Law Enforcement

- Its function is to conduct investigation on the alleged crime

committed by a person, to arrest or detain violator of the penal law or
an ordinance , to effect the warrant issued by the court and to assist
the complainant to file case.
Prosecution

Its function is to evaluate the findings of the police submitted to their

office, to conduct preliminary investigation, to receive the complaint
filed by the victim and to be responsible to file information to the court
and to act a legal prosecutor of the offended party.
Court
Correction--- weakest component of the CJS

Community

• Non formal component of the Criminal Justice System

• Its function is the help and coordinate the program of the government
specifically on the maintenance of peace and order
 CORRECTIONS
Is that branch of administration of
criminal justice charged with the
responsibility for the custody, supervision
and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
 CORRECTIONS
--A branch of administration of the Criminal Justice System
concerned with the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders.

-- It is that field of criminal justice administration which utilizes

the body of knowledge and practices of the government and
the society in general involving the processes of handling
individuals who have been convicted of offenses for purposes
of crime prevention and control.
INSTITUTIONAL CORRRECTION NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION

-refers to prisons and refer to that method of correcting

sentenced offenders without having
jails to go to prison.

=Community based corrections

 PENOLOGY
- The study of punishment for crime or of criminal
offenders. It includes the study of control and
prevention of crime through punishment of
criminal offenders.

- The term is derived from the Latin word

“POENA” which means pain or suffering.
 PUNISHMENT
Old French-Puniss, an extended form of “punir”---to punish

From Latin “punier”- inflict penalty on, cause pain for some offense

Earlier “poenire” from Poena- penalty, punishment of great loss.

Inspired by the Phoenecian method of execution by means of crucifixion

The Carthaginian crosses were called “Signae poena”

PUNISHMENT
The authoritative imposition of something negative or uNpleasant on a
person or animal in response to behavior deemed wrong by an
individual or group .

• The authority may be either a group or a single person

• May be carried out

• formally under a system of law or
• informally in other kinds of settings such as within a family.
In common usage, punishment might be described as

• “ an authorized imposition of deprivations of—freedom, privacy,

other goods to which the person otherwise has a right, or

• the imposition of special burdens – because the person has been

found guilty of some criminal violation, typically (though not
invariably) involving harm to the innocent.
ANCIENT FORM OF PUNISHMENT
• Banishment or exile

• Banishment--the punishment of being sent away from a country or

other place.

• Exile--the state of being barred from one's native country, typically for
political or punitive reasons.
 ANCIENT FORM OF PUNISHMENT
• Blood feuds- a lengthy conflict between families involving a cycle of retaliatory
killings or injury.

• Lex talionis (law of retaliation)

• Execution (capital punishment / death penalty

• Corporal Punishment--a punishment which is intended to cause physical pain

to a person. When it is inflicted on minors, especially in home and school settings,
its methods may include spanking or paddling. When it is inflicted on adults, it may
be inflicted on prisoners and slaves.