MODULE 1: OVERVIEW OF CORRECTION

Correction administration

Correction – It is the pillar of criminal justice that covers the penalization and rehabilitation of
offenders

As a Component of Criminal Justice

As a tier of Crime Prevention

Types of Crime Prevention

1. Primary prevention
- Effecting conditions of the physical and social environment that provide
opportunities for or precipitate criminal acts
2. Secondary Prevention
- Early identification of potential offenders and seeks to intervene before the
commission of illegal activity
3. Tertiary Prevention
- Dealing with actual offenders and intervention

Two types of Correction

- Institutional Correction
- Non-institutional Correction

Agencies of Correction in the Philippines

- Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

- Provincial Jails
- Parole and Probation Administration
- Bahay Pag-asa and Youth Center
- Bureau of Corrections
- Rehabilitation Centers for Drug Users
- Local Social Welfare Office and Barangay (Community Service)
MODULE 2: PUNISHMENT AND
SENTENCING
-Flogging
Punishment
-Brazen Bull
- Is a means of social control; a device to cause
people to become cohesive and to induce -Use of wheels
conformity

Capital punishments Public Humiliation

- also called death penalty, execution of an
offender sentenced to death after conviction by
a court of law of a criminal offense.
Ex:
-sawing
- a form of punishment whose main feature is
dishonoring or disgracing a person, usually an
offender or a prisoner, especially in a public
place.
-Pillory

-garotte -Docking stool

-Use of stocks
-Guillotine
-Shavings
-Premature burial

-Horse drawn quartered

-Firing squad Banishment and other similar punishment

-Transportation of prisoners
-Decapitation
-Banishment
-Burning at stake

-Stoning

-Hanging Contemporary Punishments

-Imprisonment
-Crucifixion
-Fines
-Dismemberment
-Parole
-Electric Chair
-Conditional pardon
-Use of Gas chamber
-Probation
Corporal Punishments
-Death Penalty
- the infliction of physical pain upon a person's
body as punishment for a crime or infraction. -Corporal punishment
Ex: -Banishment
-Torture -Community service
Justification of Punishment

- Retribution - punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act.

- Expiation/Atonement - the act of making amends or reparation for guilt or wrongdoing; atonement.

- Deterrence/exemplarity - the crime prevention effects of the threat of punishment

- Protection/social defense

- Reformation – The punish individual to change his behavior.

Constitutional provision for the imposition of punishment

Phil. Constitution Art III Section 1 Bill of rights

‘’No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without the due process of law nor shall be
deprived of equal protection of laws’’

Judicial Conditions of Penalty

- Must be productive of suffering

- Must be commensurate to the offense
- Must be personal
- Must be legal
- Must be certain
- Equal to all
- Must be correctional

Exemptions from punishments

- Minor as provided by RA 9344 as Amended

- People in whose circumstances is provided in Article 12 of the Revised Penal Code as Amended

Schools of Thought in Correction

Pre-Classical School

• Secular Theory of Punishment

• Judean-Christian theory

• Rise of Canonical School

• Individualization of Punishment

• Abuse of Judicial Individualization

Classical School

- The criminal is viewed as acting as a result of freewill and as being motivated by hedonism.
- Advocated by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham
- Beccaria's On Crimes and Punishment has influenced jurisprudence of Europian and Anglo
American

Principles proposed by Beccaria

- Laws should be used to maintain social contract.

- Only legislators should create laws.
- Judges should impose punishment only in accordance with the law.
- Judges should not interpret laws.
- Punishment should be based on the pleasure and pain pri nciple.
- Punishment should be based on the act, not on the actor.
- The punishment should be determined by the crime.
- Punishment should be prompt and effective.
- All people should be treated equally.
- Capital punishment should be abolished.
- The use of torture to gain confession should be abolished.
- It is better to prevent crimes than to punish criminals.

Utilitarianism

- Profound by Jeremy Bentham

- It assumes that all actions are calculated in accordance with their likelihood of bringing pleasure
and pain.
- He devised the pseudo-mathematical formula called "felicific calculu ", which views individuals
as human calculators who put all the factors into an equation before deciding whether a
particular crime worth committing or not.
- He argued that to deter individuals from committing crimes, the punishment, or pain, must be
greater than the satisfaction, or pleasure, he would gain from committing the crime.

Neo Classical School

- Modified the doctrine of free will by stating that free will of men may be affected by other
factors and crimes are committed due to some compelling reasons.
- These causes are pathology, incompetence, insanity or any condition that will make it
impossible for the individual to exercise free will entirely.
- It posits the exemption of an individual from criminal liability for insanity, lack of discernment
and similar conditions.
Positivist Approach

- Positivist theorists concentrated on the individual structures of a person, stated that people are
passive and controlled, whose behaviors are imposed upon them by biological, psychological
and environmental forces.
- Through the systematic application of the scientific method, the positivist seeks to uncover the
basic cause of crime and
- Once this is discovered, to prescribe appropriate treatment in order to cure the individual
criminal

Elements to the Positivistic Approach

- Application of the scientific method;

- The discovery and diagnosis of pathology;
- Treatment (therapy or correction).

Modern Clinical Approach

- Outgrowth of Biological and Psychological Positivist Approach Focuses on individual and one's
circumstances that became factors to criminality
- Treatment that is appropriate for person
SENTENCING

Sentence – The penalty a court imposes on a person convicted of crime

Goals of sentencing

- Revenge
- Retribution
- Just desserts – aims to eliminate the felon to the society
- Deterrence – Considers as warning to violators
- Incapitation – To deprive the person the opportunity to commit another crime
- Rehabilitation -
- Restoration – To be accepted by the society as a man that follows the law

Types of sentences

- Mandatory sentences - a sentence which provides a mandatory or minimum sentence when is

found guilty of a crime.
- Consecutive sentences - A consecutive sentence, or cumulative sentence, is one which does not
begin to run until the expiration of a prior sentence.
- Concurrent sentence - a type of sentence judges are able to give defendants convicted of more
than one crime. It means you will serve them at the same time.

Sentencing Models

- Indeterminate sentencing - in law, term of imprisonment with no definite duration within a

prescribed maximum. Eligibility for parole is determined by the parole authority.
- Determinate sentencing - is a jail or prison sentence that has a definite length and can't be
reviewed or changed by a parole board or any other agency.
- Guideline Sentencing –

Issues in sentencing applicable to Philippines

- Proportionality
- Equity
- Social debt

Factors affecting the sentencing

- Nature and gravity of offense

- Stages of felony (attempted, frustrated, consummated)
- Circumstances affecting criminal liability
- Plea-bargaining provision
- Cooperation as state witness
- Qualification of sentenced person to community based correction
MODULE 3: DEVELOPMENT OF CORRECTION

Penal Bondage
- Form of punishment on circa 1500 which includes all forms of incarceration
- Use as an alternative of court to corporal punishment
- Forced labor on public works and conscription to military was applied
- Penal servitude was around 1600s to 1700s in Germany and Switzerland

- The house of Correction 1550-1700

Emergence of Prison

Elements that Developed Prisons

- Philosophical shift from punishing the body to punishing the spirit

- Passage of laws preventing of anyone from imprisonment except criminals

Age of Enlightenment and Reforms

Enlightenment

- Intellectualism in Europe grows in response to barbaric system

- It lasted between 17th century to late 19th century
- It implied an attitude, a method of knowing based on observation, experience, and reason

Reformatory Movement

Charles de Montesquieu (1689 – 1755)

- Was a French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice
- He believed that harsh punishment would undermine morality and that appealing to moral
sentiments as a better means of preventing crimes

Voltaire (1694 – 1778)

REFORMERS

William Penn (1644 – 1718)

- The governor of the state of Pennsylvania initiated early reforms in their prison system
- He fought for religious freedom and individual rights
- Quaker leader of Pennsylvania
- Prison should be penitentiaries
John Howard (1726 – 1790)

- He was the sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform
- Prisoners must be segregated according to sex, age, and gravity of their offense
- The jailer or staff must be paid in order to prevent extortion to prisoners
- A chaplain and medical officer must be employed to address the spiritual and medical ne eds of
the prisoners
- Prisoners should be provided with clothing and foods
- Liquor should be prohibited in jail
- He designed the Milkbank Penitentiary (1812 – 1821) the first English prison
- He published a book in 1777 ‘’State of Prison’’

Beccaria and Bentham

- Beccaria published the book ‘’On crimes and Punishment’’

- Bentham advocate Utilitarianism, create the idea lated called as hedonistic calculus and inventor
panopticon

Sir Robert Peel (1788 – 1850)

- A british parliament and founder of London Metropolitan Police. He insist that punishment
should not be performed by police
- Law enforcers should not usurp the powers of court and avenge individual of state
- He legislated the Goal Act 1823. He aimed to reform British Jails. The law provides the
segregation of women detainees and to be supervised by female correctional personnel

Elizabeth Fry (1780 – 1845)

- Quaker and philanthropist, she visited the Newgate Jail in 1812

- Condition of Women in jail
- She formed association of ladies vying for reform in prisons. She argued that decent clothing,
cleanliness, warm orderly surroundings are important for women and how a prison should be
run.

Manuel Montesinos

- Director of Prisons at Valencia, he divided prisoners to companies, appointed as petty officers in

charge
- Allowed the reduction of inmate sentence by 1/3 after exhibiting good behavior
- He offered trade training to prepare convicts to society
Demets of France (Ferederic Auguste Demetz)

- Established agricultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839;

- Provided house father as in charge;
- Concentrated in re-educating upon their discharge

Alexander Macanochie

- Superintendent of Norfolk Island in Australia (1840)

- He introduced the progressive humane system known as Mark System, wherein the prisoners
was required to earn a number of mark based in proper department, labor, and study in order
to entitle him to a ticket of leave or conditional release which is similar to a parole

Sir Walter Crofton

- Director of Irish Prisons in 1854

- Introduced the Irish System (Progressive Stage System)
- The Irish System was gradually a modification of Maconochie’s work system and consisted of
four (4) stages:
1. Solitary confinement of prisons for 9 months, receiving reduced diet and monotous work
gradually progressing to a better treatment towards the end of the first stage
2. Assignment to a public works in associating with other convicts
3. Sending to place which was a sort a preparation for release where the prisoners worked
without custodial supervision. Exposing him to ordinary temptations of freedom and fin ally;
4. Release of the prisoner of the supervision under conditions equivalent to parole

Zebulon Brockway

- Superintendent of Elmira Reformatory in 1876

- Introduced programs for boys 16-30 years of age
- Under this program:
1. A new prisoner was classified as second grade
2. Promoted to first grade after six months of good behavior
3. Another six months of good behavior in the first grade qualified him for parole. However if
the prisoner conduct misconduct, he would be demoted to third conduct where he would
be required to show good behavior for one month before he could be re -classified to send
grade

Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise

- Director of English Prisons and opened the Borstal Institution

- Used individualize treatment for young offenders
- Today are considered as the best reform institution for young offenders
EARLY PRISONS

Walnut Street Jail

- The first American penitentiary (Philadelphia) adopting the principles of John Howard of
segregating offenders based on sex, age, and mental capacity

Pennsylvania Prisons System (Solitary Confinement)

- Late 18th century to early 18th century, it became a leading innovator in prisons operation
- The rival of auburn system during these times
- Based in the concept on solitary confinement and rendering labor
- Each cell has small exercise area to allow the prisoner to maintain physical condition to be more
valuable in production
MODULE 4: THE BUREAU OF JAIL AND MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

Jail

- Jails are facilities that is used to confine detainees or city/municipal prisoners

History

- Prior to year 1974, Jails are under respective Local Governments (Provincial, City, and Municipal)
- Jails in the Country became parts of Integrated Police Forces under various Presidential decrees
(circa 1974- 1975)
- Under the PD 765 creating the PC/INP, the Jail Management and Penology Services is a part of
civilian component together with police and fire services
- On January 2, 1991 R.A. 6975 was enacted created the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
- On March 10, 2004, R.A. 9263 was enacted that professionalized the BJMP and upgraded the
qualification and salaries and benefits of its personnel

Status of BJMP

- The BJMP is a Bureau under DILG; It controls all district, city and municipal jails
- Analogous with PNP and BFP, it is national in scope and civilian in character
- Funds of the Bureau and its personnel’s salaries are provided by the national government

Mandate

- BJMP is mandated to direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all
district, city and municipal jails nationwide with pronged tasks of safekeeping and development
of PDL

Functions

- In line with its mission the Jail Bureau endeavors to perform the following functions;
- Formulate policies and guidelines in the administration of all district, city, and municipal jails
nationwide;
- Implement strong security measures for the control of PDL;
- Provide the basic needs of PDL;
- Conduct activities for the development of PDL;
- Improve jail facilities; and
- Promote the general welfare development of personnel
Mission and Vision

Mission

- To provide humane safekeeping and developmental opportunities for Pe rsons Deprived of

Liberty (PDL) in the promotion of public safety

Vision

- By 2040, a world-class agency highly capable of providing humane safekeeping and

development opportunities for Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL)

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

Rank classification

- Jail Director
- Jail Chief Superintendent
- Jail Senior Superintendent
- Jail Superintendent
- Jail chief Inspector
- Jail Senior Inspector
- Jail Inspector
- Senior Jail Officer 4
- Senior Jail Officer 3
- Senior Jail Officer 2
- Senior Jail Officer 1
- Jail Officer 3
- Jail Officer 2
- Jail Officer 1

Qualifications of Uniformed Personnel pursuant to RA 9263 as amended

• Must not have been convicted by final judgement of an offense or crime involving moral turpitude;

• Must be at least one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) in height for males and fifty two
centimeters (1.52 m.) in height for females: Provided, That a waiver for height and age requirements
shall be automatically granted to applicants belonging to the cultural communities/indigenous peoples;
and*

• Must weight not more or less than five kilograms (5 kgs.) from the standard weight corresponding to
his/her height, age and sex;'
• new applicants must be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30 years of age:

* As amended by RA 11549

Manner of Appointment in BJMP

• Via recruitment for initial rank of J01

• Via lateral entry to the rank of Jail Inspector or Jail Senior Inspector

• Graduates of PNPA shall be automatically appointed to the rank of Jail Inspector

RANK MANNER OF APPOINTMENT

NCO - Appointed by RD/ Chief of BJMP
- Attested by CSC
Inspector – Superintendent - Appointed by Chief of BJMP
- Recommended by Immediate
supervisor
- Attested by CSC
Senior Supt. - Appointed by Sec. of DILG
- Recommended by Chief of BFP
- Attestation by CSC
Chief Supt. Director - Appointed by President
- Recommended by Sec. of DILG
- Endorsement from Chairman of CSC
 KEY POSITIONS MINIMUM RANK REQUIRED EDUCATION AND
REQUIREMENTS TRAINING
MUNICIPAL JAIL WARDEN SENIOR INSPECTOR 24 units in Master’s degree/ 2nd
year in LIB;
necessary training career
course
CITY JAIL CHIEF INSPECTOR 24 units in Master’s degree/ 2nd
year in LIB;
necessary training career
course
District Jail Warden, SUPERINTENDENT Graduate of Master’s Degree
Provincial Jail Administrator, Bachelor of Laws with necessary
Assistant Regional Director for training career course
Administration,
Assistant Regional Director for
Operations and Regional Chief of
Directorial Staff

Regional Director for Jail SENIPOR SUPERINTENDENT Graduate of Master’s Degree

Management and Penology and
Director of the Directorate of the
National Headquarters Office
Dep. Chief for Admin,
Dep. Chief for Operation
Chief of Directorial Staff
CHIEF OF BJMP
Bachelor of Laws with necessary
training course
CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT Member of Bar/graduate of
Master’s Degree with necessary
training career
course
DIRECTOR Member of Bar/graduate of
Master’s Degree with necessary
training career course

Professionalization and Qualifications Upgrading Program

SEC. 8. Professionalization and Qualifications Upgrading Program.

- The DILG shall design and establish a professionalization and qualifications upgrading program for the
uniformed personnel of the BFP and the BJMP in coordination with the CSC and the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED) through an off campus education program or other similar programs within
ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this Act.

-RA 9263
TRANING PROGRAMS OFFERED BY NJMPTI

PROGRAMS QUALIFIED PERSONNEL

JAIL BASIC RECRUIT COURSE NEWLY RECRUITED JO1
PUBLIC SAFETY JUNIOR LEADERSHIP COURSE JO2
JAIL OFFICERS CANDIDATE COURSE SJO4
JAIL OFFICERS ORIENTATION COURSE QUALIFIED CIVILIAN FOR LATERAL ENTRY
JAIL OFFICERS BASIC COURSE JAIL INSPECTOR
JAIL OFFICERS ADVANCE COURSE JAIL SENIOR INSPECTOR
BSPS CEDETS OF PPSA/PNPA

Masters Degrees offered by PPSC

• Master in Public Safety Administration

• Master in Crisis and Disaster Risk Management

Attrition System

- Paragraph C (4) Section 9 (Attrition System for the Uniformed Personnel of the BFP and BJMP) of
RA 9263 states among others that attrition by other means shall be effected against personnel
who “fails to complete the required career courses and/or appropriate civil service eligibility for
higher rank

Types of Attrition

- Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank

- Attrition by Non Promotion

- Attrition by other means

- Separation or Retirement

Rationalized Promotion

Rationalized Promotion System. The system of promotion shall be based on merits and on the
availability of vacant ranks in the BFP and the BJMP staffing pattern. Such system shall be gender-fair so
as to ensure that women personnel of the Fire Bureau and the Jail Bureau shall enjoy equal opportunity
for promotion as of men
Regular promotion – Promotion given to qualified BJMP personnel
Special promotion – Granted to every personnel who committed acts of merits
Promotion by virtue of position – Vacancies of position

✓ SALARIES

BJMP AND BFP MONTHLY BASE PAY

Fire/Jail Officer I 29,668
Fire/Jail Officer II 30,867
Fire/Jail Officer III 32,114
Senior Fire/Jail Officer I 33,411
Senior Fire/Jail Officer II 34,079
Senior Fire/Jail Officer III 34,761
Senior Fire/Jail Officer IV 38,366
Inspector 49,528
Senior Inspector 56,582
Chief Inspector 62,555
Superintendent 71,313
Senior Superintendent 80,583
Chief Superintendent 91,058
Director 102,896

Other Compensation to All

- PERA
- Clothing/Uniform Allowance
- Mid-Year
- Year End
- Laundry Allowance
- Quarters Allowances
- Productivity Enhancement Incentives
- Hazardous Duty pay
- Hazard duty pay
- Training subsistence pay .
- PAG IBIG Contribution
- PhilHealth Contribution
- Retirement Gratuity
- Terminal Leave
- Allowances from LGU (if available)