrections. It consist of 18,000 hectares
5. Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm
-Founded on Sept. 27, 1954 by virtue of
Proclamation Number 72 dated September 27, 1954.
-It consists of 16,000 hectares in Sablayan,
Occidental, Mindoro
6. Leyte regional Prison (Abuyog,Leyte)
- established on January 16, 1973
during the martial law with the aim of regionalizing
prisons in the country.
-youngest prison
7. Correctional Institution for Women
(Found in Mandaluyong City)
- It was established in 1931 by virtue of Act
3579 passed on November 27, 1929
- Consists of 18 hectares
- women's prison
The oldest prison in the Philippines is the Fort Santiago
in Manila.
Who is a Prisoner?
- a person committed to jail or prison by a competent
authority for any of the ff: reasons:
1. to serve a sentence after conviction
2. trial
3. investigation
* Classification of Prisoners:
1. Sentenced prisoners – those who are convicted by
final judgment and under the jurisdiction of a penal
institution.
2. Detention Prisoners – those who were detained for
the violation of law and have not yet convicted.
3. Those who are on safekeeping.
*.Classification of sentenced prisoners:
1. Insular/national prisoners – sentenced
to more than 3 years or a fine of more than 1,000or
both.
2. City prisoners – sentenced to less than
3 years or a fine of less than 1,000 or both.
3. Provincial prisoners – 6 months and 1
day to 3 years or a fine not more than 1,000 or both.
4. Municipal prisoners – not more than 6
months
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO DEGREE
OF CUSTODY/DANGEROUSNESS
1. Maximum Security – This shall include highly
dangerous or high security risk as determined by the
classification board who require a high degree of
control.
* Who are Maximum Security Prisoners
 Those sentenced to death
 Those whose minimum sentence is 20 years
imprisonment
 Remand inmates or detainees whose sentence is 20
years and above and those whose sentence is under
review by the SC
 Those with pending cases Who are Maximum Security
Prisoners
 Recidivists, habitual delinquents and escapees
 Those confined at the RDC
 Those under disciplinary punishment or safekeeping
 Those who are criminally insane or with sever
personality disorders or emotional disorders
2. Medium Security
- This shall include those who cannot be trusted in less
secured areas and those whose conduct or behavior
require minimum supervision.
* Who are Medium Security Prisoners
 Those whose minimum sentence is less than 20 years
imprisonment
 Remand inmates or detainees whose sentences are
below 20 years
 Those who are 18 years of age and below, regardless
of the case and sentence
 Those who have 2 or more records of escapes. They
are classified as medium security if they have served 8
years since they were recommitted. Those with one
record of escape must serve 5 years.
 First offenders sentenced to life imprisonment. They
can be classified as medium security if they have served
5 years in a maximum security prison or less, upon the
recommendation of the
superintendent.
3. Minimum Security
- This shall include those who can be reasonably trusted
to serve their sentences under less restricted
conditions.
Who are Minimum Security Prisoners
 Those with severe physical handicap as certified by
the chief medical officer of the prison
 Those who are 65 years of age and above,
without pending case and whose convictions are not on
appeal
 Those who have serve ½ of their minimum
sentence or 1/3 of their maximum sentence,
excluding GCTA
 Those who have 6 months more to serve before the
expiration of their maximum sentence.
Color of Uniforms of Inmates as to Security
Classification
 Maximum Security – tangerine/orange
 Medium Security – blue
 Minimum Security –brown
 Detainee - gray
Prohibited Acts in Prison:
1. Participating in illegal sexual acts or placing
himself in situations or behavior that will encourage the
commission of illegal sexual
acts;
2. Openly or publicly displaying photographs,
pictures, drawings, or other pictorial representations of
persons engaged in sexual
acts, actual or simulated, masturbation,
excretory functions or lewd or obscene
exhibitions of the genitals;
3. Possessing articles which pose a threat to
prison security or to the safety and well
being of the inmates and staff;
4. Giving gifts, selling or engaging in barter
with prison personnel;
5. Maligning or insulting any religious belief
or group;
6. Rendering personal services to or
requiring personal services from a fellow
inmate;
7. Gambling, etc.
PUNISHMENT IMPOSED IN DISCIPLINARY CASES:
1. Solitary confinement – applicable in extreme case
specially when there is danger that the prisoner may
hurt himself or others.
2. Locking in his cell with loss of yard privileges
3. Loss of privileges such as visiting, correspondence
and other privileges
4. Transfer to another institution
5. Assignment to a disciplinary squad
for manual labor
6. Counsel and reprimand – imposed in
trivial cases
7. Loss of Good Conduct Time Allowance
GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE (GCTA)
- A reward for good conduct whereby a prisoner
receives partial reduction of his prison sentence.
*The Prisoner is entitled to reduction of:
a. 5 days each month of good behavior during his first 2
years
b. 8 days each month of good behavior during his 3rd to
5th years
c. 10 days each month during his 6th to 10th years
d. 15 days each month reduction during the 11th and
succeeding years.
* Act No. 3316
– The law that provides for the formal basis for the
grant of GCTA for prisoners
*SPECIAL TIME ALLOWANCE FOR LOYALTY
- A deduction of 1/5 of the period of his sentence shall
be granted to any prisoner who having evaded the
service of his sentence under circumstances mentioned
in Art. 158 of the RPC, gives himself up to the
authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of
proclamation announcing the passing away of calamity,
catastrophe such as earthquake, conflagration, mutiny,
etc.
* Ground for Increasing Penalty
- 1/5 of the remaining sentence of the prisoner shall be
added to his sentence if he fails to surrender himself to
the authority when he escape from prison under
circumstances enumerated in Art. 158 of the RPC.
Provided, however, that the added sentence should not
exceed 6 months.
* Plans for Emergency in PrisonProcedures in dealing
with riots or disturbances
a. At the sound of the first alarm, all inmates
shall be locked up inside their respective cells/quarters.
Inmate work crew shall immediately returned to the
prison compound or previously designated areas for
accounting and confinement after a head.
b. If the disturbance occurs during visiting hours, all
visitors shall immediately ushered out of prison
compound or if this is not possible, brought to a pre-
determined area inside said compound. In the latter
case, the visitors shall not be allowed to leave the said
area or the compound until disturbance has ceased and
the inmates have been properly identified.
c. At the same time, all guards who are not on duty shall
be directed to immediately report to the desk officer.
All critical posts shall be manned to prevent escapes.
The most senior guard present shall take command of
the custodial force and make assessment of the
situation.
d. All telephone calls to and from the prison
compound shall be controlled
e. Based on the assessment of the prevailing
condition by the OIC, he may deploy the guards
in the following groups:
1. 1st Group – the initial wave of anti-riot contingent
whose purpose is to disperse rioters. They are armed
with wicker shields, headgears, gas masks and batons.
2. 2nd Group – equipped with teargas guns and gas
grenades.
3. 3rd Group – trained in proper handling and use of
firearms.
*After the riot, the following procedure shall be
followed:
a. Conduct head count
b. Segregate ringleaders and agitators
c. Assess and determine the damage to the facilities
d. Investigate the cause of the riot
e. Repair damages
f. Adopt measures to prevent similar incident
g. Administer first aid to the injured
h. Submit a report of the incident to
the secretary
• Jails
- An institution for the confinement of persons who are
awaiting final disposition of their criminal cases and also
for the service of those convicted and punished with
shorter sentence usually up to three years.
* CATEGORIES OF INMATES CONFINED IN JAIL
a. Those awaiting/undergoing investigation
b. Those who are awaiting/undergoing trial
c. Those who are awaiting final judgment
d. Those who are serving short sentences
up to three years
* Types of Jail
1. Lock-up jail – is a security facility for the temporary
detention of person held for investigation or awaiting
preliminary hearing.
2. Ordinary jail – houses both offenders awaiting court
action and those serving short sentences usually up to 3
years.
3. Workhouse jail farm or camp –houses minimum
custody offenders serving short sentences with
constructive work programs.
• BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
(BJMP)
- It was created pursuant to Sec. 60, R.A.
6975. Headed by a Chief with the rank of
Director to be assisted by the Assistant
Chief of the Jail Bureau.
-It has the mission to direct, supervise and
control the administration and operation of
all district, city and municipal jails to effect a
better system of jail management
nationwide.
* Coverage of Supervision by the Jail Bureau
1. City jails
2. Municipal jails
3. District jails
* Qualifications of jail Officers assigned
in Key positions in the Bureau
A. Chief, BJMP
 Shall have the rank of director in the jail bureau;
 He must be a member of the Philippine Bar; or
a holder of Master’s Degree in national Security
Administration or any relevant Master’s Degree;
 He must have an adequate experience in positions of
responsibility and leadership of at least one year in each
of
the following fields:
a. operations
b. administration
B. Deputy Chief
 Shall have the rank of Chief Superintendent in the jail
bureau;
 A member of the Philippine bar; or
 A holder of relevant Master’s Degree; or
 A Baccalaureate Degree with at least 9 years
experience in jail or police work;
 He must have an adequate experience in positions of
responsibility and leadership of at least one year for
each field in the following:
-operations
-Administration
-ARD/Chief of Staff/Chief of Division, Central office
c. Assistant Regional Director
 Have the rank of Senior Superintendent;
 Must have undergone the Officer’s Executive career
Course or its equivalent;
 Must at least be a Bachelor’s Degree holder in law,
criminology, psychology, psychiatry, social work or
sociology;
 Must have previously assigned in supervisory position
in jail bureau.
d. Provincial Jail Administrator
 Have the rank of superintendent
 Must have undergone the Officer’s Executive Career
Course or its equivalent; must be a bachelor’s degree
holder, preferably in law, criminology, psychology,
psychiatry, social work or sociology;
 Have been previously assigned in
supervisory position in the jail bureau.
e. District Jail Warden
 Have the rank of Chief Inspector;
 A bachelor’s degree holder, preferably in law,
criminology, psychology, psychiatry, nursing, social
work or sociology;
 Must have undergone the Officer’s Advance Course or
its equivalent;
 Has been assigned in supervisory position in police or
jail service.
f. City and Municipal Jail Warden
 Shall have the rank of Chief Inspector
 Must be a bachelor’s degree holder, preferably in law,
criminology, psychology, nursing, social work or
sociology
 Has been assigned in supervisory position
in the police or jail service.
* Composition of Classification Board/Disciplinary Board
in Jail
 Chairman -Assistant Warden
 Members -Chief, security Officer
-Medical Officer/Public Health Officer
-Jail Chaplain
-Social Worker/Rehabilitation Officer
POWERS AND FUNCTIONSPRIVILEGES AND RIGHTS OF A
PERSON UNDER DETENTION
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)
 The Bureau of Corruption is tasked with the following
functions:
a. To confine persons who have been convicted of a
criminal offense by the courts to serve sentence in a
penal institution.
b. To provide correctional environment which seeks to
protect the physical and emotional well being of
offenders.
c. To provide humane treatment by affording them
human basic needs the correctional community and
prohibiting cruel methods rehabilitation.
d. To provide opportunities for rehabilitation
programs designed to change the offenders’
pattern of criminal or anti-social behavior.
e. To engage in agro-industrial endeavors to develop
penal farms into productive profit center that employs
offender manpower skills and labor and provide a
source of income to supplement
the Bureau’s financial outlet.
f. To perform other functions that maybe directed by
the Secretary of Justice of other competent authorities.
 BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
(BJMP)
 The BJMP shall exercise supervision and control over
all district, city and municipal jails to ensure “a secured,
clean, sanitary and adequately equipped jail for the
custody and safekeeping of city and municipal
prisoners, any fugitive from justice or persons detained
awaiting investigationor trial and/or transfer to the
National Penitentiary, and any violent, mentally-ill
persons who endangers himself or others.”
 PRIVELEGES OF DETENTION AND SENTENCED
PRISONERS
Detainees may enjoy the following privileges:
1. To wear their own clothes while in confinement;
2. To write letter, subject to reasonable
censors, provided expenses shall be borne
by them;
3. To receive visitors during daytime;
4. To receive books, letters, magazines, newspapers and
other periodicals that the jail authorities may allow.
5. To be treated by the Health Services or by
their own doctor or dentist at their own
expense upon proper application and
approval.
6. To be treated in a government or private hospital,
provided it is authorized by the court at their own
expense.
7. To request free legal aid if available and enjoy the
right to be visited by their counsel anytime.
8. To grow hair in their customary style provided it is
decent and allowed by the rules.
9. To receive fruits prepared food, subject to
inspection and conformity by the jail officials.
10. To smoke cigarettes, except in prohibited
places;
11. To read books and other reading materials
available in the jail premises; and
12. To perform such other works as may be
necessary for hygienic and sanitary purposes.
Except for the wearing of prescribed prisoners uniform,
all the privileges of detainees mentioned above may be
enjoyed by sentenced prisoners.
* RIGHTS OF PERSON UNDER DETENTION
 The right to be assisted by counsel of his own choice
at all times.
 Right to be informed of his right to remain silent.
 Right to be visitation by any member of his
immediate family or any medical doctor or priest or
religious ministers chosen by him or any member of his
immediate family, or by his counsel or by any national
non-governmental
organizations duly accredited by the CHR or byany
institution and non-governmental organizations duly
accredited by the office of the President.
Definition of Terms
 Penal Management – refers to the manner or practice
of managing or controlling place of punishment or jail.
 Correction – it is the study of jail/prison
management and administration as well as
rehabilitation and reformation of prisoners and
detainees.
 Penology – a branch of criminology which deals with
management and administration of
inmates.
 Jail – a place of confinement for inmates
under investigation, awaiting or
undergoing trial or serving sentence.
 Rehabilitation – a program of activity
directed to restore an inmate’s self-respect thereby
making him a law-abiding citizen after serving his
sentence.
 Safekeeping – the temporary custody of a
person for his own protection, safety or care; and or his
security from harm, injury or danger for the liability he
has committed.
 Inmate – Either a prisoner or detainee confined in jail.
 Detainee – a person accused before a court or
competent authority who is temporarily confined in jail
while undergoing investigation, awaiting final
judgement.
 Prisoner – an inmate who is convicted by
final judgement and classified as insular,provincial, city
or municipal prisoner.
 Commitment – means the entrusting for confinement
of an inmate to a jail by competent court or authority
for investigation, trial and/or service of sentence.
 Commitment Order – a written order of the
court or any other competent authority consigning an
offender to a jail or prison
for confinement.
 Mittimus – a warrant issued by the court
bearing its seal and the signature of the judge directing
the jail or prison authorities to receive the convicted
offender for service of sentence or detention.
 Detention Mittimus – is an order issued by
a competent court addressed to the jailer or
prison officer to receive a person for having
committed a criminal offense for safe
custody, subject to the order of the court.
 Sentence Mittimus – is an order of a
competent court, addressed to the jailer or
prison officer to receive a person after conviction from
the offense charged to serve a penalty of imprisonment
or subsidiary imprisonment as the case may be.
 Contraband – any article, item, or thing prohibited by
law and/or forbidden by the jail rules.
 Escape – an act of getting out unlawfully from
confinement or custody by an inmate.
- includes not only actually leaving the institution or
grounds thereof by a detainee or prisoner but also
being “out of the place”at any time since the latter
maybe tantamount to attempting to escape.
 Instrument of Restraint – a device, contrivance, tool
or instrument used to holdback, keep in, check or
control an inmate; e.g. handcuffs, leg irons.
 Classification – refers to the assigning or
grouping of inmates according to their sentence,
gender, age, nationality, health,criminal records, etc.
 Custody – – is the maintenance of care and
protection accorded to people who by authority of law
are temporarily incarcerated for violation of law and
also those who were sentenced by the court to serve
judgment.
Security – is the task given to jail or prison
administrators and custodial force personnel to secure
the entire establishment and to keep under constant
watch the movements of inmates or wards purposely to
avoid involvement of
detainees or prisoners for possible commission of
crimes and foremost to prevent any mass jail breaks ad
bloody gangwars among them while under
confinement.
 Control – is the systematic measures taken in
ensuring that the movement of inmates are in
accordance with the standing policies, rules
and regulations granted by the court, authorities or
administrators at all times.
 Degree of Custody – extent or strict keeping or
charges necessary for a person in confinement.
 Lock –up – security facilities manned by the
PNP, as their temporary jail facilities.
 Disorders – it refers to fighting or causing a
disturbance or a riot and also other behaviors such s ;
connivance, politicking, threatening or putting in fear.
 Good Conduct Time Allowance – are rewards for good
conduct or behavior, whereby a prisoner receives
partial remission or reduction of his sentence.
 Diagnostic Treatment – the process of
treating a person after determining by
examination or study the nature and
circumstances of his condition.
 Homosexual – a person with sexual feeling for a
person of the same sex, with an impulse towards genital
expression.
 Proselytizing – to convert or induce another
to change his religious belief or sect.
 Sex Deviates – person who commits abnormal sex
practices sometimes caused by physical, grandular and
mental differences.
 Sick Call – the time when prisoner affected
with any disorder of health or illness will report to a
physician for examination or treatment.
 Suicide Risk – a prisoner/detainee prone of
taking his own life.
 Tattooing – the act of pricking and making
mark patterns on the skin with indelible pigment.
 Straight Jacket – an outer covering or coat
designed to fasten the body for the purpose
of restricting the movement of a boisterous
or unruly person.
 Inmate’s Privilege – a special right or power
conferred on or possessed by one or more
individuals, in derogation of the general right. It is a
peculiar benefit or favor not enjoyed by all.
- is something allowed or provided at the discretion of
the Prison Authority and it should be earned.
 Inmate’s Rights – is something the prison
must allow to provide; it must be assured because it is
inherent in the “Great and
Essential Principles of Liberty and Free
Government”.
NOTES:
1. RA 7659 – reimposition of death penalty
on heinous crimes
2. RA 8177 – designating death by lethal
injection as the method of carrying out
death penalty